See tēkaną on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tēkaną meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hold, seizure",
"word": "takô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tacken",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tācken"
},
"expansion": "tācken",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tacken (= tācken?, otherwise secondarily geminated)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tāken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: tāken\nDutch: taken\nLimburgish: take",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: tāken\nDutch: taken\nLimburgish: take"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "taka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: taka\nIcelandic: taka\nFaroese: taka\nNorn: taka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: taka, ta; (dialectal) tåkå, tå\nJamtish: ta\nElfdalian: tågå\nOld Swedish: taka, tagha\nSwedish: taga, ta\nOld Danish: taka, taghæ\nDanish: tage\nNorwegian Bokmål: ta\nScanian: tâga\nOld Gutnish: taka\n→ Old English: tacan\nMiddle English: taken\nEnglish: take\nGeordie English: tyek\nScots: tak, ta\nYola: taake",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: taka\nIcelandic: taka\nFaroese: taka\nNorn: taka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: taka, ta; (dialectal) tåkå, tå\nJamtish: ta\nElfdalian: tågå\nOld Swedish: taka, tagha\nSwedish: taga, ta\nOld Danish: taka, taghæ\nDanish: tage\nNorwegian Bokmål: ta\nScanian: tâga\nOld Gutnish: taka\n→ Old English: tacan\nMiddle English: taken\nEnglish: take\nGeordie English: tyek\nScots: tak, ta\nYola: taake"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽 (tēkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽 (tēkan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*teh₂g-",
"id": "touch"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deh₁g-",
"t": "to touch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deh₁g- (“to touch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "täk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B täk- (“to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ceśäṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "touches; takes",
"pos": "3sg.pres."
},
"expansion": "ceśäṃ (“touches; takes”, 3sg.pres.)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*teh₂g-",
"id": "touch",
"t": "to touch, take (by the hand)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch, take (by the hand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þakwōną",
"3": "*þakkōną",
"4": "to touch lightly, tap"
},
"expansion": "*þakkōną (“to touch lightly, tap”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tangō",
"3": "",
"4": "I touch"
},
"expansion": "Latin tangō (“I touch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τεταγών",
"3": "",
"4": "having seized",
"pos": "ptcp."
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”, ptcp.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*t"
},
"expansion": "*t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*t"
},
"expansion": "*t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ē"
},
"expansion": "*ē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ä"
},
"expansion": "*ä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dg"
},
"expansion": "*dg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tg"
},
"expansion": "*tg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-th₂g-"
},
"expansion": "*te-th₂g-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tetigī",
"3": "",
"4": "have touched"
},
"expansion": "Latin tetigī (“have touched”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τεταγών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-tg-"
},
"expansion": "*te-tg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-dg-"
},
"expansion": "*te-dg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*de-dg-"
},
"expansion": "*de-dg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*deh₁g-"
},
"expansion": "*deh₁g-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dedg-"
},
"expansion": "*dedg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₁"
},
"expansion": "*h₁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tēkaną"
},
"expansion": "*tēkaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þakwōną",
"3": "*þakkōną"
},
"expansion": "*þakkōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*slēpaną"
},
"expansion": "*slēpaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*slappōną",
"3": "*slapp/bōną"
},
"expansion": "*slapp/bōną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an apparent Proto-Indo-European *deh₁g- (“to touch”), with the only formal cognate being Tocharian B täk- (“to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch”), ceśäṃ (“touches; takes”, 3sg.pres.). Ringe suggests that either pre-Germanic or pre-Tocharian borrowed the word from the other.\nSeveral authors have noted the similarity of this root to Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch, take (by the hand)”) (whence *þakkōną (“to touch lightly, tap”), Latin tangō (“I touch”), Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”, ptcp.)), but the two cannot be reconciled by traditional means, as the \"unshifted\" Germanic *t is not expected to come from PIE *t in this phonetic environment, nor should Germanic *ē (as in the Gothic descendant only) have developed from PIE *eh₂, and Tocharian short *ä cannot continue PIE *eh₂ under normal conditions. However, the stop consonant in Germanic can be explained if it developed from a cluster *dg with voicing assimilation from earlier *tg. According to the hypothesis by Mottausch, the reduplicated form *te-th₂g- (as in Latin tetigī (“have touched”), Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn)) regularly lost its laryngeal in pre-Germanic, and so the resulting *te-tg- would have required voicing assimilation to *te-dg-, which was subsequently back-formed to *de-dg- to restore the normal pattern of reduplication, resulting in the unshifted Germanic /t/. Additionally, the pre-form *deh₁g- that resulted in the long vowel in Germanic can be maintained, if it is assumed that the second stop in this pre-Germanic *dedg- underwent dissimilation to glottalic *h₁ = [ʔ]. Kroonen upholds this derivation, though he notes its great difficulties. For a partial alternative, he suggests a back-formation of *tēkaną from iterative *þakkōną (cf. his similar derivation of *slēpaną from *slapp/bōną).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōht",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tēk",
"2": "tetōk",
"3": "tetōk",
"4": "tēk",
"class": "7d"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tēkaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to touch"
],
"id": "en-tēkaną-gem-pro-verb-lk95B6zw",
"links": [
[
"touch",
"touch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp; to take"
],
"id": "en-tēkaną-gem-pro-verb-gIQlfj5P",
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɛː.kɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "North-West",
"word": "takaną"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tēkaną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic class 7d strong verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂g- (touch)",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hold, seizure",
"word": "takô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tacken",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tācken"
},
"expansion": "tācken",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tacken (= tācken?, otherwise secondarily geminated)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*takan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *takan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *takan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tāken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: tāken\nDutch: taken\nLimburgish: take",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: tāken\nDutch: taken\nLimburgish: take"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "taka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: taka\nIcelandic: taka\nFaroese: taka\nNorn: taka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: taka, ta; (dialectal) tåkå, tå\nJamtish: ta\nElfdalian: tågå\nOld Swedish: taka, tagha\nSwedish: taga, ta\nOld Danish: taka, taghæ\nDanish: tage\nNorwegian Bokmål: ta\nScanian: tâga\nOld Gutnish: taka\n→ Old English: tacan\nMiddle English: taken\nEnglish: take\nGeordie English: tyek\nScots: tak, ta\nYola: taake",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: taka\nIcelandic: taka\nFaroese: taka\nNorn: taka\nNorwegian Nynorsk: taka, ta; (dialectal) tåkå, tå\nJamtish: ta\nElfdalian: tågå\nOld Swedish: taka, tagha\nSwedish: taga, ta\nOld Danish: taka, taghæ\nDanish: tage\nNorwegian Bokmål: ta\nScanian: tâga\nOld Gutnish: taka\n→ Old English: tacan\nMiddle English: taken\nEnglish: take\nGeordie English: tyek\nScots: tak, ta\nYola: taake"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽 (tēkan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽 (tēkan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*teh₂g-",
"id": "touch"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deh₁g-",
"t": "to touch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deh₁g- (“to touch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "täk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B täk- (“to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ceśäṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "touches; takes",
"pos": "3sg.pres."
},
"expansion": "ceśäṃ (“touches; takes”, 3sg.pres.)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*teh₂g-",
"id": "touch",
"t": "to touch, take (by the hand)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch, take (by the hand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þakwōną",
"3": "*þakkōną",
"4": "to touch lightly, tap"
},
"expansion": "*þakkōną (“to touch lightly, tap”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tangō",
"3": "",
"4": "I touch"
},
"expansion": "Latin tangō (“I touch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τεταγών",
"3": "",
"4": "having seized",
"pos": "ptcp."
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”, ptcp.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*t"
},
"expansion": "*t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*t"
},
"expansion": "*t",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ē"
},
"expansion": "*ē",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ä"
},
"expansion": "*ä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dg"
},
"expansion": "*dg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tg"
},
"expansion": "*tg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-th₂g-"
},
"expansion": "*te-th₂g-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tetigī",
"3": "",
"4": "have touched"
},
"expansion": "Latin tetigī (“have touched”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τεταγών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-tg-"
},
"expansion": "*te-tg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*te-dg-"
},
"expansion": "*te-dg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*de-dg-"
},
"expansion": "*de-dg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*deh₁g-"
},
"expansion": "*deh₁g-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dedg-"
},
"expansion": "*dedg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₁"
},
"expansion": "*h₁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tēkaną"
},
"expansion": "*tēkaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þakwōną",
"3": "*þakkōną"
},
"expansion": "*þakkōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*slēpaną"
},
"expansion": "*slēpaną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*slappōną",
"3": "*slapp/bōną"
},
"expansion": "*slapp/bōną",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an apparent Proto-Indo-European *deh₁g- (“to touch”), with the only formal cognate being Tocharian B täk- (“to touch, feel (with the hand); to fetch”), ceśäṃ (“touches; takes”, 3sg.pres.). Ringe suggests that either pre-Germanic or pre-Tocharian borrowed the word from the other.\nSeveral authors have noted the similarity of this root to Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch, take (by the hand)”) (whence *þakkōną (“to touch lightly, tap”), Latin tangō (“I touch”), Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”, ptcp.)), but the two cannot be reconciled by traditional means, as the \"unshifted\" Germanic *t is not expected to come from PIE *t in this phonetic environment, nor should Germanic *ē (as in the Gothic descendant only) have developed from PIE *eh₂, and Tocharian short *ä cannot continue PIE *eh₂ under normal conditions. However, the stop consonant in Germanic can be explained if it developed from a cluster *dg with voicing assimilation from earlier *tg. According to the hypothesis by Mottausch, the reduplicated form *te-th₂g- (as in Latin tetigī (“have touched”), Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn)) regularly lost its laryngeal in pre-Germanic, and so the resulting *te-tg- would have required voicing assimilation to *te-dg-, which was subsequently back-formed to *de-dg- to restore the normal pattern of reduplication, resulting in the unshifted Germanic /t/. Additionally, the pre-form *deh₁g- that resulted in the long vowel in Germanic can be maintained, if it is assumed that the second stop in this pre-Germanic *dedg- underwent dissimilation to glottalic *h₁ = [ʔ]. Kroonen upholds this derivation, though he notes its great difficulties. For a partial alternative, he suggests a back-formation of *tēkaną from iterative *þakkōną (cf. his similar derivation of *slēpaną from *slapp/bōną).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōht",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tetōkīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tēkanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tēk",
"2": "tetōk",
"3": "tetōk",
"4": "tēk",
"class": "7d"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tēkaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to touch"
],
"links": [
[
"touch",
"touch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to grasp; to take"
],
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɛː.kɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "North-West",
"word": "takaną"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tēkaną"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.