See qluwˣ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmn-pro",
"2": "*qlæᴮ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmong: *qlæᴮ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hmong: *qlæᴮ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Hmongic (Chuanqiandian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmong"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "RPA: dev"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dananshan: dled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bwx",
"2": "dleed"
},
"expansion": "Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmuic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern: dlad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-mie-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mien:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mien:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ium",
"2": "juv"
},
"expansion": "Iu Mien: juv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iu Mien: juv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "狗"
},
"expansion": "狗 (OC *koːʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"text": "→? Chinese: 狗 (OC *koːʔ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "狗"
},
"expansion": "狗 (OC *koːʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "*(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norman, 1988"
},
"expansion": "Norman, 1988",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Benedict, 1996"
},
"expansion": "Benedict, 1996",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Chinese 狗 (OC *koːʔ). Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”). Old Chinese borrowed 狗 from a language that was ancestral to Hmong-Mien (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*qluwˣ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"lang_code": "hmx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/qluwˣ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Hmong-Mien entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"id": "en-qluwˣ-hmx-pro-noun-zWNX792W",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "qluwˣ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmn-pro",
"2": "*qlæᴮ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmong: *qlæᴮ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hmong: *qlæᴮ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Hmongic (Chuanqiandian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmong"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "RPA: dev"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dananshan: dled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bwx",
"2": "dleed"
},
"expansion": "Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmuic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hmu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern: dlad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-mie-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mien:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Mien:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ium",
"2": "juv"
},
"expansion": "Iu Mien: juv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iu Mien: juv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "狗"
},
"expansion": "狗 (OC *koːʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"text": "→? Chinese: 狗 (OC *koːʔ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "狗"
},
"expansion": "狗 (OC *koːʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "*(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norman, 1988"
},
"expansion": "Norman, 1988",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Benedict, 1996"
},
"expansion": "Benedict, 1996",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Chinese 狗 (OC *koːʔ). Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”). Old Chinese borrowed 狗 from a language that was ancestral to Hmong-Mien (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*qluwˣ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"lang_code": "hmx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/qluwˣ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien lemmas",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien nouns",
"hmx-pro:Vertebrates"
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "qluwˣ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for qluwˣ meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.