See kala- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *kala",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kwel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to turn, twist”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *kala, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to turn, twist”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "kala-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kaliboç"
},
{
"word": "kalaqafe"
},
{
"word": "kalaman"
},
{
"word": "kalakiç"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kala- + vesh (“vine”) → kalavesh (“grape”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kala- + mendje (“mind”) → kalamend (“to confuse”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upside down"
],
"id": "en-kala--sq-prefix-iORdmypW",
"links": [
[
"upside",
"upside"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Oryol"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "kalin"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "kale"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "kaleg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*kala-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fish with a net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *kala- (“to fish with a net”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kala- (“to fish with a net”).",
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kala-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fishing net"
],
"id": "en-kala--urj-fin-pro-noun-EZtX8k3d",
"links": [
[
"fishing net",
"fishing net"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "háló"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Western Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen-Latn",
"word": "kūləp"
},
{
"lang": "Eastern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen-Latn",
"word": "χuləp"
}
],
"lang": "Central Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-nor",
"roman": "hūlup",
"word": "хӯлуп"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kūlǝp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Eastern Khanty",
"lang_code": "kca-eas",
"roman": "kaləw",
"word": "каләв"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Khanty",
"lang_code": "kca-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kālǝp"
}
],
"lang": "Ugric",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "kulöm",
"word": "кулӧм"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kŭlïm"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kalin ~ *kalëk"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kala-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fish with a net"
],
"id": "en-kala--urj-pro-verb-oshg5hLb",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"net",
"net"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kaliboç"
},
{
"word": "kalaqafe"
},
{
"word": "kalaman"
},
{
"word": "kalakiç"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *kala",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kwel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, twist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to turn, twist”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *kala, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to turn, twist”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "kala-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian prefixes",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Albanian undefined derivations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kala- + vesh (“vine”) → kalavesh (“grape”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kala- + mendje (“mind”) → kalamend (“to confuse”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upside down"
],
"links": [
[
"upside",
"upside"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Oryol"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "kalin"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "kale"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "kaleg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*kala-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fish with a net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *kala- (“to fish with a net”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kala- (“to fish with a net”).",
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kala-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"urj-fin-pro:Fishing"
],
"glosses": [
"fishing net"
],
"links": [
[
"fishing net",
"fishing net"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "háló"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Western Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen-Latn",
"word": "kūləp"
},
{
"lang": "Eastern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen-Latn",
"word": "χuləp"
}
],
"lang": "Central Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-cen"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-nor",
"roman": "hūlup",
"word": "хӯлуп"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kūlǝp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Eastern Khanty",
"lang_code": "kca-eas",
"roman": "kaləw",
"word": "каләв"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Khanty",
"lang_code": "kca-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kālǝp"
}
],
"lang": "Ugric",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "kulöm",
"word": "кулӧм"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kŭlïm"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*kalin ~ *kalëk"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kala-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to fish with a net"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"net",
"net"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kala-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kala- meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.