See pljum on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "蜂 (fēng) /*pʰ(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"bee, wasp\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "鋒 /锋 (fēng) /*pʰ(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"point of a weapon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*C.b(r)oŋ-s"
},
"expansion": "*C.b(r)oŋ-s",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"text": "縫 /缝 /*(mə-)b(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*boŋ/ (ZS) (\"to sew\"); 縫 /缝 /*C.b(r)oŋ-s/ (B-S), /*boŋ-s/ (ZS) (\"seam\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "峰 (fēng) /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"summit, peak\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "བུང་བ",
"t": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karen: *phrɨNᴬ (“bee; wasp; hornet”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ဖျၢ",
"t": "wasp; hornet"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ဖျၢ (hpluh, “wasp; hornet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ဖျၢ (hpluh, “wasp; hornet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭",
"t": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭ (plūe, “bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭ (plūe, “bee”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Animals"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "C"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夆",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夆 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蜂",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "蜂 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鋒"
},
"expansion": "鋒 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "縫",
"2": "to sew",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "縫 (OC *boŋ, “to sew”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "縫",
"2": "seam",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "縫 (OC *boŋs, “seam”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "峰",
"2": "mountain peak"
},
"expansion": "峰 (OC *pʰoŋ, “mountain peak”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "កំពូល",
"3": "",
"4": "summit, peak"
},
"expansion": "Khmer កំពូល (kɑmpuul, “summit, peak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ព្រំ",
"3": "",
"4": "limit; peak of a roof"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ព្រំ (prum, “limit; peak of a roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "བུང་བ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "སྦྲང་བུ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee, fly"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee, fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*s-b-(r/j)aŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee, fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“bee, fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蠅",
"2": "fly"
},
"expansion": "蠅 (OC *b·lɯŋ, “fly”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *plyum (Matisoff, STEDT)\nThis root is mainly attested in Old Chinese, Tibetan and Karenic branch of Tibeto-Burman.\nChinese has a large family of words written with characters belonging to 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ) phonetic series. Old Chinese 蜂 (OC *pʰoŋ) means exactly “bee, wasp”, while 鋒 (OC *pʰoŋ) indicates a “pointed weapon”. According to Schuessler (2007), the verb 縫 (OC *boŋ, “to sew”), and its exopassive nominal derivative 縫 (OC *boŋs, “seam”), are also related to this root. One may also consider Old Chinese 峰 (OC *pʰoŋ, “mountain peak”) as a member of this word family. Compare Khmer កំពូល (kɑmpuul, “summit, peak”) and Khmer ព្រំ (prum, “limit; peak of a roof”).\nTibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”) and Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee, fly”) belong to different roots (Coblin, 1986). The former should be listed here, while the latter originates from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“bee, fly”), whence Old Chinese 蠅 (OC *b·lɯŋ, “fly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*pljum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/pljum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bee"
],
"id": "en-pljum-sit-pro-noun-YsuBtZBK",
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wasp"
],
"id": "en-pljum-sit-pro-noun-lucmjYgk",
"links": [
[
"wasp",
"wasp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bee, fly",
"word": "s-b-(r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bee, fly",
"word": "j)aŋ"
}
],
"word": "pljum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"sit-pro:Animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "蜂 (fēng) /*pʰ(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"bee, wasp\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "鋒 /锋 (fēng) /*pʰ(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"point of a weapon\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*C.b(r)oŋ-s"
},
"expansion": "*C.b(r)oŋ-s",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"text": "縫 /缝 /*(mə-)b(r)oŋ/ (B-S), /*boŋ/ (ZS) (\"to sew\"); 縫 /缝 /*C.b(r)oŋ-s/ (B-S), /*boŋ-s/ (ZS) (\"seam\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "峰 (fēng) /*pʰoŋ/ (ZS) (\"summit, peak\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "བུང་བ",
"t": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karen: *phrɨNᴬ (“bee; wasp; hornet”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ဖျၢ",
"t": "wasp; hornet"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ဖျၢ (hpluh, “wasp; hornet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ဖျၢ (hpluh, “wasp; hornet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭",
"t": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭ (plūe, “bee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤕꤜꤢꤦ꤭ (plūe, “bee”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Animals"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "C"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夆",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夆 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蜂",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "蜂 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鋒"
},
"expansion": "鋒 (OC *pʰoŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "縫",
"2": "to sew",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "縫 (OC *boŋ, “to sew”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "縫",
"2": "seam",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "縫 (OC *boŋs, “seam”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "峰",
"2": "mountain peak"
},
"expansion": "峰 (OC *pʰoŋ, “mountain peak”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "កំពូល",
"3": "",
"4": "summit, peak"
},
"expansion": "Khmer កំពូល (kɑmpuul, “summit, peak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ព្រំ",
"3": "",
"4": "limit; peak of a roof"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ព្រំ (prum, “limit; peak of a roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "བུང་བ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "སྦྲང་བུ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee, fly"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee, fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*s-b-(r/j)aŋ",
"3": "",
"4": "bee, fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“bee, fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蠅",
"2": "fly"
},
"expansion": "蠅 (OC *b·lɯŋ, “fly”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *plyum (Matisoff, STEDT)\nThis root is mainly attested in Old Chinese, Tibetan and Karenic branch of Tibeto-Burman.\nChinese has a large family of words written with characters belonging to 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ) phonetic series. Old Chinese 蜂 (OC *pʰoŋ) means exactly “bee, wasp”, while 鋒 (OC *pʰoŋ) indicates a “pointed weapon”. According to Schuessler (2007), the verb 縫 (OC *boŋ, “to sew”), and its exopassive nominal derivative 縫 (OC *boŋs, “seam”), are also related to this root. One may also consider Old Chinese 峰 (OC *pʰoŋ, “mountain peak”) as a member of this word family. Compare Khmer កំពូល (kɑmpuul, “summit, peak”) and Khmer ព្រំ (prum, “limit; peak of a roof”).\nTibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”) and Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee, fly”) belong to different roots (Coblin, 1986). The former should be listed here, while the latter originates from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“bee, fly”), whence Old Chinese 蠅 (OC *b·lɯŋ, “fly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*pljum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/pljum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bee"
],
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wasp"
],
"links": [
[
"wasp",
"wasp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "bee, fly",
"word": "s-b-(r"
},
{
"english": "bee, fly",
"word": "j)aŋ"
}
],
"word": "pljum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pljum meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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