"sxmarṭl-" meaning in All languages combined

See sxmarṭl- on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Kartvelian]

Etymology: Considerable dialectal variation appears in the daughter languages. The main difficulty in reconstructing the archetype lies in the initial part of the word (Klimov, 1998), which may appear as a voiced or a voiceless cluster, especially in Georgian and Svan. Fenwick (2017) suggests a regular dissimilation from earlier Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”), a compound of *sxmal- (“pear”)—which, along with a variant *msxal- (“pear”), is ultimately from Late Proto-Indo-European *(s)h₂émlo- (“apple, tree fruit”)—suffixed with Proto-Kartvelian *ṭl-, in which case the variants with voiced onset would be the result of sporadic voicing. Middle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ) and Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon) may also be connected in some fashion. Etymology templates: {{m+|ccs-pro||*sxmal-ṭl-|lit=rotten pear, spoiled pear}} Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”), {{cog|axm|զկեռ}} Middle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ), {{cog|grc|μέσπιλον}} Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon) Head templates: {{head|ccs-pro|noun}} *sxmarṭl-
  1. medlar Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-sxmarṭl--ccs-pro-noun-n5d5EOzq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ზღმარტლი"
          },
          "expansion": "Georgian: ზღმარტლი (zɣmarṭli), სხმარტლი (sxmarṭli) — Racha, Lechkhumi, Guria, Imereti, ჟღმარტლი (žɣmarṭli) — Lower Kartli, სიმარტლი (simarṭli) — Tusheti, სიმარტელი (simarṭeli) — Tusheti, Ingilo, ზიმარტლი (zimarṭli) — Kiziqi, სიმარტყლ (simarṭq̇l), სიმარტლ (simarṭl) — Ingilo\n→ Bats: სიმაჲრტყლი̆ (simayrṭq̇lĭ)\n→ Ossetian: мантъылы (mant’yly)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Georgian: ზღმარტლი (zɣmarṭli), სხმარტლი (sxmarṭli) — Racha, Lechkhumi, Guria, Imereti, ჟღმარტლი (žɣmarṭli) — Lower Kartli, სიმარტლი (simarṭli) — Tusheti, სიმარტელი (simarṭeli) — Tusheti, Ingilo, ზიმარტლი (zimarṭli) — Kiziqi, სიმარტყლ (simarṭq̇l), სიმარტლ (simarṭl) — Ingilo\n→ Bats: სიმაჲრტყლი̆ (simayrṭq̇lĭ)\n→ Ossetian: мантъылы (mant’yly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lzz",
            "2": "ცხიმუნტური",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Laz: ცხიმუნტური (ʒximunťuri), ცქიმუნტური (ʒkimunťuri), ცქირმუნტური (ʒkirmunťuri), ცქირმუტური (ʒkirmuťuri), ცქიმუტი (ʒkimuťi), ცხიმუტი (ʒximuťi), ნცხილიმუნტი (nʒxilimunťi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Laz: ცხიმუნტური (ʒximunťuri), ცქიმუნტური (ʒkimunťuri), ცქირმუნტური (ʒkirmunťuri), ცქირმუტური (ʒkirmuťuri), ცქიმუტი (ʒkimuťi), ცხიმუტი (ʒximuťi), ნცხილიმუნტი (nʒxilimunťi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmf",
            "2": "ცქუმუნტური",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Mingrelian: ცქუმუნტური (ckumunṭuri), ცხუმუტური (cxumuṭuri), ცხუმუნტური (cxumunṭuri), ცქუმუტური (ckumuṭuri), ცქიმუნტური (ckimunṭuri), ცქიმუტური (ckimuṭuri), ცხმუტური (cxmuṭuri)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mingrelian: ცქუმუნტური (ckumunṭuri), ცხუმუტური (cxumuṭuri), ცხუმუნტური (cxumunṭuri), ცქუმუტური (ckumuṭuri), ცქიმუნტური (ckimunṭuri), ცქიმუტური (ckimuṭuri), ცხმუტური (cxmuṭuri)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "ჟუ̄ნტუ",
            "alts": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Svan: ჟუ̄ნტუ (žūnṭu), ზუ̄ნტუ (zūnṭu), ზუნტუ (zunṭu), ზუნტი (zunṭi), ზუნქი (zunki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Svan: ჟუ̄ნტუ (žūnṭu), ზუ̄ნტუ (zūnṭu), ზუნტუ (zunṭu), ზუნტი (zunṭi), ზუნქი (zunki)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sxmal-ṭl-",
        "lit": "rotten pear, spoiled pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "axm",
        "2": "զկեռ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέσπιλον"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Considerable dialectal variation appears in the daughter languages. The main difficulty in reconstructing the archetype lies in the initial part of the word (Klimov, 1998), which may appear as a voiced or a voiceless cluster, especially in Georgian and Svan. Fenwick (2017) suggests a regular dissimilation from earlier Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”), a compound of *sxmal- (“pear”)—which, along with a variant *msxal- (“pear”), is ultimately from Late Proto-Indo-European *(s)h₂émlo- (“apple, tree fruit”)—suffixed with Proto-Kartvelian *ṭl-, in which case the variants with voiced onset would be the result of sporadic voicing.\nMiddle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ) and Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon) may also be connected in some fashion.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*sxmarṭl-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
  "lang_code": "ccs-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/sxmarṭl-",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "medlar"
      ],
      "id": "en-sxmarṭl--ccs-pro-noun-n5d5EOzq",
      "links": [
        [
          "medlar",
          "medlar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sxmarṭl-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ზღმარტლი"
          },
          "expansion": "Georgian: ზღმარტლი (zɣmarṭli), სხმარტლი (sxmarṭli) — Racha, Lechkhumi, Guria, Imereti, ჟღმარტლი (žɣmarṭli) — Lower Kartli, სიმარტლი (simarṭli) — Tusheti, სიმარტელი (simarṭeli) — Tusheti, Ingilo, ზიმარტლი (zimarṭli) — Kiziqi, სიმარტყლ (simarṭq̇l), სიმარტლ (simarṭl) — Ingilo\n→ Bats: სიმაჲრტყლი̆ (simayrṭq̇lĭ)\n→ Ossetian: мантъылы (mant’yly)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Georgian: ზღმარტლი (zɣmarṭli), სხმარტლი (sxmarṭli) — Racha, Lechkhumi, Guria, Imereti, ჟღმარტლი (žɣmarṭli) — Lower Kartli, სიმარტლი (simarṭli) — Tusheti, სიმარტელი (simarṭeli) — Tusheti, Ingilo, ზიმარტლი (zimarṭli) — Kiziqi, სიმარტყლ (simarṭq̇l), სიმარტლ (simarṭl) — Ingilo\n→ Bats: სიმაჲრტყლი̆ (simayrṭq̇lĭ)\n→ Ossetian: мантъылы (mant’yly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lzz",
            "2": "ცხიმუნტური",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Laz: ცხიმუნტური (ʒximunťuri), ცქიმუნტური (ʒkimunťuri), ცქირმუნტური (ʒkirmunťuri), ცქირმუტური (ʒkirmuťuri), ცქიმუტი (ʒkimuťi), ცხიმუტი (ʒximuťi), ნცხილიმუნტი (nʒxilimunťi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Laz: ცხიმუნტური (ʒximunťuri), ცქიმუნტური (ʒkimunťuri), ცქირმუნტური (ʒkirmunťuri), ცქირმუტური (ʒkirmuťuri), ცქიმუტი (ʒkimuťi), ცხიმუტი (ʒximuťi), ნცხილიმუნტი (nʒxilimunťi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmf",
            "2": "ცქუმუნტური",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Mingrelian: ცქუმუნტური (ckumunṭuri), ცხუმუტური (cxumuṭuri), ცხუმუნტური (cxumunṭuri), ცქუმუტური (ckumuṭuri), ცქიმუნტური (ckimunṭuri), ცქიმუტური (ckimuṭuri), ცხმუტური (cxmuṭuri)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mingrelian: ცქუმუნტური (ckumunṭuri), ცხუმუტური (cxumuṭuri), ცხუმუნტური (cxumunṭuri), ცქუმუტური (ckumuṭuri), ცქიმუნტური (ckimunṭuri), ცქიმუტური (ckimuṭuri), ცხმუტური (cxmuṭuri)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "ჟუ̄ნტუ",
            "alts": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Svan: ჟუ̄ნტუ (žūnṭu), ზუ̄ნტუ (zūnṭu), ზუნტუ (zunṭu), ზუნტი (zunṭi), ზუნქი (zunki)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Svan: ჟუ̄ნტუ (žūnṭu), ზუ̄ნტუ (zūnṭu), ზუნტუ (zunṭu), ზუნტი (zunṭi), ზუნქი (zunki)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sxmal-ṭl-",
        "lit": "rotten pear, spoiled pear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "axm",
        "2": "զկեռ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέσπιλον"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Considerable dialectal variation appears in the daughter languages. The main difficulty in reconstructing the archetype lies in the initial part of the word (Klimov, 1998), which may appear as a voiced or a voiceless cluster, especially in Georgian and Svan. Fenwick (2017) suggests a regular dissimilation from earlier Proto-Kartvelian *sxmal-ṭl- (literally “rotten pear, spoiled pear”), a compound of *sxmal- (“pear”)—which, along with a variant *msxal- (“pear”), is ultimately from Late Proto-Indo-European *(s)h₂émlo- (“apple, tree fruit”)—suffixed with Proto-Kartvelian *ṭl-, in which case the variants with voiced onset would be the result of sporadic voicing.\nMiddle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ) and Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon) may also be connected in some fashion.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*sxmarṭl-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
  "lang_code": "ccs-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/sxmarṭl-",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Kartvelian lemmas",
        "Proto-Kartvelian nouns",
        "ccs-pro:Nightshades",
        "ccs-pro:Pome fruits"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "medlar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medlar",
          "medlar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sxmarṭl-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sxmarṭl- meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (3fd8a50 and 59b8406). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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