of

From Dutch of, from Middle Dutch of, ofte.


of

Wil je thee, of heb je liever koffie?

Do you want tea, or would you prefer coffee?

Ik weet niet of dat wel zo'n goed idee is.

I don't know if that's such a good idea.

Je kan kiezen: of je bent stil, of je vertrekt.

You can choose: either you stay quiet, or you get out.

Ik weet niet of ik moet vertrekken of dat ik het haar moet uitleggen.

I don't know whether I should leave or I should explain it to her.

Afrikaans: of

Jersey Dutch: ov, of

Negerhollands: of

→ Ambonese Malay: of

→ Aukan: ofu

→ Manado Malay: of

→ Papiamentu: òf, of

From Middle Dutch of, ofte. In Middle Dutch the two words merged; the form of derives from Old Dutch of, from Proto-Germanic *jabai.


of

Take the chicken out of the freezer.

Sir said Galahad by this shelde ben many merueils fallen / Sir sayd the knyght hit befelle after the passion of our lord Ihesu Crist xxxij yere that Ioseph of Armathye the gentyl knyghte / the whiche took doune oure lord of the hooly Crosse att that tyme he departed from Iherusalem with a grete party of his kynred with hym

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIII:

Sir, said Galahad, by this shield many marvels have fallen / Sir, said the knight, it befell after the passion of our lord Jesus Christ, year 32, when Joseph of Arimathea, the gentile knight, / took down our lord of the holy Cross. At that time, he departed from Jerusalem with a great party of his kindred with him

Against headache, vertigo, vapours which ascend forth of the stomach to molest the head, read Hercules de Saxonia and others.

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 3, member 5, subsection 2:

(now obsolete or dialectal, except in phrases) From (a place); off.

Expressing distance or motion.
From (a place); off.

He hasn't been well of late.

And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, of a chylde.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark:

one that I brought vp of a puppy […] I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:

Obama has been obliged to make nice of late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.

2010 July 29, Simon Tisdall, The Guardian:

(obsolete except in phrases) Since, from (a given time, earlier state etc.).

Since, from (a given time, earlier state etc.).

There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.

Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.

There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.

From, away from (a position, number, distance etc.).

Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.

And ther with on his handes and on his knees he wente soo nyghe that he touched the holy vessel / and kyste hit / and anone he was hole / and thenne he sayd lord god I thanke the / for I am helyd of this sekenesse

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xviij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIII:

And there, with his hands and on his knees, he got so close that he touched the holy vessel / and kissed it / and he was whole straight away / and then he said: lord God, I thank thee / for I am healed of this sickness

Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him […]

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter I, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.

In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."

Indicating removal, absence or separation, with the action indicated by a transitive verb and the quality or substance by a grammatical object.

He seemed devoid of human feelings.

But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful […]

Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.

2010 October 31, Stuart James, The Guardian:

Indicating removal, absence or separation, with resulting state indicated by an adjective.

He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered of his wounds.

1822, Jacob Bailey Moore, New Hampshire, volume 1, page 5:

(obsolete) Indicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an intransitive verb.

Indicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an intransitive verb.

intransitive verb
intransitive verb#English

The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.

They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts:

My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.

Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.

2010, “The Cost of Repair”, in The Economist:

Indicating an ancestral source or origin of descent.

Jesus of Nazareth (after hometown)

Anselm of Canterbury (after diocese)

Anselm of Aosta (after birthplace)

Anselm of Bec (after monastery)

Pedro II of Brazil (after dominion)

Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester (after place of residence)

Introducing an epithet that indicates a birthplace, residence, dominion, or other place associated with the individual.

The invention was born of necessity.

Faire knyght said Palomydes me semeth we haue assayed eyther other passyng sore / and yf hit may please the / I requyre the of thy knyghthode telle me thy name / Sir said the knyȝt to Palomydes / that is me loth to doo / for thou hast done me wronge.

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter XIX, in Le Morte Darthur, book X:

Fair knight, said Palamedes, seems to me we have assayed, either other passing sore / and if it may please thee / I request thee, of thy knighthood, tell me thy name / Sir, said the knight to Palamedes, / I am loath to do that / for thou hast done me wrong.

Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.

The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.

2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, The Guardian:

Indicating a (non-physical) source of action or emotion; introducing a cause, instigation; from, out of, as an expression of.

It is said that she died of a broken heart.

He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.

2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species:

Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.

2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, The Guardian:

(following an intransitive verb) Indicates the source or cause of the verb.

Indicates the source or cause of the verb.

I am tired of all this nonsense.

Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.

2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist:

Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.

2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds:

(following an adjective) Indicates the subject or cause of the adjective.

Indicates the subject or cause of the adjective.

I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.

After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.

[S]he might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.

The family is ordained of God.

1995, The Family: A Proclamation to the World, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints:

Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.

2008 March 27, “Selling rhythm to the world”, in The Economist:

(following a passive verb) Indicates the agent (for most verbs, now usually expressed with by).

Indicates the agent (for most verbs, now usually expressed with by).

The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.

In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.

1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136:

Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.

2009 December 28, “Head to head”, in The Economist:

Used to introduce the "subjective genitive"; following a noun to form the head of a postmodifying noun phrase (see also 'Possession' senses below).

subjective genitive
w:subjective genitive

It was very brave of you to speak out like that.

When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."

1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:

Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.

2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian:

(following an adjective) Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.

Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.

Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.

The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end […]

1846 February, Henry Melville, Typee […] : A Peep at Polynesian Life, London: John Murray:

(after a verb expressing construction, making etc.) Used to indicate the material or substance used.

Used to indicate the material or substance used.

She wore a dress of silk.

Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.

2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, The Guardian:

It's 25km of rolling pitch from the start of the 175 to Nansi. If you want to continue riding through more undeveloped natural landscape, head up the east side of Tsengwen Reservoir.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 253:

(directly following a noun) Used to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.

Used to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.

I'll have a dozen of those apples, please.

What a lot of nonsense!

His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents […].

1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC:

He is never chased; he would run away with rope-walks of line.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter XXXII, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 153:

I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.

2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:

Indicating the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun.

Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.

This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop […].

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.

2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, The Guardian:

Used to link a given class of things with a specific example of that class.

I'm not driving this wreck of a car.

As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.

1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension:

"I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.

2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, The Guardian:

Links two nouns in near-apposition, with the first qualifying the second; "which is also".

I'm always thinking of you.

[H]e spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him […]

You must not judge of Celia's feeling from mine. I think she likes these small pets.

1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter III, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book I, page 44:

while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).

2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, The Guardian:

Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to.

He told us the story of his journey to India.

Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.

(following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)) Introduces its subject matter; about, concerning.

Introduces its subject matter; about, concerning.

following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)

This behaviour is typical of teenagers.

The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

(following an adjective) Introduces its subject matter.

Introducing subject matter.
Introduces its subject matter.

Most of these apples are rotten.

But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “lviij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book X:

But as for me, said Sir Gareth, I do not meddle their matters, therefore none of them loves me / And, since I understand they are murderers of good knights, I left their company.

The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death […]

1788, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:

Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.

2010 November 10, Michael Wood, The Guardian:

(following a number or other quantitive word) Introduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified part or segment; "from among".

Introduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified part or segment; "from among".

following a number or other quantitive word

We want a larger slice of the cake.

everyone, even the ladies of the village, called the dish tzigayner shmeklekh, or “gypsies' penises.”

2005, Naomi Wolf, The Treehouse, page 58:

That, I think, is the buried core of the outrage people feel most generally.

(following a noun) Indicates a given part.

Having partitive effect.
Indicates a given part.

On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.

And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains / My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, […]

1819, John Keats, “Ode to a Nightingale”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 107:

Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door […]

1846, James Fenimore Cooper, The Redskins:

(now archaic, literary, with preceding partitive word assumed, or as a predicate after to be) Some, an amount of, one of.

Having partitive effect.
Some, an amount of, one of.

He is a friend of mine.

He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.

1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, section IV:

In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.

2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, The Guardian:

double possessive
double possessive#English

Links to a genitive noun or possessive pronoun, with partitive effect (though now often merged with possessive senses, below; see also double possessive).

He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.

The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:

Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.

Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.

2003 August 20, Julian Borger, The Guardian:

Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above.

The owner of the nightclub was arrested.

In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 […]

The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin […]

2001, Dictionary of National Biography, page 27:

Belonging to (a place) through having title, ownership or control over it.

Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.

The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs […]

1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4:

It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.

2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, The Guardian:

Belonging to (someone or something) as something they possess or have as a characteristic; the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this intersects with the subjective genitive, above under "agency" senses.)

She had a profound distrust of the police.

And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 4::

Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.

Follows an agent noun, verbal noun or noun of action.

My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.

He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.

Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.

2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, The Guardian:

Expressing qualities or characteristics.

(archaic or literary) Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards.

Expressing qualities or characteristics.

Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards.

Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.

His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.

1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery:

No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.

1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science:

Indicates a quality or characteristic; "characterized by".

We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.

She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.

1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday, published 1924, page 4:

A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.

1996, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Principles of Physics, published 2006, page 428:

It's not that big of a deal.

Such hegemonic projects often appropriate certain local traditions and re-inscribe them as "national," while dismissing other traditions which pose too great of a threat to the reproduction of the existing socio-political order.

1990, Mary Crain, “The Social Construction of National Identity in Highland Ecuador”, in Anthropological Quarterly, volume 61, number 1, page 43:

For some individuals, even 1000 calories/day may be too great of a deficit.

1998, Lyle McDonald, The Ketogenic Diet: A Complete Guide for the Dieter and Practitioner, page 98:

While it is quite obvious that the state continues to try and dilute the voting power of Native Americans, at least as big of a challenge is the need for mobilizing Native American voters.

2017, Jean Reith Schroedel, Artour Aslanian, “A Case Study of Descriptive Representation: The Experience of Native American Elected Officials in South Dakota”, in American Indian Quarterly, volume 41, number 3, page 278:

(US, informal, considered incorrect by some) Used to link singular indefinite nouns (preceded by the indefinite article) and attributive adjectives modified by certain common adverbs of degree.

Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.

For, sometimes of an afternoon when Miss Pupford has been reading the paper through her little gold eye-glass[…], she has become agitated, […]

1861, Charles Dickens, “Tom Tiddler’s Ground. Chapter VI. Picking Up Miss Kimmeens.”, in Christmas Stories […] (The Works of Charles Dickens; XV), de luxe edition, London: Chapman and Hall, published 1881, →OCLC, page 242:

If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday […]

1897 October 16, Henry James, What Maisie Knew, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Herbert S. Stone & Co., →OCLC:

(chiefly regional) During the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity.

During the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity.

I’ve not taken her out of a goodly long while.

(UK, dialectal, chiefly in the negative) For (a given length of time).

Expressing a point in time.
For (a given length of time).

After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.

The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.

(after a noun) Indicates duration of a state, activity etc.

Indicates duration of a state, activity etc.

I’ll be ready at ten of two

What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

I'll be ready by five of noon.

"Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning […]"

1940 June 17, “Little Bull Booed”, in Time:

Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 194:

(chiefly US) Before (the hour); to (the hour).

Expressing a point in time.
Before (the hour); to (the hour).

I’ll be ready at ten of

I’ll be ready at 1:50, or 2:50, or whatever time ending in 50 makes most sense in context.

Wednesday was more of the same. Out at 08:30, got to the office by quarter of, clients all day.

2022 May 16, Ariel Levine, 09:20 from the start, in Giancarlo Esposito, director, Better Call Saul S6E6: Axe and Grind (TV series), spoken by Private Investigator (Lennie Loftin):

Expressing a point in time.
Before (the hour); to (the hour).
Often used without the hour

genitive construction (إِضَافَة (ʔiḍāfa)) is used – i.e. the thing owned is followed by the owner in the genitive case

...之

in classical Chinese and in set expressions

possessive construction (a son of a teacher = mab dyskador; the son of a/the teacher = mab a dhyskador; a/the son of the teacher = mab an dyskador)

-ja/-je (attached to property instead of owner, e.g. Péter autója)

-nak/-nek (dative) (used together with -ja/-je, e.g. Péternek az autója)

rumah Andi

possessor is simply placed after the possession

izāfa

اِضافَہ (izāfa)

de

connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified

de (not used with quantifiers like todo, nem todo, para todo)

subjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject

genitive construction is used - the verbal noun is followed by the subject in the genitive case

van

objective genitive: connecting action noun with object

genitive construction used - a verbal noun is modified by the object in the genitive

a verbal noun is modified by the object in the genitive case

-lainen (applied to place name, in all cases but dominion; for dominions, place dominion before name in genitive case)

an adjectival form of the epithet is often used

alternatively the epithet is in the genitive case

de or with a construction using the adjectival suffix -a

genitive case or nominative + -(с)ы/(с)і izafet

the example of a class can be used in the genitive modifying the class

i

(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)

он минут ж.б.с.> қалды/бар

-ğa/ge <ширек, он минут ж.б.с.> qaldy/bar

туларга <(унбиш минут һ.б.ш.)>

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *ab
Old English æf
Old English of
Middle English of
English of
From Middle English of, from Old English of (“from, out of, off”), an unstressed form of æf, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away; away from”). Doublet of off, which is the stressed descendant of the same Old English word. More at off.

etymon

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *ab
Old English æf
Old English of
Middle English of
English of

ov (alternative)
o (alternative)
o' (alternative)
a (alternative)


of

I have refrained from giving many details which I might of done, from feelings of delicacy; indeed, they were of so dark and dreadful a nature, that I could do no more than hint at them

1846, Linus Wilson Miller, Notes of an Exile to Van Dieman's Land (McKinstry: Fredonia, NY) p. 367

"I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitus out."

1926, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Penguin, published 2000, page 33:

‘You must of left your door unlocked. Or even open.’

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 87:

"You couldn't of known," Livio says.

1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 340:

(usually in modal perfect constructions) Eye dialect spelling of have or ’ve, chiefly in depictions of colloquial speech.

A spelling of /əv/ influenced by Etymology 1.


of

(Stenoscript) Abbreviation of off, often


of

From Middle Low German af, from Old Saxon af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab. More at off.


of

Ég er of falleg.

I am too beautiful. (referring to a woman)

Ég er of fallegur.

I am too beautiful. (referring to a man)

From Old Norse of-, from Proto-Germanic *uber. The original full form is seen in the prefixed form ofur- (“overly, super, very”). Related to yfir (“above”) and ofan (“from above”).


of

勇者オブ勇者の○○さん

キモいofキモい

(informal) Used to express that one is an exemplar.


of

From Middle High German af, ave, from Old High German ava, northern variant of aba, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab.
Cognate with German ab, Dutch af, English of and off. The expected Luxembourgish forms are af (< af) and uef (< ave). The form of was probably formed as a compromise between both variants. Otherwise it would imply an irregularly lengthened Middle High German *āf, *āve.

af (alternative dialectal)
uef (alternative dialectal)


of

Dutch: of

Limburgish: óf


of

Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, lines 1–3:

When in April the sweet showers fall
That pierce the drought of March to the root and all

ofe (alternative)
offe (alternative)
hof (alternative)
ove (alternative)
ob (alternative)
om (alternative)
oþ (alternative)

English: of

Scots: o, o'

Yola: ov, of, af, av

From Old English of, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away; away from”).


of

English: off

Scots: aff


of

An alteration of oth, from Old English oþ.


of

Apheresis of thof, a variation of though, from Old English þēah.


of

Middle Dutch: of


of

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Đā ġelǣredan ne beðurfon þyssera bōca, forðan ðe him mæġ heora āgen lār genihtsumian. Iċ cweðe nū þæt iċ næfre heonon forð ne āwende godspel oððe godspeltrahtas of Lēdene on Englisċ.

The learned have no need of these books, for their own learning will suffice. I say now that henceforth, I will never translate a gospel or a gospel-commentary from Latin into English.

Hē is of þām ilcan wīċe swā iċ.

Of þām ǣġe crēap ān lȳtel and swīðe hungriġ trēowwyrm.

Out of the egg came a tiny and very hungry caterpillar.

The Life of Saint Margaret
Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.

I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.

late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Swā swā fiscas cwelaþ gif hīe of wætre bēoþ, swā ēac cwileþ ǣlċ eorðliċ līchama gif hē biþ þǣre lyfte bedǣled.

Just as fish die if they're out of the water, every land animal dies if it is deprived of air.

late 10th century, Ælfric, Esther
Sē cyning slīepte his bēag of.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. John the Baptist"
"Eal his reaf wæs awefen of olfendes hǽrum, his bigleofa wæs stiðlic; ne dranc he wines drenc, ne nanes gemencgedes wætan, ne gebrowenes: ofet hine fedde, and wude-hunig, and oðre waclice ðigena."

"All his garment was woven of camel's hair, his food was coarse; he drank not drink of wine, nor of any mixed or prepared fluid: fruit fed him and wood-honey, and other common things."

Middle English: of

Scots: o

English: of


of

(archaic, poetic) over, above [with dative or accusative]


of

of + barmr (“bosom”) + -i (“agent suffix”) → of barmi (“brother”, literally “of the same bosom; co-bosomer”)

(archaic, poetic) indicates association or togetherness; co-

[…] Ok sikling / svigðis geira

c. 850, Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 1]

[…] And the windless wave of the spears of the bull [HORNS > MEAD] was to destroy the prince.

(archaic, poetic) indicates completeness or wholeness. In verbs, also indicates perfectivity (a finished action)

Unclear, but totally overtook the function of g-, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ga-.


of

used for expressing pain, bitterness, regret; despair; abhorrence, disgust; admiration, enthusiasm; wonder, surprise


of

oof (often expressing that some task requires great effort)

ouch (used both for literally and emotionally painful situations)

ugh (expressing disgust or strong dismay)


of

ofs (plural)
of (nominative singular)
ofs (nominative plural)
ofa (genitive singular)
ofas (genitive plural)
ofe (dative singular)
ofes (dative plural)
ofi (accusative singular)
ofis (accusative plural)


of

From Old Frisian jef, from Proto-Germanic *jabai.


of

Muskawn of buthther.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 58:

To his sweethearth, an smack lick a dab of a brough.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

To his sweetheart, and smacked like a slap of a shoe.