See tŋiːʔ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Aslian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelai: tɲi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laven:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jru': tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Juk: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Su: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brao: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alak: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpm",
"2": "töngai"
},
"expansion": "Koho: töngai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Koho: töngai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "ngay"
},
"expansion": "Halang: ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Halang: ngay"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktv",
"2": "t'ngay"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "ingay"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: ingay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: ingay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "tangái"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Bru: tangái",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Bru: tangái"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ta'oi: tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuy: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "sngi",
"3": "'ngi"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: sŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mal: ŋeʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱥᱤᱧ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bondo: siŋi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "tṅey"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: tṅey",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: tṅey"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaung:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shwe:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sam-Loong: ဆငီ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plang:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: ŋiʔ (\"noon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tho:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cuối Chăm: ŋaj¹"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Làng Lỡ: ŋiː¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Viet-Muong:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Muong: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muong: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "taṅhi",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "sṛŋeŋe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ",
"inh": "1",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*t-"
},
"expansion": "*t-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*ktʰaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*c₁aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*ʦaŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)\nThe Munda reflexes for this item are of the \"Northern Austroasiatic\" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common \"non-Northern\" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three \"Northern\" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tŋiːʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"day"
],
"id": "en-tŋiːʔ-aav-pro-noun-lEwn5bl6",
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"id": "en-tŋiːʔ-aav-pro-noun-J3VvBQ4U",
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŋiːʔ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Austroasiatic lemmas",
"Proto-Austroasiatic nouns",
"aav-pro:Celestial bodies",
"aav-pro:Time"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Aslian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelai: tɲi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laven:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jru': tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Juk: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Su: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brao: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alak: taŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpm",
"2": "töngai"
},
"expansion": "Koho: töngai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Koho: töngai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bahnaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "ngay"
},
"expansion": "Halang: ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Halang: ngay"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktv",
"2": "t'ngay"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Katu: t'ngay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "ingay"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: ingay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: ingay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "tangái"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Bru: tangái",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Bru: tangái"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ta'oi: tŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuy: təŋaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "sngi",
"3": "'ngi"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: sngi, 'ngi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: sŋiʔ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mal: ŋeʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱥᱤᱧ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bondo: siŋi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "tṅey"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: tṅey",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: tṅey"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaung:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shwe:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sam-Loong: ဆငီ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plang:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: ŋiʔ (\"noon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tho:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cuối Chăm: ŋaj¹"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Làng Lỡ: ŋiː¹"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Viet-Muong:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Muong: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muong: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ngày"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: ngày",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: ngày"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "taṅhi",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Javanese: taṅhi\n> Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "sṛŋeŋe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ",
"inh": "1",
"t": "sun"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*t-"
},
"expansion": "*t-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-khs-pro",
"2": "*ktʰaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*c₁aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*ʦaŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)\nThe Munda reflexes for this item are of the \"Northern Austroasiatic\" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common \"non-Northern\" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three \"Northern\" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tŋiːʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"day"
],
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŋiːʔ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tŋiːʔ meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.