See maθkwa on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plains Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arp",
"2": "woxᵘ"
},
"expansion": "Arapaho: woxᵘ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arapaho: woxᵘ/wox (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ats",
"2": "was",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Gros Ventre: was (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gros Ventre: was (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Great Lakes:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alq",
"2": "makwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Algonquin: makwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Algonquin: makwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mia",
"2": "mahkwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Miami: mahkwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miami: mahkwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "makwa",
"t": "bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Ojibwe: makwa (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ojibwe: makwa (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "mko",
"t": "bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Ottawa: mko (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottawa: mko (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjw",
"2": "",
"alt": "m'kwa"
},
"expansion": "Shawnee: m'kwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shawnee: m'kwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cree:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crk",
"2": "maskwa",
"3": "ᒪᐢᑿ",
"t2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Plains Cree: maskwa, ᒪᐢᑿ (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plains Cree: maskwa, ᒪᐢᑿ (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Montagnais-Naskapi:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crj",
"2": "ᒪᔅᒄ"
},
"expansion": "Southern East Cree: ᒪᔅᒄ (maskw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern East Cree: ᒪᔅᒄ (maskw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moe",
"2": "mashkᵘ"
},
"expansion": "Montagnais: mashkᵘ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Montagnais: mashkᵘ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atj",
"2": "masko"
},
"expansion": "Atikamekw: masko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Atikamekw: masko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sac",
"2": "mahkwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Fox: mahkwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fox: mahkwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wam",
"2": "moshq"
},
"expansion": "Massachusett: moshq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Massachusett: moshq / moskq / masq (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Delaware:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "màxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Unami: màxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Unami: màxkw (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umu",
"2": "máxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Munsee: máxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munsee: máxkw (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjy",
"2": "muxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Mahican: muxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mahican: muxkw (“bear”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alg-pro",
"2": "aql-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Algic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiy",
"2": "bókw",
"3": "",
"4": "black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Wiyot bókw (“black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sio-pro",
"2": "*wątxó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Siouan *wątxó",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhq",
"2": "wątóʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Mandan wątóʔ (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lkt",
"2": "matȟó",
"3": "matȟó, mątȟó",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Lakota matȟó, mątȟó (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iow",
"2": "mąthó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Chiwere mąthó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "win",
"2": "mąčó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Winnebago mąčó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oma",
"2": "mąčhó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Omaha-Ponca mąčhó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ksk",
"2": "mičhó",
"3": "",
"4": "polar bear"
},
"expansion": "Kansa mičhó (“polar bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osa",
"2": "mįchó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Osage mįchó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qua",
"2": "mąthó"
},
"expansion": "Quapaw mąthó",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Algic [Term?]; probably cognate to Wiyot bókw (“black bear (Ursus americanus)”).\nGuillaume Jacques speculates that Proto-Siouan *wątxó is a borrowing of this word, either from Proto-Algonquian per se or from a predecessor of it (Proto-Algic). (Note that \"Proto-Siouan did not have a contrast between oral and nasal consonants: *wą was realised [as] *[mã].\") Compare Mandan wątóʔ (“bear”), Lakota matȟó, mątȟó (“bear”), Chiwere mąthó (“grizzly bear”), Winnebago mąčó (“grizzly bear”), Omaha-Ponca mąčhó (“grizzly bear”), Kansa mičhó (“polar bear”), Osage mįchó (“grizzly bear”), Quapaw mąthó/mąčhó (“grizzly bear”). The apparent oddity of Siouan (which is now concentrated in the west) borrowing a term for a western animal from Algonquian (now concentrated in the east) is explained by the location of the languages at the time of the borrowing; the Proto-Siouan Urheimat was in the east, while the Proto-Algic Urheimat was in the west.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alg-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*maθkwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Algonquian",
"lang_code": "alg-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/maθkwa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kansa terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Algonquian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"id": "en-maθkwa-alg-pro-noun-vJi7UOgJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "white bear, polar bear",
"word": "wa·paθkwa"
},
{
"english": "male bear",
"word": "na·pe·θkwa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"topics": [
"orthography",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "maɬkwa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "maθkwa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Plains Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arp",
"2": "woxᵘ"
},
"expansion": "Arapaho: woxᵘ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arapaho: woxᵘ/wox (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ats",
"2": "was",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Gros Ventre: was (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gros Ventre: was (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Great Lakes:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alq",
"2": "makwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Algonquin: makwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Algonquin: makwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mia",
"2": "mahkwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Miami: mahkwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miami: mahkwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "makwa",
"t": "bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Ojibwe: makwa (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ojibwe: makwa (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otw",
"2": "mko",
"t": "bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Ottawa: mko (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottawa: mko (“bear, black bear (Ursus americanus)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjw",
"2": "",
"alt": "m'kwa"
},
"expansion": "Shawnee: m'kwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shawnee: m'kwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cree:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crk",
"2": "maskwa",
"3": "ᒪᐢᑿ",
"t2": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Plains Cree: maskwa, ᒪᐢᑿ (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plains Cree: maskwa, ᒪᐢᑿ (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Montagnais-Naskapi:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crj",
"2": "ᒪᔅᒄ"
},
"expansion": "Southern East Cree: ᒪᔅᒄ (maskw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern East Cree: ᒪᔅᒄ (maskw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moe",
"2": "mashkᵘ"
},
"expansion": "Montagnais: mashkᵘ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Montagnais: mashkᵘ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atj",
"2": "masko"
},
"expansion": "Atikamekw: masko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Atikamekw: masko"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sac",
"2": "mahkwa",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Fox: mahkwa (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fox: mahkwa (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Algonquian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wam",
"2": "moshq"
},
"expansion": "Massachusett: moshq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Massachusett: moshq / moskq / masq (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Delaware:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "màxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Unami: màxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Unami: màxkw (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umu",
"2": "máxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Munsee: máxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munsee: máxkw (“bear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjy",
"2": "muxkw",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Mahican: muxkw (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mahican: muxkw (“bear”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alg-pro",
"2": "aql-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Algic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiy",
"2": "bókw",
"3": "",
"4": "black bear (Ursus americanus)"
},
"expansion": "Wiyot bókw (“black bear (Ursus americanus)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sio-pro",
"2": "*wątxó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Siouan *wątxó",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhq",
"2": "wątóʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Mandan wątóʔ (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lkt",
"2": "matȟó",
"3": "matȟó, mątȟó",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Lakota matȟó, mątȟó (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iow",
"2": "mąthó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Chiwere mąthó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "win",
"2": "mąčó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Winnebago mąčó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oma",
"2": "mąčhó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Omaha-Ponca mąčhó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ksk",
"2": "mičhó",
"3": "",
"4": "polar bear"
},
"expansion": "Kansa mičhó (“polar bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osa",
"2": "mįchó",
"3": "",
"4": "grizzly bear"
},
"expansion": "Osage mįchó (“grizzly bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qua",
"2": "mąthó"
},
"expansion": "Quapaw mąthó",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Algic [Term?]; probably cognate to Wiyot bókw (“black bear (Ursus americanus)”).\nGuillaume Jacques speculates that Proto-Siouan *wątxó is a borrowing of this word, either from Proto-Algonquian per se or from a predecessor of it (Proto-Algic). (Note that \"Proto-Siouan did not have a contrast between oral and nasal consonants: *wą was realised [as] *[mã].\") Compare Mandan wątóʔ (“bear”), Lakota matȟó, mątȟó (“bear”), Chiwere mąthó (“grizzly bear”), Winnebago mąčó (“grizzly bear”), Omaha-Ponca mąčhó (“grizzly bear”), Kansa mičhó (“polar bear”), Osage mįchó (“grizzly bear”), Quapaw mąthó/mąčhó (“grizzly bear”). The apparent oddity of Siouan (which is now concentrated in the west) borrowing a term for a western animal from Algonquian (now concentrated in the east) is explained by the location of the languages at the time of the borrowing; the Proto-Siouan Urheimat was in the east, while the Proto-Algic Urheimat was in the west.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alg-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*maθkwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Algonquian",
"lang_code": "alg-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/maθkwa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "white bear, polar bear",
"word": "wa·paθkwa"
},
{
"english": "male bear",
"word": "na·pe·θkwa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kansa terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Mandan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Algic term requests",
"Proto-Algonquian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Algonquian lemmas",
"Proto-Algonquian nouns",
"Proto-Algonquian terms derived from Proto-Algic",
"Proto-Algonquian terms inherited from Proto-Algic",
"alg-pro:Animals",
"alg-pro:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"topics": [
"orthography",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "maɬkwa"
}
],
"word": "maθkwa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for maθkwa meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.