See vernalization on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "devernalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vernal",
"3": "ization"
},
"expansion": "vernal + -ization",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From vernal + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vernalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "vernalization (usually uncountable, plural vernalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, J. T. Ritchie, U. Singh, D. C. Godwin, W. T. Bowen, Cereal growth, development and yield, Gordon Yukio Tsuji, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Philip Thornton (editors), Understanding Options for Agricultural Production, Volume 7, page 88",
"text": "This low temperature requirement for flowering, called vernalization, begins at germination. Vernalization is assumed to occur at temperatures between 0 and 18°C (Ahrens and Loomis, 1963; Tirone and Metzer, 1970)."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Helgi Öpik, Stephen A. Rolfe, Arthur John Willis, The Physiology Of Flowering Plants, page 275:",
"text": "Species needing vernalization do not flower when grown in a warm climate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, David S. Ingram, Daphne Vince-Prue, Peter J. Gregory, editors, Science and the Garden: The Scientific Basis of Horticultural Practice, page 201:",
"text": "For some plants, however, exposure to low temperatures during winter is an essential step in their development. Two of these processes, vernalisation and the breaking of winter dormancy, have important implications for gardeners.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, H. Yamashita, Y. Komeda (chapter authors), Eng Chong Pua, Michael R. Davey (editors), Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, Volume 1, page 202",
"text": "Furthermore, vernalization has been shown to override the late-flowering phenotype. […] Both VRN1 and VRN2 genes have been identified to be associated with vernalization."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The treatment of seeds or bulbs by exposure to low temperatures so as to decrease the vegetative period or to cause the plant to flower or bear fruit more quickly."
],
"id": "en-vernalization-en-noun-rGpdAI4i",
"links": [
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
],
[
"seeds",
"seeds"
],
[
"bulbs",
"bulbs"
],
[
"vegetative",
"vegetative"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agrobiology) The treatment of seeds or bulbs by exposure to low temperatures so as to decrease the vegetative period or to cause the plant to flower or bear fruit more quickly."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vernalize"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jarovization"
},
{
"word": "vernalisation"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jarovizácija",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яровиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūnhuà",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūnhuà zuòyòng",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化作用"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "vernalisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "keväistys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "idunviritys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vernalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vernalisierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Jarowisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Jarowisierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "earinopoíisi",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εαρινοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jarovizzazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarovizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "しゅんかしょり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化処理"
},
{
"alt": "春化處理",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chunhwa cheori",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "춘화 처리"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jarovizacija",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яровизация"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "xuân hoá"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "sự xuân hoá"
}
]
}
],
"word": "vernalization"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "devernalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vernal",
"3": "ization"
},
"expansion": "vernal + -ization",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From vernal + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vernalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "vernalization (usually uncountable, plural vernalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vernalize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ization",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, J. T. Ritchie, U. Singh, D. C. Godwin, W. T. Bowen, Cereal growth, development and yield, Gordon Yukio Tsuji, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Philip Thornton (editors), Understanding Options for Agricultural Production, Volume 7, page 88",
"text": "This low temperature requirement for flowering, called vernalization, begins at germination. Vernalization is assumed to occur at temperatures between 0 and 18°C (Ahrens and Loomis, 1963; Tirone and Metzer, 1970)."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Helgi Öpik, Stephen A. Rolfe, Arthur John Willis, The Physiology Of Flowering Plants, page 275:",
"text": "Species needing vernalization do not flower when grown in a warm climate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, David S. Ingram, Daphne Vince-Prue, Peter J. Gregory, editors, Science and the Garden: The Scientific Basis of Horticultural Practice, page 201:",
"text": "For some plants, however, exposure to low temperatures during winter is an essential step in their development. Two of these processes, vernalisation and the breaking of winter dormancy, have important implications for gardeners.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, H. Yamashita, Y. Komeda (chapter authors), Eng Chong Pua, Michael R. Davey (editors), Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, Volume 1, page 202",
"text": "Furthermore, vernalization has been shown to override the late-flowering phenotype. […] Both VRN1 and VRN2 genes have been identified to be associated with vernalization."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The treatment of seeds or bulbs by exposure to low temperatures so as to decrease the vegetative period or to cause the plant to flower or bear fruit more quickly."
],
"links": [
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
],
[
"seeds",
"seeds"
],
[
"bulbs",
"bulbs"
],
[
"vegetative",
"vegetative"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agrobiology) The treatment of seeds or bulbs by exposure to low temperatures so as to decrease the vegetative period or to cause the plant to flower or bear fruit more quickly."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jarovization"
},
{
"word": "vernalisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jarovizácija",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яровиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūnhuà",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūnhuà zuòyòng",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化作用"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "vernalisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "keväistys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "idunviritys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vernalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vernalisierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Jarowisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Jarowisierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "earinopoíisi",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εαρινοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jarovizzazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iarovizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "しゅんかしょり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "春化処理"
},
{
"alt": "春化處理",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chunhwa cheori",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "춘화 처리"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vernalização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jarovizacija",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яровизация"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "xuân hoá"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "certain treatment of seeds or bulbs",
"word": "sự xuân hoá"
}
],
"word": "vernalization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vernalization meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: agrobiology",
"path": [
"vernalization"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vernalization",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: agrobiology",
"path": [
"vernalization"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vernalization",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.