See ruła on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ruła f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rura"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rura"
],
"id": "en-ruła-pl-noun-LHgXJkgY",
"links": [
[
"rura",
"rura#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Alternative form of rura"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/",
"note": "Żywiec"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr,f"
},
"expansion": "ruła m pers or f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of niezdara"
],
"id": "en-ruła-pl-noun-ZugC7n-A",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"niezdara",
"niezdara#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec, derogatory) Synonym of niezdara"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "niezdara"
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/",
"note": "Żywiec"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "goh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rura",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rura",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rura"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rura",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Backrohr//Backröhre//Rohr//Röhre",
"senseid": "oven"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Backrohr /Backröhre /Rohr /Röhre",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rura. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Backrohr /Backröhre /Rohr /Röhre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rułka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "rułka"
},
"expansion": "ruła f (diminutive rułka)",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ła"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube"
],
"id": "en-ruła-szl-noun-dUTho4UW",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 23 12 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 12 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "szl",
"name": "Home appliances",
"orig": "szl:Home appliances",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Machines",
"Society",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oven (appliance)"
],
"id": "en-ruła-szl-noun-szl:oven",
"links": [
[
"oven",
"oven"
]
],
"senseid": [
"szl:oven"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bratruła"
},
{
"word": "wieloch"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uwa"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish nouns with multiple genders",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Male people",
"szl:Home appliances"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ruła f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rura"
}
],
"categories": [
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rura"
],
"links": [
[
"rura",
"rura#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Alternative form of rura"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/",
"note": "Żywiec"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish nouns with multiple genders",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Male people",
"szl:Home appliances"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr,f"
},
"expansion": "ruła m pers or f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of niezdara"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"niezdara",
"niezdara#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec, derogatory) Synonym of niezdara"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "niezdara"
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/",
"note": "Żywiec"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/uwa",
"Rhymes:Silesian/uwa/2 syllables",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian feminine nouns",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian semantic loans from German",
"Silesian terms derived from German",
"Silesian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Silesian terms derived from Old High German",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"szl:Home appliances"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "goh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rura",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rura",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rura"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rura",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Backrohr//Backröhre//Rohr//Röhre",
"senseid": "oven"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Backrohr /Backröhre /Rohr /Röhre",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rura. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Backrohr /Backröhre /Rohr /Röhre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rułka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "rułka"
},
"expansion": "ruła f (diminutive rułka)",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ła"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube"
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"oven (appliance)"
],
"links": [
[
"oven",
"oven"
]
],
"senseid": [
"szl:oven"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bratruła"
},
{
"word": "wieloch"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.wa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uwa"
}
],
"word": "ruła"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruła meaning in All languages combined (3.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"ruła"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruła",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"ruła"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruła",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec, derogatory",
"path": [
"ruła"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruła",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec, derogatory",
"path": [
"ruła"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruła",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.