"m/s/g-ljak" meaning in All languages combined

See m/s/g-ljak on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Sino-Tibetan]

Forms: g-ljak [canonical]
Etymology: * Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986) ** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991) Other cognate roots in STEDT: * *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”) * *s-l(j)a (“tongue”) * *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”) * *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”) The words for "to lick" and "tongue" in many languages have similar shapes, compare: * Indo-European ** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin) ** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō) * Hmong-Mien ** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig) * Tai-Kadai ** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn)) ** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap)) * Austroasiatic: ** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”) ** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”) * Austronesian: ** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah) ** Malay: jilat/dilat ("to lick") * Afroasiatic: *lis- ("tongue"), *lVḳ- ("to lick") ** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn)) ** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”) ** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”) * Kartvelian: ** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”)) Etymology templates: {{cog|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{cog|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{cog|hmx-pro|-}} Proto-Hmong-Mien, {{cog|tai-pro|-}} Proto-Tai, {{cog|tai-pro|-}} Proto-Tai, {{cog|poz-pro|-}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, {{cog|sem-pro|-}} Proto-Semitic, {{cog|ccs-pro|-}} Proto-Kartvelian Head templates: {{head|sit-pro|noun|cat2=roots}} *g-ljak
  1. tongue Tags: reconstruction Related terms: dz(j)a-k (english: to eat), n (english: to eat), t (english: to eat), s (english: to eat)
    Sense id: en-m/s/g-ljak-sit-pro-noun-snFSEtk5

Verb [Proto-Sino-Tibetan]

Forms: g-ljak [canonical]
Etymology: * Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986) ** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991) Other cognate roots in STEDT: * *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”) * *s-l(j)a (“tongue”) * *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”) * *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”) The words for "to lick" and "tongue" in many languages have similar shapes, compare: * Indo-European ** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin) ** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō) * Hmong-Mien ** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig) * Tai-Kadai ** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn)) ** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap)) * Austroasiatic: ** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”) ** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”) * Austronesian: ** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah) ** Malay: jilat/dilat ("to lick") * Afroasiatic: *lis- ("tongue"), *lVḳ- ("to lick") ** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn)) ** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”) ** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”) * Kartvelian: ** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”)) Etymology templates: {{cog|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{cog|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{cog|hmx-pro|-}} Proto-Hmong-Mien, {{cog|tai-pro|-}} Proto-Tai, {{cog|tai-pro|-}} Proto-Tai, {{cog|poz-pro|-}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, {{cog|sem-pro|-}} Proto-Semitic, {{cog|ccs-pro|-}} Proto-Kartvelian Head templates: {{head|sit-pro|verb|cat2=roots}} *g-ljak
  1. to lick Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-m/s/g-ljak-sit-pro-verb-Bo0Z0qJu Categories (other): Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots Disambiguation of Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic: 42 58 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 73 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 20 80 Disambiguation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header: 16 84 Disambiguation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots: 0 100
{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hmx-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
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      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991)\nOther cognate roots in STEDT:\n* *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”)\n* *s-l(j)a (“tongue”)\n* *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”)\n* *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”)\nThe words for \"to lick\" and \"tongue\" in many languages have similar shapes, compare:\n* Indo-European\n** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin)\n** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō)\n* Hmong-Mien\n** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig)\n* Tai-Kadai\n** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn))\n** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap))\n* Austroasiatic:\n** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”)\n** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”)\n* Austronesian:\n** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah)\n** Malay: jilat/dilat (\"to lick\")\n* Afroasiatic: *lis- (\"tongue\"), *lVḳ- (\"to lick\")\n** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn))\n** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”)\n** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”)\n* Kartvelian:\n** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”))",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "g-ljak",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "roots"
      },
      "expansion": "*g-ljak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
  "lang_code": "sit-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s/g-ljak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lick"
      ],
      "id": "en-m/s/g-ljak-sit-pro-verb-Bo0Z0qJu",
      "links": [
        [
          "lick",
          "lick"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "m/s/g-ljak"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Chinese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "舐 (shì), 舓 (shì), 咶, 𦧇, 𦧧 (*Cə.leʔ (B-S), *ɦljeʔ (ZS), “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "餂 /𱃺 (*l̥ʰeːmʔ, “to entice”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "食 (*mə-lək (B-S), *ɦljɯɡ (ZS), “to eat”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "蝕 /蚀 (*mə-lək (B-S), *ɦljɯɡ (ZS), “to eat away, to erode; eclipse”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "食/飼 /食/饲 (*s-m-lək-s (B-S), *ljɯ (ZS), “to feed, to rear”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Modern Mandarin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Beijing: 舐 (shì), 舓 (shì), 咶, 𦧇, 𦧧 (shì, /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/); 餂 /𱃺 (tiǎn), 舔 (tiǎn) (tiǎn, /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/); 食, 蝕 /蚀 (shí) (shí, /ʂʐ̩³⁵/); 飼 /饲 (sì) (sì, /sz̩⁵¹/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Guangzhou: 舐 (shì) /lɑːi³⁵/ (colloquial: 𦧺 /𫇘); /sɑːi³⁵/ (literary); 餂 /𱃺 (tiǎn), 舔 (tiǎn) /lɛːm³⁵/ (colloquial); /tʰiːm³⁵/ (literary); 食, 蝕 /蚀 (shí) /ɕɪk̚²/; 飼 /饲 (sì) /t͡ɕiː²²/"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Himalayish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Bodic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tibetan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bo",
            "2": "ལྡག་པ",
            "gloss": "to lick",
            "sc": "Tibt"
          },
          "expansion": "Tibetan: ལྡག་པ (ldag pa, “to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Written Tibetan: ལྡག་པ (ldag pa, “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Lolo-Burmese"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Burmish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Burmic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "လျက်",
            "t": "to lick"
          },
          "expansion": "Burmese: လျက် (lyak, “to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Burmese: လျက် (lyak, “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Maruic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pela: jaʔ³¹ (“to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Loloish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Loloish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑽ (yot, “to lick, to lap up”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kar-pro",
            "2": "*hlajᴮ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Karen: *hlajᴮ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Karen: *hlajᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ksw",
            "2": "လ့ၣ်",
            "gloss": "to lick; to lap"
          },
          "expansion": "S'gaw Karen: လ့ၣ် (laỳ, “to lick; to lap”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "S'gaw Karen: လ့ၣ် (laỳ, “to lick; to lap”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
            "2": "*liak"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *liak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *liak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Khomic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cnk",
            "2": "bäleite",
            "gloss": "to lick"
          },
          "expansion": "Khumi Chin: bäleite (“to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khumi Chin: bäleite (“to lick”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hmx-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991)\nOther cognate roots in STEDT:\n* *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”)\n* *s-l(j)a (“tongue”)\n* *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”)\n* *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”)\nThe words for \"to lick\" and \"tongue\" in many languages have similar shapes, compare:\n* Indo-European\n** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin)\n** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō)\n* Hmong-Mien\n** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig)\n* Tai-Kadai\n** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn))\n** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap))\n* Austroasiatic:\n** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”)\n** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”)\n* Austronesian:\n** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah)\n** Malay: jilat/dilat (\"to lick\")\n* Afroasiatic: *lis- (\"tongue\"), *lVḳ- (\"to lick\")\n** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn))\n** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”)\n** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”)\n* Kartvelian:\n** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”))",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "g-ljak",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "roots"
      },
      "expansion": "*g-ljak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
  "lang_code": "sit-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s/g-ljak",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tongue"
      ],
      "id": "en-m/s/g-ljak-sit-pro-noun-snFSEtk5",
      "links": [
        [
          "tongue",
          "tongue"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "to eat",
          "word": "dz(j)a-k"
        },
        {
          "english": "to eat",
          "word": "n"
        },
        {
          "english": "to eat",
          "word": "t"
        },
        {
          "english": "to eat",
          "word": "s"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "m/s/g-ljak"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan verbs",
    "sit-pro:Body"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hmx-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991)\nOther cognate roots in STEDT:\n* *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”)\n* *s-l(j)a (“tongue”)\n* *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”)\n* *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”)\nThe words for \"to lick\" and \"tongue\" in many languages have similar shapes, compare:\n* Indo-European\n** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin)\n** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō)\n* Hmong-Mien\n** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig)\n* Tai-Kadai\n** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn))\n** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap))\n* Austroasiatic:\n** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”)\n** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”)\n* Austronesian:\n** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah)\n** Malay: jilat/dilat (\"to lick\")\n* Afroasiatic: *lis- (\"tongue\"), *lVḳ- (\"to lick\")\n** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn))\n** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”)\n** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”)\n* Kartvelian:\n** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”))",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "g-ljak",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "roots"
      },
      "expansion": "*g-ljak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
  "lang_code": "sit-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s/g-ljak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lick"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lick",
          "lick"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "m/s/g-ljak"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
    "Proto-Sino-Tibetan verbs",
    "sit-pro:Body"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Chinese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "舐 (shì), 舓 (shì), 咶, 𦧇, 𦧧 (*Cə.leʔ (B-S), *ɦljeʔ (ZS), “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "餂 /𱃺 (*l̥ʰeːmʔ, “to entice”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "食 (*mə-lək (B-S), *ɦljɯɡ (ZS), “to eat”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "蝕 /蚀 (*mə-lək (B-S), *ɦljɯɡ (ZS), “to eat away, to erode; eclipse”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "食/飼 /食/饲 (*s-m-lək-s (B-S), *ljɯ (ZS), “to feed, to rear”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Modern Mandarin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Beijing: 舐 (shì), 舓 (shì), 咶, 𦧇, 𦧧 (shì, /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/); 餂 /𱃺 (tiǎn), 舔 (tiǎn) (tiǎn, /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/); 食, 蝕 /蚀 (shí) (shí, /ʂʐ̩³⁵/); 飼 /饲 (sì) (sì, /sz̩⁵¹/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Guangzhou: 舐 (shì) /lɑːi³⁵/ (colloquial: 𦧺 /𫇘); /sɑːi³⁵/ (literary); 餂 /𱃺 (tiǎn), 舔 (tiǎn) /lɛːm³⁵/ (colloquial); /tʰiːm³⁵/ (literary); 食, 蝕 /蚀 (shí) /ɕɪk̚²/; 飼 /饲 (sì) /t͡ɕiː²²/"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Himalayish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Bodic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tibetan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bo",
            "2": "ལྡག་པ",
            "gloss": "to lick",
            "sc": "Tibt"
          },
          "expansion": "Tibetan: ལྡག་པ (ldag pa, “to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Written Tibetan: ལྡག་པ (ldag pa, “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Lolo-Burmese"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Burmish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Burmic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "လျက်",
            "t": "to lick"
          },
          "expansion": "Burmese: လျက် (lyak, “to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Burmese: လျက် (lyak, “to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Maruic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pela: jaʔ³¹ (“to lick”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Loloish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Loloish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑽ (yot, “to lick, to lap up”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kar-pro",
            "2": "*hlajᴮ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Karen: *hlajᴮ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Karen: *hlajᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ksw",
            "2": "လ့ၣ်",
            "gloss": "to lick; to lap"
          },
          "expansion": "S'gaw Karen: လ့ၣ် (laỳ, “to lick; to lap”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "S'gaw Karen: လ့ၣ် (laỳ, “to lick; to lap”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
            "2": "*liak"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *liak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *liak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Khomic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cnk",
            "2": "bäleite",
            "gloss": "to lick"
          },
          "expansion": "Khumi Chin: bäleite (“to lick”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khumi Chin: bäleite (“to lick”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hmx-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tai-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991)\nOther cognate roots in STEDT:\n* *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”)\n* *s-l(j)a (“tongue”)\n* *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”)\n* *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”)\nThe words for \"to lick\" and \"tongue\" in many languages have similar shapes, compare:\n* Indo-European\n** Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin)\n** Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō)\n* Hmong-Mien\n** Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig)\n* Tai-Kadai\n** Proto-Tai: *liːnᶜ (“tongue”) (Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn))\n** Proto-Tai: *Ĉ.lwiəᴬ (“to lick”) (Thai เลีย (lia), Lao ເລັຽ (līa), ລວບ (lūap))\n* Austroasiatic:\n** Vietnamese: lưỡi (“tongue”), liếm (“to lick”), lời (“word”), lém (“glib”)\n** Khmer: លិឍ (lɨt, “to lick”)\n* Austronesian:\n** Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah)\n** Malay: jilat/dilat (\"to lick\")\n* Afroasiatic: *lis- (\"tongue\"), *lVḳ- (\"to lick\")\n** Proto-Semitic: *lišān- (“tongue”) (Arabic لِسَان (lisān), Hebrew לשון (lāšôn))\n** Arabic: لَحِسَ (laḥisa, “to lick”), لَعِقَ (laʕiqa, “to lick”)\n** Hebrew: לִקֵּק (likek, “to lick”)\n* Kartvelian:\n** Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”))",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "g-ljak",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "roots"
      },
      "expansion": "*g-ljak",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
  "lang_code": "sit-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s/g-ljak",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to eat",
      "word": "dz(j)a-k"
    },
    {
      "english": "to eat",
      "word": "n"
    },
    {
      "english": "to eat",
      "word": "t"
    },
    {
      "english": "to eat",
      "word": "s"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tongue"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tongue",
          "tongue"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "m/s/g-ljak"
}

Download raw JSONL data for m/s/g-ljak meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.