See stuno on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner\nBourbonnais: etouna\nMiddle French: estonner, étonner\nFrench: étonner\nNorman: êtonner (Jersiais)\nPicard: ètonneu (Athois)\nWalloon: èstèner (Liégeois)\n→ Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien\nEarly English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)\n⇒ English: astonish",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner\nBourbonnais: etouna\nMiddle French: estonner, étonner\nFrench: étonner\nNorman: êtonner (Jersiais)\nPicard: ètonneu (Athois)\nWalloon: èstèner (Liégeois)\n→ Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien\nEarly English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)\n⇒ English: astonish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "stonare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: stonare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: stonare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: estonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: estonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: estonar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to rumble, thunder, bang"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex",
"3": "tonō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "thunder, speak thunderously"
},
"expansion": "ex- + tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”)",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną. Alternatively from or a merger with *extonō, from ex- + tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stunō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "stunāre",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunāvī",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "stunātum",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "*stunō"
},
"expansion": "*stunō (present infinitive *stunāre, perfect active *stunāvī, supine *stunātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "PIWR"
},
"expansion": "(Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/stuno",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shock, surprise"
],
"id": "en-stuno-la-verb-ryktb0H9",
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 52 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 49 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 62 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 77 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stun, daze"
],
"id": "en-stuno-la-verb-W-GOccu9",
"links": [
[
"stun",
"stun"
],
[
"daze",
"daze"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jar, clash"
],
"id": "en-stuno-la-verb-xAsqc3wm",
"links": [
[
"jar",
"jar"
],
[
"clash",
"clash"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sˈtono/"
}
],
"word": "stuno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin reconstructed verbs",
"Latin terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner\nBourbonnais: etouna\nMiddle French: estonner, étonner\nFrench: étonner\nNorman: êtonner (Jersiais)\nPicard: ètonneu (Athois)\nWalloon: èstèner (Liégeois)\n→ Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien\nEarly English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)\n⇒ English: astonish",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner\nBourbonnais: etouna\nMiddle French: estonner, étonner\nFrench: étonner\nNorman: êtonner (Jersiais)\nPicard: ètonneu (Athois)\nWalloon: èstèner (Liégeois)\n→ Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien\nEarly English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)\n⇒ English: astonish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "stonare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: stonare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: stonare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: estonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: estonar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: estonar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: estonar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stunōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to rumble, thunder, bang"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex",
"3": "tonō",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "thunder, speak thunderously"
},
"expansion": "ex- + tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”)",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną. Alternatively from or a merger with *extonō, from ex- + tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stunō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "stunāre",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunāvī",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "stunātum",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+",
"2": "*stunō"
},
"expansion": "*stunō (present infinitive *stunāre, perfect active *stunāvī, supine *stunātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "PIWR"
},
"expansion": "(Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/stuno",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shock, surprise"
],
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stun, daze"
],
"links": [
[
"stun",
"stun"
],
[
"daze",
"daze"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jar, clash"
],
"links": [
[
"jar",
"jar"
],
[
"clash",
"clash"
]
],
"tags": [
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"conjugation-1",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sˈtono/"
}
],
"word": "stuno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stuno meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.