"mečь" meaning in All languages combined

See mečь on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: Unknown. In the past usually believed to be borrowed from Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), from Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz. However, this idea is rejected by modern etymologists e.g. Pronk-Tiethoff, Boryś, ESSJa, because the vowels don't match (*měčь expected). Only Derksen recognizes the possibility of borrowing. Relation with Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”), Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”), Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”) was also suggested, but vowels are still problematic. Relation with Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”) or Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn) is also unlikely. Per Pronk-Tiethoff and Boryś: borrowing from unknown source. Per Petri Kallio Germanic and Slavic words are Wanderworts. Per ESSJa: Slavic and Germanic words are borrowed from Celtic, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”) (cf. Proto-Celtic *mikneti > Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”), Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”). Other propositions include: back-formation from Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”), relation with Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”), or with Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”), μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger”). Etymology templates: {{unknown|sla-pro}} Unknown, {{cog|got|𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃}} Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), {{cog|gem-pro|*mēkijaz}} Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz, {{cog|ka|მახვილი|t=sword}} Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”), {{cog|udi|мех|t=sickle}} Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”), {{cog|lez|мaх|t=iron}} Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”), {{cog|ddo|мачӀа|t=sword}} Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”), {{cog|pal|tr=magēn}} Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn), {{cog|cel-pro||*mik-n-|t=to sparkle, shine}} Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”), {{cog|cel-pro|*mikneti}} Proto-Celtic *mikneti, {{cog|sga|domeiccethar|t=to despise}} Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”), {{cog|cy|dirmygu|t=to disdain, scorn, spurn}} Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”), {{cog|ine-pro|*meyk-|t=to twinkle, blink}} Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”), {{glossary|back-formation}} back-formation, {{cog|sla-pro|*metati|t=to throw}} Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”), {{cog|la|mactō|t=to kill, slaughter}} Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”), {{cog|grc|μᾰ́χη|t=battle, combat}} Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|mečь|ap=b}} Forms: mèčь [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], mèčь [nominative, singular], mečà [dual, nominative], mečì [nominative, plural], mečà [genitive, singular], mečù [dual, genitive], mèčь [genitive, plural], mečù [dative, singular], mečèma [dative, dual], mèčemъ [dative, plural], mèčь [accusative, singular], mečà [accusative, dual], mečę̇̀ [accusative, plural], mečь̀mь [instrumental, singular], mečèmь [instrumental, singular], mečèma [dual, instrumental], mèči [instrumental, plural], mečì [locative, singular], mečù [dual, locative], mèčixъ [locative, plural], meču [singular, vocative], mečà [dual, vocative], mečì [plural, vocative]
  1. sword Wikipedia link: ESSJa, Oleg Trubachyov, Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: mь̀čь (english: newer form) Derived forms: mečikъ [masculine], mečišče [neuter], mečьnica [feminine], mečьnikъ [masculine], mečevъ, mečьnъ

Download JSON data for mečь meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "мечь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: мечь (mečĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: мечь (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: меч (mječ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: меч (mječ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: меч (meč); міч (mič) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: мечь (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰿⰵⱍⱐ (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckm",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "mȅč",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mȅč",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mȅč"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mȅč (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: mȅč (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "mjac"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: mjac",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: mjac"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "mječ"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: mječ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: mječ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*mēkijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "მახვილი",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udi",
        "2": "мех",
        "t": "sickle"
      },
      "expansion": "Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lez",
        "2": "мaх",
        "t": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ddo",
        "2": "мачӀа",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "magēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*mik-n-",
        "t": "to sparkle, shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*mikneti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mikneti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "domeiccethar",
        "t": "to despise"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "dirmygu",
        "t": "to disdain, scorn, spurn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*meyk-",
        "t": "to twinkle, blink"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "back-formation"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*metati",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mactō",
        "t": "to kill, slaughter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μᾰ́χη",
        "t": "battle, combat"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. In the past usually believed to be borrowed from Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), from Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz. However, this idea is rejected by modern etymologists e.g. Pronk-Tiethoff, Boryś, ESSJa, because the vowels don't match (*měčь expected). Only Derksen recognizes the possibility of borrowing.\nRelation with Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”), Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”), Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”) was also suggested, but vowels are still problematic. Relation with Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”) or Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn) is also unlikely.\nPer Pronk-Tiethoff and Boryś: borrowing from unknown source. Per Petri Kallio Germanic and Slavic words are Wanderworts.\nPer ESSJa: Slavic and Germanic words are borrowed from Celtic, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”) (cf. Proto-Celtic *mikneti > Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”), Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”).\nOther propositions include: back-formation from Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”), relation with Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”), or with Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”), μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečę̇̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečь̀mь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèči",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meču",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mečь",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mečь",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mečikъ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "mečišče"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mečьnica"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mečьnikъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "mečevъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "mečьnъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sword"
      ],
      "id": "en-mečь-sla-pro-noun-pExHse4k",
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "newer form",
          "word": "mь̀čь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ESSJa",
        "Oleg Trubachyov",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "mečь"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mečikъ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mečišče"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mečьnica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mečьnikъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "mečevъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "mečьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "мечь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: мечь (mečĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: мечь (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: меч (mječ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: меч (mječ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: меч (meč); міч (mič) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: мечь (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰿⰵⱍⱐ (mečĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "меч"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: меч (meč)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: меч (meč)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckm",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "mȅč",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mȅč",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mȅč"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: mȅč (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: mȅč (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "miecz"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: miecz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: miecz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "meč"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: meč",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: meč"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "mjac"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: mjac",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: mjac"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "mječ"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: mječ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: mječ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*mēkijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "მახვილი",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udi",
        "2": "мех",
        "t": "sickle"
      },
      "expansion": "Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lez",
        "2": "мaх",
        "t": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ddo",
        "2": "мачӀа",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "magēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*mik-n-",
        "t": "to sparkle, shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*mikneti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mikneti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "domeiccethar",
        "t": "to despise"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "dirmygu",
        "t": "to disdain, scorn, spurn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*meyk-",
        "t": "to twinkle, blink"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "back-formation"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*metati",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mactō",
        "t": "to kill, slaughter"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μᾰ́χη",
        "t": "battle, combat"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. In the past usually believed to be borrowed from Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), from Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz. However, this idea is rejected by modern etymologists e.g. Pronk-Tiethoff, Boryś, ESSJa, because the vowels don't match (*měčь expected). Only Derksen recognizes the possibility of borrowing.\nRelation with Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”), Udi мех (meχ, “sickle”), Lezgi мaх (maχ, “iron”) was also suggested, but vowels are still problematic. Relation with Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”) or Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn) is also unlikely.\nPer Pronk-Tiethoff and Boryś: borrowing from unknown source. Per Petri Kallio Germanic and Slavic words are Wanderworts.\nPer ESSJa: Slavic and Germanic words are borrowed from Celtic, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”) (cf. Proto-Celtic *mikneti > Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”), Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”).\nOther propositions include: back-formation from Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”), relation with Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”), or with Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mákhē, “battle, combat”), μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčemъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečę̇̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečь̀mь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečèma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèči",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mèčixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "meču",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mečì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mečь",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mečь",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "sla-pro:Weapons"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sword"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ESSJa",
        "Oleg Trubachyov",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "newer form",
      "word": "mь̀čь"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mečь"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.