See p-wap on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 肺 /*pʰot-s/ (B-S), /*pʰobs/ (ZS) (\"lung\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 肺 phjojH (/pʰʉɐiᴴ/) (\"lung\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 肺 (fèi, /feɪ̯⁵¹/, “lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese: 肺 (/fɐi̯³³/, “lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Xiamen: 肺 (/hui²¹/, “lung”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Body parts"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "C"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "肺",
"2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*pʰoːc",
"3": "",
"4": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *pʰoːc (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổi"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phổi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "soh"
},
"expansion": "Chut soh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुप्फुस",
"3": "",
"4": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa, “lungs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुत्कार",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, hiss"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुत्कार (phutkāra, “to blow, hiss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुत्",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुत् (phut, “to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φυσάω",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, puff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φυσάω (phusáō, “to blow, puff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "bellows"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "གློ་བ",
"3": "",
"4": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan གློ་བ (glo ba, “lungs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*g-lwa-p"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lwa-p",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्लोमन्",
"3": "",
"4": "(right) lung"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्लोमन् (kloman, “(right) lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*pwɤtᴰ",
"3": "",
"4": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ปอด"
},
"expansion": "Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "bwt"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang bwt",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *p-wap (Matisoff, STEDT), *r/s/p-wap (Matisoff, 2003)\nThe aspirated initial of Old Chinese 肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”) is probably due to sound symbolism and it indicates breathing (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *pʰoːc (“lung”), possibly from an earlier *p-hoːc < *p-soːs / *p-hoːs, with an original fricative coda, as Vietnamese phổi and Chut soh seem to suggest (Ferlus, 2007). Similar examples of sound symbolism for words having to do with “breathing” and “wind” are also recognizable in Indo-European languages, cf. Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa, “lungs”), connected with Sanskrit फुत्कार (phutkāra, “to blow, hiss”), from the root Sanskrit फुत् (phut, “to blow”); and Ancient Greek φυσάω (phusáō, “to blow, puff”), from Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows”).\nTibetan གློ་བ (glo ba, “lungs”) may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lwa-p, an allofamic variant of this root (Matisoff, 2003), but it might also be a loan from Sanskrit क्लोमन् (kloman, “(right) lung”).\nSee also Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”), whence Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt) and Zhuang bwt, where the presence of the medial *-w- is explained by the fact that this word was borrowed in PT when it was already pronounced as *pʰuɑs (Pittayaporn, 2009).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*p-wap",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/p-wap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lung"
],
"id": "en-p-wap-sit-pro-noun-0Ix7c5~u",
"links": [
[
"lung",
"lung"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tsjwap"
},
{
"word": "s-map"
},
{
"word": "s-wap"
},
{
"word": "g-lwa-p"
},
{
"word": "ts(i"
},
{
"word": "u)-t"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "p-wap"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 肺 /*pʰot-s/ (B-S), /*pʰobs/ (ZS) (\"lung\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 肺 phjojH (/pʰʉɐiᴴ/) (\"lung\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 肺 (fèi, /feɪ̯⁵¹/, “lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese: 肺 (/fɐi̯³³/, “lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Xiamen: 肺 (/hui²¹/, “lung”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Body parts"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "C"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "肺",
"2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*pʰoːc",
"3": "",
"4": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *pʰoːc (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phổi"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phổi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "soh"
},
"expansion": "Chut soh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुप्फुस",
"3": "",
"4": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa, “lungs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुत्कार",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, hiss"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुत्कार (phutkāra, “to blow, hiss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फुत्",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit फुत् (phut, “to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φυσάω",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, puff"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φυσάω (phusáō, “to blow, puff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "bellows"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "གློ་བ",
"3": "",
"4": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan གློ་བ (glo ba, “lungs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*g-lwa-p"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lwa-p",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्लोमन्",
"3": "",
"4": "(right) lung"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्लोमन् (kloman, “(right) lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*pwɤtᴰ",
"3": "",
"4": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ปอด"
},
"expansion": "Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "bwt"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang bwt",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *p-wap (Matisoff, STEDT), *r/s/p-wap (Matisoff, 2003)\nThe aspirated initial of Old Chinese 肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”) is probably due to sound symbolism and it indicates breathing (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *pʰoːc (“lung”), possibly from an earlier *p-hoːc < *p-soːs / *p-hoːs, with an original fricative coda, as Vietnamese phổi and Chut soh seem to suggest (Ferlus, 2007). Similar examples of sound symbolism for words having to do with “breathing” and “wind” are also recognizable in Indo-European languages, cf. Sanskrit फुप्फुस (phupphusa, “lungs”), connected with Sanskrit फुत्कार (phutkāra, “to blow, hiss”), from the root Sanskrit फुत् (phut, “to blow”); and Ancient Greek φυσάω (phusáō, “to blow, puff”), from Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows”).\nTibetan གློ་བ (glo ba, “lungs”) may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lwa-p, an allofamic variant of this root (Matisoff, 2003), but it might also be a loan from Sanskrit क्लोमन् (kloman, “(right) lung”).\nSee also Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”), whence Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt) and Zhuang bwt, where the presence of the medial *-w- is explained by the fact that this word was borrowed in PT when it was already pronounced as *pʰuɑs (Pittayaporn, 2009).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*p-wap",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/p-wap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"sit-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"lung"
],
"links": [
[
"lung",
"lung"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tsjwap"
},
{
"word": "s-map"
},
{
"word": "s-wap"
},
{
"word": "g-lwa-p"
},
{
"word": "ts(i"
},
{
"word": "u)-t"
}
],
"word": "p-wap"
}
Download raw JSONL data for p-wap meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.