See peys- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pi-né-s-ti ~ *pi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pinášti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pinsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pinsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pinsō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pinsō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pinsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pinsō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-é-ti (zero-grade present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pištei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pištei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pištei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pist"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pist"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pìsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pìsti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьxati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьxati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peys-Hō ~ *pis-Hne-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*peisō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *peisō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *peisō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pīsō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pīsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pīsō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-e-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pišena"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pišena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pišena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьšenò"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьšenò",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьšenò (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*piṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिष्ट",
"t": "crushed, ground",
"tr": "piṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pištás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "pst'",
"t": "brown flour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: pst' (“brown flour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: pst' (“brown flour”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pistos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pistos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pistos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pistus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pistus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pistus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-tlo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pištram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pištram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pištram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pištram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀",
"g": "n",
"t": "bruise, injury"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 n (pištra, “bruise, injury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 n (pištra, “bruise, injury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pistlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pistlom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pistlom, *pistlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pīlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pīlum, pīla, Pīlumnus, pistillum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*póys-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*paiša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paiša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paiša"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "paišaĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: paišaĩ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: paišaĩ, paĩšos, piẽšos, puišaĩ, puĩšos, pišai; (perhaps) piešà; (perhaps) piẽšas, píešas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poys-to-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*páista"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *páista",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *páista"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìesta"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìesta, piests"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "piestà"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: piestà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: piestà, piẽstas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pěstъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pěstъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pěstъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτίσσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πτίσσω (ptíssō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the appearance of πτ- is unexplained"
},
"expansion": "(the appearance of πτ- is unexplained)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πτίσσω (ptíssō) (the appearance of πτ- is unexplained)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिष्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peys-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grind, to crush"
],
"id": "en-peys--ine-pro-root-g1ouG6aW",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "peys-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pi-né-s-ti ~ *pi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pinášti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pinsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pinsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pinsō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pinsō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pinsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pinsō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-é-ti (zero-grade present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pištei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pištei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pištei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pist"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pist"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pist"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pìsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pìsti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьxati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьxati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьxati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peys-Hō ~ *pis-Hne-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*peisō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *peisō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *peisō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pīsō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pīsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pīsō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-e-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pišena"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pišena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pišena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьšenò"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьšenò",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьšenò (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*piṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिष्ट",
"t": "crushed, ground",
"tr": "piṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pištás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "pst'",
"t": "brown flour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: pst' (“brown flour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: pst' (“brown flour”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pistos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pistos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pistos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pistus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pistus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pistus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pis-tlo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pištram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pištram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pištram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pištram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀",
"g": "n",
"t": "bruise, injury"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 n (pištra, “bruise, injury”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 n (pištra, “bruise, injury”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pistlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pistlom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pistlom, *pistlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pīlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pīlum, pīla, Pīlumnus, pistillum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*póys-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*paiša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paiša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paiša"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "paišaĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: paišaĩ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: paišaĩ, paĩšos, piẽšos, puišaĩ, puĩšos, pišai; (perhaps) piešà; (perhaps) piẽšas, píešas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poys-to-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*páista"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *páista",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *páista"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìesta"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìesta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìesta, piests"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "piestà"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: piestà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: piestà, piẽstas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pěstъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pěstъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pěstъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτίσσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πτίσσω (ptíssō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the appearance of πτ- is unexplained"
},
"expansion": "(the appearance of πτ- is unexplained)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πτίσσω (ptíssō) (the appearance of πτ- is unexplained)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिष्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peys-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to grind, to crush"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "peys-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for peys- meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.