See swerd- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swórd-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swartaz",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swartaz (“black”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swartaz (“black”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swárdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swárdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swárdas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwárdah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwárdah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwárdah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xwelî",
"t": "ashes; dust"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xwelî (“ashes; dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xwelî (“ashes; dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوال",
"t": "soot",
"tr": "xvâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: خوال (xvâl, “soot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: خوال (xvâl, “soot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*sword-ēō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *sword-ēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *sword-ēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordeō",
"t": "to be dirty"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sordeō (“to be dirty”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sordeō (“to be dirty”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swordo-woris (“black water”, Balkan substrate name for a river)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "Vardar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: Vardar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: Vardar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βαρδάριος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Βαρδάριος (Bardários)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Βαρδάριος (Bardários)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "Вардар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: Вардар (Vardar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: Вардар (Vardar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swórd-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt1": "*swordēi(s)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swordēi(s)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swordēi(s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sordēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sordēs"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swerd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dirty"
],
"id": "en-swerd--ine-pro-root-0MksdkxW",
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark, black"
],
"id": "en-swerd--ine-pro-root-lvzgkVTF",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swerd-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swórd-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swartaz",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swartaz (“black”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swartaz (“black”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swárdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swárdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swárdas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwárdah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwárdah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwárdah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xwelî",
"t": "ashes; dust"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xwelî (“ashes; dust”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xwelî (“ashes; dust”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوال",
"t": "soot",
"tr": "xvâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: خوال (xvâl, “soot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: خوال (xvâl, “soot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*sword-ēō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *sword-ēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *sword-ēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordeō",
"t": "to be dirty"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sordeō (“to be dirty”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sordeō (“to be dirty”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swordo-woris (“black water”, Balkan substrate name for a river)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "Vardar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: Vardar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: Vardar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βαρδάριος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Βαρδάριος (Bardários)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Βαρδάριος (Bardários)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "Вардар",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: Вардар (Vardar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: Вардар (Vardar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swórd-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt1": "*swordēi(s)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swordēi(s)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swordēi(s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordēs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sordēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sordēs"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swerd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark, black"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swerd-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swerd- meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.