See lewk- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-tó ~ *luk-ró (deponent root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑",
"tr": "lu-uk-ka-ri"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-e-tor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ráwčatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ráwćatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रोचते",
"tr": "rócate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ráwčatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙-",
"t": "shining"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "لٛںکر",
"t": "The white woman",
"tr": "łəker"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*leúťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λεύσσω",
"t": "to look upon, I look upon"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣",
"tr": "lu-uk-ki-ez-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*láukīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lučìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lučìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lučìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawčáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati, *rawčáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawćáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati, *rawćáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोचयति",
"tr": "locáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati), रोचयति (rocáyati, “to make shine, illuminate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rawčáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to make shine"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s-t (sigmatic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "",
"alt": "*լոյց-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուցանեմ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)\nArmenian: լուցել (lucʻel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)\nArmenian: լուցել (lucʻel)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s (“light”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lukā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lukā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀμφιλύκη",
"alt": "(ἀμφι)λύκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē), λυκά(βας) (luká(bas)), λυκό(φως) (lukó(phōs)), Λυκαῖος (Lukaîos), λύκειος (lúkeios)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-í-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*laukis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "luckis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: luckis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: luckis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lučь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lučь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lučь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laugiz",
"t": "flame, blaze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*rukmás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rukmás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुक्म",
"tr": "rukmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լոյս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լոյս (loys)\nArmenian: լույս (luys)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լոյս (loys)\nArmenian: լույս (luys)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*loukos",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *loukos (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *loukos (“white”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*leukós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *leukós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *leukós (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*rawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रोक",
"t": "light",
"tr": "roká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रोक (roká, “light”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रोक (roká, “light”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rawkáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rawkáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rawkáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "rok",
"t": "day; light; sun"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: rok (“day; light; sun”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: rok (“day; light; sun”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-ó-s (“open space, clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*laukás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lauks",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: lauks (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: lauks (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laũkas",
"t": "field, open space"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोक",
"t": "free space",
"tr": "loká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "loucos"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: loucos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: loucos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūcus",
"t": "sacred grove, wood"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lówk-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lauhaz",
"t": "clearing, open space"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-o-dʰro- or *lewk-o-bʰro-?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukoðro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukoðro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukoðro- or *loukoβro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūcubrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūcubrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūcubrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-os ~ *léwk-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ráwčas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-s-ḱós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lukšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*luxšáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "لوخن",
"gloss": "moon",
"tr": "loxan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*lukskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *lukskos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *lukskos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "luscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: luscus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: luscus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s-mn̥ ~ *luk-s-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*louksmən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *louksmən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *louksmən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-s-neh₂ (“moon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lúk-s-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lúkʰnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύχνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-so-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhsaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz, *leuhsą"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-s-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukstrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukstrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūstrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūstrum, lūstrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz, *leuhtą"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*leukā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *leukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *leukā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lekë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lekë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lekë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*laukura"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *laukura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *laukura"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lakur",
"t": "naked"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lakur (“naked”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lakur (“naked”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*lāuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *lāuka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *lāuka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "loqe"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: loqe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: loqe, gloq (“rheum”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌",
"tr": "lu-uk",
"ts": "luk(k)-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌 (lu-uk /luk(k)-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌 (lu-uk /luk(k)-/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուսանունք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)\nArmenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)\nArmenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուսն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)\nArmenian: լուսն (lusn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)\nArmenian: լուսն (lusn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*lū́ˀśis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lūsis",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lūšis",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rỳsь",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luchair",
"t": "shine"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llug",
"t": "shimmer"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lukato-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *lukato-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *lukato-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lagad"
},
"expansion": "Breton: lagad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: lagad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lagas"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: lagas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: lagas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llygad"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llygad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llygad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lugô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lugô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lugô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luhsaz",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lúnks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύγξ",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lucerna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lucerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lucerna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*luk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *luk-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "luk-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: luk-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "luk-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: luk-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुच्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bright"
],
"id": "en-lewk--ine-pro-root-qHs-NIzL",
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"id": "en-lewk--ine-pro-root-i5-pW8j2",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to see"
],
"id": "en-lewk--ine-pro-root-6g1zNN7-",
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lewk-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European ReRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-tó ~ *luk-ró (deponent root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑",
"tr": "lu-uk-ka-ri"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-e-tor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ráwčatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ráwćatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रोचते",
"tr": "rócate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ráwčatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙-",
"t": "shining"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "لٛںکر",
"t": "The white woman",
"tr": "łəker"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*leúťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λεύσσω",
"t": "to look upon, I look upon"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣",
"tr": "lu-uk-ki-ez-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*láukīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lučìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lučìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lučìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawčáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati, *rawčáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawćáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati, *rawćáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोचयति",
"tr": "locáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati), रोचयति (rocáyati, “to make shine, illuminate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rawčáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to make shine"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s-t (sigmatic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "",
"alt": "*լոյց-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուցանեմ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)\nArmenian: լուցել (lucʻel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)\nArmenian: լուցել (lucʻel)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s (“light”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lukā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lukā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀμφιλύκη",
"alt": "(ἀμφι)λύκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē), λυκά(βας) (luká(bas)), λυκό(φως) (lukó(phōs)), Λυκαῖος (Lukaîos), λύκειος (lúkeios)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-í-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*laukis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "luckis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: luckis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: luckis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lučь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lučь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lučь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laugiz",
"t": "flame, blaze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*rukmás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rukmás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुक्म",
"tr": "rukmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լոյս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լոյս (loys)\nArmenian: լույս (luys)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լոյս (loys)\nArmenian: լույս (luys)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*loukos",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *loukos (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *loukos (“white”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*leukós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *leukós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *leukós (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*rawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*rawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रोक",
"t": "light",
"tr": "roká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रोक (roká, “light”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रोक (roká, “light”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*rawkáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *rawkáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *rawkáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "rok",
"t": "day; light; sun"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: rok (“day; light; sun”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: rok (“day; light; sun”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-ó-s (“open space, clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*laukás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lauks",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: lauks (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: lauks (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "laũkas",
"t": "field, open space"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोक",
"t": "free space",
"tr": "loká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "loucos"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: loucos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: loucos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūcus",
"t": "sacred grove, wood"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lówk-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lauhaz",
"t": "clearing, open space"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-o-dʰro- or *lewk-o-bʰro-?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukoðro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukoðro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukoðro- or *loukoβro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūcubrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūcubrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūcubrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-os ~ *léwk-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ráwčas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*luk-s-ḱós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lukšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*luxšáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "لوخن",
"gloss": "moon",
"tr": "loxan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*lukskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *lukskos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *lukskos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "luscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: luscus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: luscus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-s-mn̥ ~ *luk-s-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*louksmən"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *louksmən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *louksmən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-s-neh₂ (“moon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lúk-s-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lúkʰnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύχνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*léwk-so-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhsaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz, *leuhsą"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowk-s-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*loukstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *loukstrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *loukstrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lūstrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lūstrum, lūstrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewk-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz, *leuhtą"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*leukā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *leukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *leukā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lekë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lekë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lekë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*laukura"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *laukura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *laukura"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lakur",
"t": "naked"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lakur (“naked”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lakur (“naked”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*lāuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *lāuka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *lāuka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "loqe"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: loqe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: loqe, gloq (“rheum”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒇻𒊌",
"tr": "lu-uk",
"ts": "luk(k)-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌 (lu-uk /luk(k)-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒇻𒊌 (lu-uk /luk(k)-/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուսանունք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)\nArmenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)\nArmenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուսն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)\nArmenian: լուսն (lusn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)\nArmenian: լուսն (lusn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*lū́ˀśis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lūsis",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lūšis",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rỳsь",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luchair",
"t": "shine"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llug",
"t": "shimmer"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lukato-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *lukato-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *lukato-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lagad"
},
"expansion": "Breton: lagad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: lagad"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lagas"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: lagas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: lagas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llygad"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llygad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llygad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lugô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lugô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lugô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luhsaz",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*lúnks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύγξ",
"t": "lynx"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lucerna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: lucerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: lucerna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*luk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *luk-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "luk-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: luk-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "luk-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: luk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: luk-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुच्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bright"
],
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to see"
],
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lewk-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lewk- meaning in All languages combined (22.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.