See s-turʔ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "沝",
"tr": "OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 沝 (OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 沝 (OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "水",
"tr": "OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 水 (OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 水 (OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཆུ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཆུ (chu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཆུ (chu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཆུ",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ཆུ (chu, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ཆུ (chu, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Bodish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ཁྭེ"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ཁྭེ (khwe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ཁྭེ (khwe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chepang: /tiʔ/ (\"water\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hayu: /ti/ (\"water\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*tuy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *tuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *tuy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Mizo: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mizo: tui"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cfm",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Falam Chin: ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Falam Chin: ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnh",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Lai: ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lai: ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khomic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnk",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Khumi Chin: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khumi Chin: tui"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Zou: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zou: tui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tng-pro",
"2": "*dɨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tangkhulic: *dɨ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tangkhulic: *dɨ (Mortensen, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: madi (“wet, moist”), madit (“wet, moist; dampen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-kon-pro",
"2": "*təy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Northern Naga: *təy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Northern Naga: *təy (French, 1983)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Boro-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kokborok: twi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Garo: chi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese: *m/ʔ-titᴴ (“wet; soak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lisu (Southern): ꓔꓲꓹ (tǐ, “to immerse in water, dye”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ထွေး",
"3": "",
"t": "to spit"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ထွေး (htwe:, “to spit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ထွေး (htwe:, “to spit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*thejᴬ",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *thejᴬ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *thejᴬ (“water”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ထံ",
"gloss": "water",
"sc": "Mymr",
"tr": "thi"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ထံ (thi, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ထံ (thi, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blk",
"2": "ထီ",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Pa'o Karen: ထီ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pa'o Karen: ထီ (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjp",
"2": "ထီ့",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Pwo: ထီ့ (thî, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Pwo: ထီ့ (thî, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwo",
"2": "ထံၫ",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Western Pwo: ထံၫ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Pwo: ထံၫ (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (htyē, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (htyē, “water”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *təy (Chou, 1972); *s-turʔ (Sagart, 2017); *tVtur (Hill, 2021)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s (\"water / fluid / liquid / soak\"), *twəy ⪤ dwəy (\"water / egg / spit\"), *twəy-n (\"water / river\"), *ti(y) (\"water\") (Matisoff, STEDT); *ti(y), *twiy (Benedict, 1972); *twəy (Chou, 1972)\nSagart treats what STEDT assigns to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s and *tsju as one single etymon *s-turʔ. The loss of final *-r in Tibetan and its transformation to *-j in other non-Chinese languages are both regular after high vowels *i or *u.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*s-turʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-turʔ",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "egg, testicle",
"word": "d(w)əj"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-s-turʔ-sit-pro-root-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fluid, liquid"
],
"id": "en-s-turʔ-sit-pro-root-A0nUm7US",
"links": [
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to soak"
],
"id": "en-s-turʔ-sit-pro-root-krlDFnoe",
"links": [
[
"soak",
"soak"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wet"
],
"id": "en-s-turʔ-sit-pro-root-U0xR4Xdw",
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "s-turʔ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"sit-pro:Liquids"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "沝",
"tr": "OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 沝 (OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 沝 (OC *turʔ (B-S), *qʷljilʔ (ZS)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "水",
"tr": "OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 水 (OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 水 (OC *s.turʔ (B-S), *qʰʷljilʔ (ZS)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཆུ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཆུ (chu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཆུ (chu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཆུ",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ཆུ (chu, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ཆུ (chu, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Bodish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ཁྭེ"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ཁྭེ (khwe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ཁྭེ (khwe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chepang: /tiʔ/ (\"water\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hayu: /ti/ (\"water\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*tuy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *tuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *tuy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Mizo: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mizo: tui"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cfm",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Falam Chin: ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Falam Chin: ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnh",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Lai: ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lai: ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khomic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnk",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Khumi Chin: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khumi Chin: tui"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "Zou: tui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zou: tui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tng-pro",
"2": "*dɨ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tangkhulic: *dɨ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tangkhulic: *dɨ (Mortensen, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: madi (“wet, moist”), madit (“wet, moist; dampen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-kon-pro",
"2": "*təy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Northern Naga: *təy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Northern Naga: *təy (French, 1983)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Boro-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kokborok: twi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Garo: chi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese: *m/ʔ-titᴴ (“wet; soak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lisu (Southern): ꓔꓲꓹ (tǐ, “to immerse in water, dye”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ထွေး",
"3": "",
"t": "to spit"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ထွေး (htwe:, “to spit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ထွေး (htwe:, “to spit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*thejᴬ",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *thejᴬ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *thejᴬ (“water”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ထံ",
"gloss": "water",
"sc": "Mymr",
"tr": "thi"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ထံ (thi, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ထံ (thi, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blk",
"2": "ထီ",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Pa'o Karen: ထီ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pa'o Karen: ထီ (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjp",
"2": "ထီ့",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Pwo: ထီ့ (thî, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eastern Pwo: ထီ့ (thî, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwo",
"2": "ထံၫ",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Western Pwo: ထံၫ (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Pwo: ထံၫ (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭",
"gloss": "water"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (htyē, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (htyē, “water”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *təy (Chou, 1972); *s-turʔ (Sagart, 2017); *tVtur (Hill, 2021)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s (\"water / fluid / liquid / soak\"), *twəy ⪤ dwəy (\"water / egg / spit\"), *twəy-n (\"water / river\"), *ti(y) (\"water\") (Matisoff, STEDT); *ti(y), *twiy (Benedict, 1972); *twəy (Chou, 1972)\nSagart treats what STEDT assigns to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s and *tsju as one single etymon *s-turʔ. The loss of final *-r in Tibetan and its transformation to *-j in other non-Chinese languages are both regular after high vowels *i or *u.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*s-turʔ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-turʔ",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"english": "egg, testicle",
"word": "d(w)əj"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fluid, liquid"
],
"links": [
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to soak"
],
"links": [
[
"soak",
"soak"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wet"
],
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "s-turʔ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for s-turʔ meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.