See lugubris on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lugubris meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lūgubrē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lūgubria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lūgubriter"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lugubrious",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: lugubrious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: lugubrious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lugubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lugubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lugubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lugubre"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lugubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lugubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lugubru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: lugubru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: lugubru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lôbrego",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Portuguese: lôbrego",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Portuguese: lôbrego"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lóbrego",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Spanish: lóbrego\n→? Catalan: llòbrec",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Spanish: lóbrego\n→? Catalan: llòbrec"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūgeō",
"3": "",
"4": "mourn, lament"
},
"expansion": "lūgeō (“mourn, lament”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lougosris",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lougosris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leugosris"
},
"expansion": "*leugosris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*lougos"
},
"expansion": "*lougos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leugos"
},
"expansion": "*leugos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "muliebris"
},
"expansion": "muliebris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūnebris"
},
"expansion": "fūnebris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-lis"
},
"expansion": "*-lis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leug-os-lis"
},
"expansion": "*leug-os-lis",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris or *leugosris, built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r. An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūgubris",
"adv": "lūgubrē",
"adv2": "lūgubriter"
},
"expansion": "lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubrē or lūgubriter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūgubris"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 35 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We found her studiously weaving at the loom,\nmodestly dressed in mourning clothes […]",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.3.44–45",
"text": "Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus,\nmediocriter vestītam veste lūgubrī […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of or pertaining to mourning"
],
"id": "en-lugubris-la-adj-TDL7b2qQ",
"links": [
[
"mourning",
"mourning"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 41 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 35 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 48 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What seas or rivers are unaware\nof the disastrous war? Which sea the Daunian\nslaughters haven't stained?\nWhich shore lacks our blood?",
"ref": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.1.33–36",
"roman": "quae caret ōra cruōre nostrō?",
"text": "Quī gurgēs aut quae flūmina lūgubris\nignāra bellī? Quod mare Dauniae\nnōn dēcolorāvere caedēs?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable"
],
"id": "en-lugubris-la-adj-xjrFtLO7",
"links": [
[
"disastrous",
"disastrous"
],
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 41 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 32 57 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 35 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 48 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mournful, doleful, plaintive"
],
"id": "en-lugubris-la-adj-~0HouGlr",
"links": [
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
],
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
],
[
"plaintive",
"plaintive"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 35 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 48 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gloomy, sinister, mean"
],
"id": "en-lugubris-la-adj-U-l2T0e5",
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"sinister",
"sinister"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluː.ɡu.bris/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫ̪uːɡʊbrɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.ɡu.bris/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɡubris]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford University Press"
],
"word": "lugubris"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension adjectives",
"Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"la:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lūgubrē"
},
{
"word": "lūgubria"
},
{
"word": "lūgubriter"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lugubrious",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: lugubrious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: lugubrious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lugubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lugubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lugubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lugubre"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lugubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lugubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lugubru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: lugubru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: lugubru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lúgubre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lúgubre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lúgubre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lôbrego",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Portuguese: lôbrego",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Portuguese: lôbrego"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lóbrego",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Spanish: lóbrego\n→? Catalan: llòbrec",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Spanish: lóbrego\n→? Catalan: llòbrec"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūgeō",
"3": "",
"4": "mourn, lament"
},
"expansion": "lūgeō (“mourn, lament”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lougosris",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lougosris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leugosris"
},
"expansion": "*leugosris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*lougos"
},
"expansion": "*lougos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leugos"
},
"expansion": "*leugos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "muliebris"
},
"expansion": "muliebris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūnebris"
},
"expansion": "fūnebris",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-lis"
},
"expansion": "*-lis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*leug-os-lis"
},
"expansion": "*leug-os-lis",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris or *leugosris, built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r. An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūgubria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūgubris",
"adv": "lūgubrē",
"adv2": "lūgubriter"
},
"expansion": "lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubrē or lūgubriter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūgubris"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We found her studiously weaving at the loom,\nmodestly dressed in mourning clothes […]",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.3.44–45",
"text": "Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus,\nmediocriter vestītam veste lūgubrī […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of or pertaining to mourning"
],
"links": [
[
"mourning",
"mourning"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What seas or rivers are unaware\nof the disastrous war? Which sea the Daunian\nslaughters haven't stained?\nWhich shore lacks our blood?",
"ref": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.1.33–36",
"roman": "quae caret ōra cruōre nostrō?",
"text": "Quī gurgēs aut quae flūmina lūgubris\nignāra bellī? Quod mare Dauniae\nnōn dēcolorāvere caedēs?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable"
],
"links": [
[
"disastrous",
"disastrous"
],
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mournful, doleful, plaintive"
],
"links": [
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
],
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
],
[
"plaintive",
"plaintive"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gloomy, sinister, mean"
],
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"sinister",
"sinister"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluː.ɡu.bris/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫ̪uːɡʊbrɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.ɡu.bris/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːɡubris]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford University Press"
],
"word": "lugubris"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lugubris/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"lugubris"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "lugubris",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.