See pcyn' on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پچین",
"tr": "pačin"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پچین (pačin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پچین (pačin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "პაჭენისი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: პაჭენისი (ṗač̣enisi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: პაჭენისი (ṗač̣enisi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պաճէն",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: պաճէն (pačēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: պաճէն (pačēn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*pati-",
"gloss": "against",
"pos": "preverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”, preverb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Durchschlag",
"3": "Durch-schlag"
},
"expansion": "German Durch-schlag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀντίγραφον",
"gloss": "copy",
"lit": "against-reading"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀντίγραφον (antígraphon, “copy”, literally “against-reading”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lego",
"gloss": "to gather; to read"
},
"expansion": "Latin lego (“to gather; to read”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέγω",
"gloss": "to gather; to say"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to gather; to say”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷",
"t": "answer, reply letter",
"ts": "pātčaγnē"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷 (pʾtcɣny /pātčaγnē/, “answer, reply letter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պատճէն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian պատճէն (patčēn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hbo",
"2": "פַּתְשֶׁגֶן",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paṯšéḡen"
},
"expansion": "Biblical Hebrew פַּתְשֶׁגֶן (paṯšéḡen, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "פַּרְשֶׁגֶן",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paršéḡen"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic פַּרְשֶׁגֶן (paršéḡen, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܦܪܫܓܢܐ",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paršaḡnāʾ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܓܢܐ (paršaḡnāʾ, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Cheung, composed of Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”, preverb) (see Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)) with the verbal root *čag- / *čak- (“to strike, hit”). The formation is similar to German Durch-schlag. Nyberg specifically reconstructs the development as *patšagn ← *pati-čagn- ← Old Iranian *patičag-niya-.\nOn the other hand, according to Müller, and following him Hübschmann, Ačaṙyan and Olsen, the word is going back to Old Iranian *patičayana- (literally “against-reading”), composed of the preverb *pati- (“against”) and the verbal root *čai- (“to gather, collect”). Typologically compare Ancient Greek ἀντίγραφον (antígraphon, “copy”, literally “against-reading”). For the sense development “to gather, collect” → “to read”, Müller compares Latin lego (“to gather; to read”), Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to gather; to say”).\nCognate with Sogdian 𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷 (pʾtcɣny /pātčaγnē/, “answer, reply letter”), which is usually derived from Old Iranian *pati-čagnaka-, as well as the following Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պատճէն (patčēn), պատճիկ (patčik), պաճիկ (pačik, “copy of an official letter”), Biblical Hebrew פַּתְשֶׁגֶן (paṯšéḡen, “copy”), Aramaic פַּרְשֶׁגֶן (paršéḡen, “copy”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܓܢܐ (paršaḡnāʾ, “copy”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "pačēn"
},
"expansion": "pcyn' • (pačēn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined language links",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "ham-pačēn",
"english": "wholly-copied",
"word": "hmpcyn'"
}
],
"glosses": [
"copy"
],
"id": "en-pcyn'-pal-noun-b1pgNOdw",
"links": [
[
"copy",
"copy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Book Pahlavi) copy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Pazend",
"word": "[Avestan needed]"
}
],
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi"
]
}
],
"word": "pcyn'"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "ham-pačēn",
"english": "wholly-copied",
"word": "hmpcyn'"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پچین",
"tr": "pačin"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پچین (pačin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پچین (pačin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "პაჭენისი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: პაჭენისი (ṗač̣enisi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: პაჭენისი (ṗač̣enisi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պաճէն",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: պաճէն (pačēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: պաճէն (pačēn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*pati-",
"gloss": "against",
"pos": "preverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”, preverb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Durchschlag",
"3": "Durch-schlag"
},
"expansion": "German Durch-schlag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀντίγραφον",
"gloss": "copy",
"lit": "against-reading"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀντίγραφον (antígraphon, “copy”, literally “against-reading”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lego",
"gloss": "to gather; to read"
},
"expansion": "Latin lego (“to gather; to read”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέγω",
"gloss": "to gather; to say"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to gather; to say”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷",
"t": "answer, reply letter",
"ts": "pātčaγnē"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷 (pʾtcɣny /pātčaγnē/, “answer, reply letter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պատճէն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian պատճէն (patčēn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hbo",
"2": "פַּתְשֶׁגֶן",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paṯšéḡen"
},
"expansion": "Biblical Hebrew פַּתְשֶׁגֶן (paṯšéḡen, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "פַּרְשֶׁגֶן",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paršéḡen"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic פַּרְשֶׁגֶן (paršéḡen, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܦܪܫܓܢܐ",
"gloss": "copy",
"tr": "paršaḡnāʾ"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܓܢܐ (paršaḡnāʾ, “copy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Cheung, composed of Proto-Iranian *pati- (“against”, preverb) (see Old Persian 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)) with the verbal root *čag- / *čak- (“to strike, hit”). The formation is similar to German Durch-schlag. Nyberg specifically reconstructs the development as *patšagn ← *pati-čagn- ← Old Iranian *patičag-niya-.\nOn the other hand, according to Müller, and following him Hübschmann, Ačaṙyan and Olsen, the word is going back to Old Iranian *patičayana- (literally “against-reading”), composed of the preverb *pati- (“against”) and the verbal root *čai- (“to gather, collect”). Typologically compare Ancient Greek ἀντίγραφον (antígraphon, “copy”, literally “against-reading”). For the sense development “to gather, collect” → “to read”, Müller compares Latin lego (“to gather; to read”), Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to gather; to say”).\nCognate with Sogdian 𐼾𐼰𐽂𐼿𐼲𐼻𐼷 (pʾtcɣny /pātčaγnē/, “answer, reply letter”), which is usually derived from Old Iranian *pati-čagnaka-, as well as the following Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պատճէն (patčēn), պատճիկ (patčik), պաճիկ (pačik, “copy of an official letter”), Biblical Hebrew פַּתְשֶׁגֶן (paṯšéḡen, “copy”), Aramaic פַּרְשֶׁגֶן (paršéḡen, “copy”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܓܢܐ (paršaḡnāʾ, “copy”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "pačēn"
},
"expansion": "pcyn' • (pačēn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian nouns",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Undetermined language links"
],
"glosses": [
"copy"
],
"links": [
[
"copy",
"copy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Book Pahlavi) copy"
],
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Pazend",
"word": "[Avestan needed]"
}
],
"word": "pcyn'"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pcyn' meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: pačēn",
"path": [
"pcyn'"
],
"section": "Middle Persian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pcyn'",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.