See napš- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "napištum",
"alt": "𒍣",
"tr": "napištum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒍣 (napištum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒍣 (napištum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "نَفْس"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: نَفْس (nafs)\nMaltese: nifs\n→ Azerbaijani: nəfəs\n→ Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)\n→ Baluchi: نپس (napas)\n→ Khalaj: nəfəs\n→ Malay: nafas\nIndonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian\n→ Amahai: napas\n→ Tausug: napas\n→ Persian: نفس (nafas)\n→ Swahili: nafasi\n→ Ottoman Turkish: نفس (nefes)\n> Turkish: nefes (inherited)\n→ Uyghur: نەپەس (nepes)\n→ Uzbek: nafas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: نَفْس (nafs)\nMaltese: nifs\n→ Azerbaijani: nəfəs\n→ Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)\n→ Baluchi: نپس (napas)\n→ Khalaj: nəfəs\n→ Malay: nafas\nIndonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian\n→ Amahai: napas\n→ Tausug: napas\n→ Persian: نفس (nafas)\n→ Swahili: nafasi\n→ Ottoman Turkish: نفس (nefes)\n> Turkish: nefes (inherited)\n→ Uyghur: نەپەس (nepes)\n→ Uzbek: nafas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "נַפְשָׁא",
"tr": "nap̄šā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic: נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)\nClassical Syriac: ܢܲܦܼܫܵܐ (nap̄šā)\nLishana Deni: נושא (nōšā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic: נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)\nClassical Syriac: ܢܲܦܼܫܵܐ (nap̄šā)\nLishana Deni: נושא (nōšā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "נֶפֶשׁ",
"tr": "néfesh, nép̄eš"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh, nép̄eš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh, nép̄eš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎐𐎔𐎌",
"ts": "napšu"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩬𐩰𐩪"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩬𐩰𐩪 (nfs¹)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩬𐩰𐩪 (nfs¹)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "am",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Amharic: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Amharic: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "agj",
"2": "ነፍስ",
"tr": "näfs"
},
"expansion": "Argobba: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Argobba: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gez",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Ge'ez: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ge'ez: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "har",
"2": "ነፍሲ",
"tr": "näfsi"
},
"expansion": "Harari: ነፍሲ (näfsi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harari: ነፍሲ (näfsi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgw",
"2": "ነፍስ",
"tr": "näfs"
},
"expansion": "Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ti",
"2": "ነፍሲ"
},
"expansion": "Tigrinya: ነፍሲ (näfsi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigrinya: ነፍሲ (näfsi), stem nǝss- found in personal pronouns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tig",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Tigre: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigre: ነፍስ (näfs)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "napšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*napš- f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/napš-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"life"
],
"id": "en-napš--sem-pro-noun-Y71wZe8e",
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 61 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 78 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 86 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-napš--sem-pro-noun-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soul"
],
"id": "en-napš--sem-pro-noun-rg-szPCj",
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"personality"
],
"id": "en-napš--sem-pro-noun-8EbPstB4",
"links": [
[
"personality",
"personality"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "napš-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Semitic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Semitic lemmas",
"Proto-Semitic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "napištum",
"alt": "𒍣",
"tr": "napištum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒍣 (napištum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒍣 (napištum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "نَفْس"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: نَفْس (nafs)\nMaltese: nifs\n→ Azerbaijani: nəfəs\n→ Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)\n→ Baluchi: نپس (napas)\n→ Khalaj: nəfəs\n→ Malay: nafas\nIndonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian\n→ Amahai: napas\n→ Tausug: napas\n→ Persian: نفس (nafas)\n→ Swahili: nafasi\n→ Ottoman Turkish: نفس (nefes)\n> Turkish: nefes (inherited)\n→ Uyghur: نەپەس (nepes)\n→ Uzbek: nafas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: نَفْس (nafs)\nMaltese: nifs\n→ Azerbaijani: nəfəs\n→ Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)\n→ Baluchi: نپس (napas)\n→ Khalaj: nəfəs\n→ Malay: nafas\nIndonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian\n→ Amahai: napas\n→ Tausug: napas\n→ Persian: نفس (nafas)\n→ Swahili: nafasi\n→ Ottoman Turkish: نفس (nefes)\n> Turkish: nefes (inherited)\n→ Uyghur: نەپەس (nepes)\n→ Uzbek: nafas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "נַפְשָׁא",
"tr": "nap̄šā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic: נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)\nClassical Syriac: ܢܲܦܼܫܵܐ (nap̄šā)\nLishana Deni: נושא (nōšā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic: נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)\nClassical Syriac: ܢܲܦܼܫܵܐ (nap̄šā)\nLishana Deni: נושא (nōšā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "נֶפֶשׁ",
"tr": "néfesh, nép̄eš"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh, nép̄eš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh, nép̄eš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎐𐎔𐎌",
"ts": "napšu"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩬𐩰𐩪"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩬𐩰𐩪 (nfs¹)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩬𐩰𐩪 (nfs¹)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "am",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Amharic: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Amharic: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "agj",
"2": "ነፍስ",
"tr": "näfs"
},
"expansion": "Argobba: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Argobba: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gez",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Ge'ez: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ge'ez: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "har",
"2": "ነፍሲ",
"tr": "näfsi"
},
"expansion": "Harari: ነፍሲ (näfsi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harari: ነፍሲ (näfsi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgw",
"2": "ነፍስ",
"tr": "näfs"
},
"expansion": "Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፍስ (näfs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ti",
"2": "ነፍሲ"
},
"expansion": "Tigrinya: ነፍሲ (näfsi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigrinya: ነፍሲ (näfsi), stem nǝss- found in personal pronouns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tig",
"2": "ነፍስ"
},
"expansion": "Tigre: ነፍስ (näfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigre: ነፍስ (näfs)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "napšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšātim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "napšī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "napšVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*napš- f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/napš-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"life"
],
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soul"
],
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"personality"
],
"links": [
[
"personality",
"personality"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "napš-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for napš- meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.