See kləj on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 屎 (*qʰijʔ, *l̥ij (B-S), *hliʔ, *hri (ZS), “shit, dung, excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し"
},
"expansion": "し",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "shi",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "shi",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi"
},
"expansion": "屎 (し, shi)",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi"
},
"expansion": "屎 (し, shi)",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "시",
"2": "屎"
},
"expansion": "시 (屎, si)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thỉ",
"gloss": "",
"tr": "屎"
},
"expansion": "thỉ (屎)",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thỉ",
"2": "屎"
},
"expansion": "thỉ (屎)",
"name": "vi-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese",
"2": "屎 (し, shi)",
"3": "",
"4": "Korean",
"5": "시 (屎, si)",
"6": "",
"7": "Vietnamese",
"8": "<i>thỉ (<span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"vi\">屎</span>)</i>"
},
"expansion": "→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)",
"name": "sit-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi",
"4": "시",
"5": "si",
"6": "thỉ"
},
"expansion": "**:→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)",
"name": "Sinoxenic"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 屎 (ɕɣiɪX, hiɪ)**:→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 屎 (shǐ), /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 屎 /ɕiː³⁵/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shanghai: 屎 /sz̩³⁴/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Taiwan: 屎 /sai⁵¹/ (colloquial), /su⁵¹/ (literary)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kamarupan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "\"Naga\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Naga: *CⓁ-kləy (French, 1983)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ལྕི་བ",
"t": "dung (esp. of cow)"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ལྕི་བ (lci ba, “dung (esp. of cow)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ལྕི་བ (lci ba, “dung (esp. of cow)”) (via Conrady's law + Coblin's law)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamangic: *kli¹ (Mazaudon, 1978)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti: *khli (Michaelovsky, 1991)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: hkyi (“excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𘉳"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𘉳 (*lhjị²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𘉳 (*lhjị²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obr",
"2": "ခ္လိယ်",
"t": "excrement",
"tr": "hkliy"
},
"expansion": "Old Burmese: ခ္လိယ် (hkliy, “excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Burmese: ခ္လိယ် (hkliy, “excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ချေး",
"t": "excrement, faeces"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ချေး (hkye:, “excrement, faeces”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ချေး (hkye:, “excrement, faeces”) (> အချေး (a.hkye:, “excrement”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lol-pro",
"2": "*ʔ/k(l)e²"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Loloish: *ʔ/k(l)e²",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Loloish: *ʔ/k(l)e² (Bradley, 1979)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑭ (xy, “excrement, faeces”) (> ꑭꒉ (xy yy, “liquid excrement”))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lisu (Southern): ꓛꓲꓽ (tʃʰì, “dung, faeces”), also ꓞꓲꓽ (tsʰɨ̀, “faeces”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ခံပူၤ",
"t": "anus"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ခံပူၤ (khee poō, “anus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ခံပူၤ (khee poō, “anus”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*C̬.qɯjᶜ",
"3": "",
"4": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjᶜ (“excrement”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ขี้"
},
"expansion": "Thai ขี้ (kîi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "haex"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang haex",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*krəj",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt, filth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“dirt, filth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကြေး",
"t": "grime, dirt"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကြေး (kre:, “grime, dirt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *xryid (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *kləy (Matisoff, STEDT); *kliy (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987); *klyiy (*B) (Coblin, 1986); *kləy (Chou, 1972)\nThis root is sometimes thought to be related with Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjᶜ (“excrement”), whence Thai ขี้ (kîi) and Zhuang haex (Schuessler, 2007). Also note the resemblance with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“dirt, filth”) (whence Burmese ကြေး (kre:, “grime, dirt”)) (STEDT).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kləj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kləj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shit, dung, excrement"
],
"id": "en-kləj-sit-pro-noun-ZmTAmbTv",
"links": [
[
"shit",
"shit"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "shit",
"word": "e(k)"
},
{
"english": "filthy, excrement",
"word": "s-n(j)ik Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"english": "filthy, excrement",
"word": "kləj s-n(j)ek"
},
{
"english": "urine",
"word": "g-ts(j)i-t"
},
{
"english": "urine",
"word": "n"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kləj"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 屎 (*qʰijʔ, *l̥ij (B-S), *hliʔ, *hri (ZS), “shit, dung, excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し"
},
"expansion": "し",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "shi",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "shi",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi"
},
"expansion": "屎 (し, shi)",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi"
},
"expansion": "屎 (し, shi)",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "시",
"2": "屎"
},
"expansion": "시 (屎, si)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thỉ",
"gloss": "",
"tr": "屎"
},
"expansion": "thỉ (屎)",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thỉ",
"2": "屎"
},
"expansion": "thỉ (屎)",
"name": "vi-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese",
"2": "屎 (し, shi)",
"3": "",
"4": "Korean",
"5": "시 (屎, si)",
"6": "",
"7": "Vietnamese",
"8": "<i>thỉ (<span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"vi\">屎</span>)</i>"
},
"expansion": "→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)",
"name": "sit-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "屎",
"2": "し",
"3": "shi",
"4": "시",
"5": "si",
"6": "thỉ"
},
"expansion": "**:→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)",
"name": "Sinoxenic"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 屎 (ɕɣiɪX, hiɪ)**:→Japanese: 屎 (し, shi)\nKorean: 시 (屎, si)\nVietnamese: thỉ (屎)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 屎 (shǐ), /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 屎 /ɕiː³⁵/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shanghai: 屎 /sz̩³⁴/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Taiwan: 屎 /sai⁵¹/ (colloquial), /su⁵¹/ (literary)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kamarupan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "\"Naga\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Naga: *CⓁ-kləy (French, 1983)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ལྕི་བ",
"t": "dung (esp. of cow)"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ལྕི་བ (lci ba, “dung (esp. of cow)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ལྕི་བ (lci ba, “dung (esp. of cow)”) (via Conrady's law + Coblin's law)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamangic: *kli¹ (Mazaudon, 1978)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti: *khli (Michaelovsky, 1991)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: hkyi (“excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𘉳"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𘉳 (*lhjị²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𘉳 (*lhjị²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obr",
"2": "ခ္လိယ်",
"t": "excrement",
"tr": "hkliy"
},
"expansion": "Old Burmese: ခ္လိယ် (hkliy, “excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Burmese: ခ္လိယ် (hkliy, “excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ချေး",
"t": "excrement, faeces"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ချေး (hkye:, “excrement, faeces”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ချေး (hkye:, “excrement, faeces”) (> အချေး (a.hkye:, “excrement”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lol-pro",
"2": "*ʔ/k(l)e²"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Loloish: *ʔ/k(l)e²",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Loloish: *ʔ/k(l)e² (Bradley, 1979)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑭ (xy, “excrement, faeces”) (> ꑭꒉ (xy yy, “liquid excrement”))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lisu (Southern): ꓛꓲꓽ (tʃʰì, “dung, faeces”), also ꓞꓲꓽ (tsʰɨ̀, “faeces”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ခံပူၤ",
"t": "anus"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ခံပူၤ (khee poō, “anus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ခံပူၤ (khee poō, “anus”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*C̬.qɯjᶜ",
"3": "",
"4": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjᶜ (“excrement”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ขี้"
},
"expansion": "Thai ขี้ (kîi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "haex"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang haex",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*krəj",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt, filth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“dirt, filth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကြေး",
"t": "grime, dirt"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကြေး (kre:, “grime, dirt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *xryid (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *kləy (Matisoff, STEDT); *kliy (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987); *klyiy (*B) (Coblin, 1986); *kləy (Chou, 1972)\nThis root is sometimes thought to be related with Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjᶜ (“excrement”), whence Thai ขี้ (kîi) and Zhuang haex (Schuessler, 2007). Also note the resemblance with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“dirt, filth”) (whence Burmese ကြေး (kre:, “grime, dirt”)) (STEDT).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kləj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kləj",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "shit",
"word": "e(k)"
},
{
"english": "filthy, excrement",
"word": "s-n(j)ik Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"english": "filthy, excrement",
"word": "kləj s-n(j)ek"
},
{
"english": "urine",
"word": "g-ts(j)i-t"
},
{
"english": "urine",
"word": "n"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots"
],
"glosses": [
"shit, dung, excrement"
],
"links": [
[
"shit",
"shit"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kləj"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kləj meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.