See tŋiːʔ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Aslian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelai: tɲi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-ban-pro",
"2": "*tŋaj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric: *tŋaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laven:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jru': tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Juk: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Su: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brao: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alak: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpm",
"2": "tơngai"
},
"expansion": "Koho: tơngai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Koho: tơngai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "ngay"
},
"expansion": "Halang: ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Halang: ngay"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*tŋaj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic: *tŋaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktv",
"2": "t'ngay"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "ingay"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: ingay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: ingay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "tangái"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Bru: tangái",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Bru: tangái"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ta'oi: tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuy: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*sŋiː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian: *sŋiː",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "sngi",
"3": "'ngi"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ថ្ងៃ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*cŋi/eʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: sŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mal: ŋeʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱥᱤᱧ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bondo: siŋi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "tṅey"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: tṅey",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: tṅey"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "တ္ၚဲ",
"tr": "ŋoa"
},
"expansion": "Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*cəŋiːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaung:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shwe:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pll",
"2": "ဆငီ"
},
"expansion": "Shwe Palaung: ဆငီ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shwe Palaung: ဆငီ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plang:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pea-pro",
"2": "*tŋiʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Pearic: *tŋiʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: ŋiʔ (\"noon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*-ŋiː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic: *-ŋiː",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "taṅhi",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "sṛŋeŋe",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ",
"inh": "1",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*t-"
},
"expansion": "*t-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*ktʰaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*c₁aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*ʦaŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)\nThe Munda reflexes for this item are of the \"Northern Austroasiatic\" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common \"non-Northern\" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three \"Northern\" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tŋiːʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"day"
],
"id": "en-tŋiːʔ-aav-pro-noun-lEwn5bl6",
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŋiːʔ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Aslian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelai: tɲi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-ban-pro",
"2": "*tŋaj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric: *tŋaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laven:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jru': tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Juk: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Su: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brao: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alak: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpm",
"2": "tơngai"
},
"expansion": "Koho: tơngai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Koho: tơngai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "ngay"
},
"expansion": "Halang: ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Halang: ngay"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*tŋaj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic: *tŋaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktv",
"2": "t'ngay"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "ingay"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: ingay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: ingay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "tangái"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Bru: tangái",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Bru: tangái"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ta'oi: tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuy: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*sŋiː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian: *sŋiː",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "sngi",
"3": "'ngi"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ថ្ងៃ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*cŋi/eʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: sŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mal: ŋeʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱥᱤᱧ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bondo: siŋi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "tṅey"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: tṅey",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: tṅey"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "တ္ၚဲ",
"tr": "ŋoa"
},
"expansion": "Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*cəŋiːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaung:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shwe:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pll",
"2": "ဆငီ"
},
"expansion": "Shwe Palaung: ဆငီ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shwe Palaung: ဆငီ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plang:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pea-pro",
"2": "*tŋiʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Pearic: *tŋiʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: ŋiʔ (\"noon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*-ŋiː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic: *-ŋiː",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "taṅhi",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "sṛŋeŋe",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ",
"inh": "1",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*t-"
},
"expansion": "*t-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*ktʰaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*c₁aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*ʦaŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)\nThe Munda reflexes for this item are of the \"Northern Austroasiatic\" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common \"non-Northern\" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three \"Northern\" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tŋiːʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Austroasiatic lemmas",
"Proto-Austroasiatic nouns",
"aav-pro:Time"
],
"glosses": [
"day"
],
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŋiːʔ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tŋiːʔ meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.