"kur-" meaning in All languages combined

See kur- on Wiktionary

Root [Proto-Japonic]

Etymology: The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”). The derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around. Etymology templates: {{ja-r|くるる に}} くるるに (kururu ni), {{cog|ja|転ぶ||to tumble, to fall over|tr=korobu}} Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) Head templates: {{head|jpx-pro|root}} *kur-
  1. to spin; to turn around and around Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kur--jpx-pro-root-GlFny6RL Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Japonic roots Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 100 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header: 100 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Japonic roots: 100 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Proto-Japonic]

Head templates: {{head|jpx-pro|verb}} *kur-
  1. to give Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kur--jpx-pro-verb-jKZk8JaJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective [Proto-Samoyedic]

Etymology: From *ku-. Head templates: {{head|syd-pro|adjective}} *kur-
  1. which (interrogative) Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kur--syd-pro-adj-YBeCl1Ek Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header

Verb [Tocharian B]

Head templates: {{head|txb|verb}} kur-
  1. Alternative form of kwär- (“to age, grow old”) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: kwär- (extra: to age, grow old)
    Sense id: en-kur--txb-verb-bB-3Frko Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tocharian B",
  "lang_code": "txb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to age, grow old",
          "word": "kwär-"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of kwär- (“to age, grow old”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kur--txb-verb-bB-3Frko",
      "links": [
        [
          "kwär-",
          "kwär-#Tocharian_B"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "呉",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "呉れる",
            "3": "くれる",
            "tr2": "kureru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 呉れる, くれる (kureru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 呉れる, くれる (kureru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kure"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)\nKunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)\nOkinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)\nOkinoerabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)\nTokunoshima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)\nYoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)\nYaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)\nYonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)\nKunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)\nOkinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)\nOkinoerabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)\nTokunoshima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)\nYoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)\nYaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)\nYonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Japonic",
  "lang_code": "jpx-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kur-",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give"
      ],
      "id": "en-kur--jpx-pro-verb-jKZk8JaJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "くるるに",
            "3": "狂ふ",
            "4": "苦し",
            "t1": "spinningly, turningly",
            "t2": "go mad",
            "t3": "painful, stressful, excruciating",
            "tr1": "kururu ni",
            "tr2": "kurupu",
            "tr3": "kurusi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "狂う",
            "3": "苦しい",
            "tr1": "kuruu",
            "tr2": "kurushii"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 狂う (kuruu), 苦しい (kurushii)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 狂う (kuruu), 苦しい (kurushii)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "くるくる",
            "t": "spinningly",
            "tr": "kurukuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "繰",
            "t": "to spin a thread",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "繰る",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 繰る (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 繰る (kuru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kuri",
            "t": "to spin a thread"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKunigami: 繰ん (kun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)\nOkinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nYoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\n⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)\nYaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKunigami: 繰ん (kun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)\nOkinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nYoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\n⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)\nYaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kuru",
            "t": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)\nKunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)\nOkinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)\nOkinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)\nTokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)\nYoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 苦 (guri)\nYaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)\nYonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)\nKunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)\nOkinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)\nOkinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)\nTokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)\nYoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 苦 (guri)\nYaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)\nYonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くるる に"
      },
      "expansion": "くるるに (kururu ni)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "転ぶ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to tumble, to fall over",
        "tr": "korobu"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).\nThe derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-pro",
        "2": "root"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Japonic",
  "lang_code": "jpx-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kur-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Japonic roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spin; to turn around and around"
      ],
      "id": "en-kur--jpx-pro-root-GlFny6RL",
      "links": [
        [
          "spin",
          "spin"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nio",
            "2": "курәди"
          },
          "expansion": "Nganasan: курәди (kurədji)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nganasan: курәди (kurədji)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Enets:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enf",
            "2": "курсе",
            "tr": "kurse"
          },
          "expansion": "Forest Enets: курсе (kurse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Forest Enets: курсе (kurse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enh",
            "2": "курой",
            "tr": "kuroj"
          },
          "expansion": "Tundra Enets: курой (kuroj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tundra Enets: курой (kuroj), курео (kureo, kureɔ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Nenets:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syd-fne",
            "2": "куԓка"
          },
          "expansion": "Forest Nenets: куԓка (kułka)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Forest Nenets: куԓка (kułka)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yrk",
            "2": "хурка"
          },
          "expansion": "Tundra Nenets: хурка (xurka)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tundra Nenets: хурка (xurka)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *ku-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syd-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
  "lang_code": "syd-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/kur-",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "which (interrogative)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kur--syd-pro-adj-YBeCl1Ek",
      "links": [
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Japonic lemmas",
    "Proto-Japonic roots",
    "Proto-Japonic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "呉",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "呉れる",
            "3": "くれる",
            "tr2": "kureru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 呉れる, くれる (kureru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 呉れる, くれる (kureru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kure"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)\nKunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)\nOkinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)\nOkinoerabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)\nTokunoshima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)\nYoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)\nYaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)\nYonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)\nKunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)\nOkinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)\nOkinoerabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)\nTokunoshima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)\nYoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)\nYaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)\nYonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Japonic",
  "lang_code": "jpx-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kur-",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Japonic lemmas",
    "Proto-Japonic roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "くるるに",
            "3": "狂ふ",
            "4": "苦し",
            "t1": "spinningly, turningly",
            "t2": "go mad",
            "t3": "painful, stressful, excruciating",
            "tr1": "kururu ni",
            "tr2": "kurupu",
            "tr3": "kurusi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "狂う",
            "3": "苦しい",
            "tr1": "kuruu",
            "tr2": "kurushii"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 狂う (kuruu), 苦しい (kurushii)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 狂う (kuruu), 苦しい (kurushii)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "くるくる",
            "t": "spinningly",
            "tr": "kurukuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ojp",
            "2": "繰",
            "t": "to spin a thread",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "繰る",
            "tr": "kuru"
          },
          "expansion": "Japanese: 繰る (kuru)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Japanese: 繰る (kuru)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kuri",
            "t": "to spin a thread"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKunigami: 繰ん (kun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)\nOkinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nYoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\n⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)\nYaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKunigami: 繰ん (kun)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)\nOkinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nYoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\n⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)\nYaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
            "2": "*kuru",
            "t": "painful"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)\nKunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)\nOkinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)\nOkinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)\nTokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)\nYoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 苦 (guri)\nYaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)\nYonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)\nKunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)\nOkinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)\nOkinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)\nTokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)\nYoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 苦 (guri)\nYaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)\nYonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くるる に"
      },
      "expansion": "くるるに (kururu ni)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "転ぶ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to tumble, to fall over",
        "tr": "korobu"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).\nThe derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-pro",
        "2": "root"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Japonic",
  "lang_code": "jpx-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kur-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to spin; to turn around and around"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spin",
          "spin"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nio",
            "2": "курәди"
          },
          "expansion": "Nganasan: курәди (kurədji)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nganasan: курәди (kurədji)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Enets:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enf",
            "2": "курсе",
            "tr": "kurse"
          },
          "expansion": "Forest Enets: курсе (kurse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Forest Enets: курсе (kurse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enh",
            "2": "курой",
            "tr": "kuroj"
          },
          "expansion": "Tundra Enets: курой (kuroj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tundra Enets: курой (kuroj), курео (kureo, kureɔ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Nenets:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syd-fne",
            "2": "куԓка"
          },
          "expansion": "Forest Nenets: куԓка (kułka)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Forest Nenets: куԓка (kułka)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yrk",
            "2": "хурка"
          },
          "expansion": "Tundra Nenets: хурка (xurka)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tundra Nenets: хурка (xurka)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *ku-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syd-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
  "lang_code": "syd-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/kur-",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Samoyedic adjectives",
        "Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Samoyedic lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "which (interrogative)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "kur-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tocharian B",
  "lang_code": "txb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "to age, grow old",
          "word": "kwär-"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
        "Tocharian B lemmas",
        "Tocharian B verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of kwär- (“to age, grow old”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kwär-",
          "kwär-#Tocharian_B"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kur-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kur- meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.