"kaḷam" meaning in All languages combined

See kaḷam on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Dravidian]

Etymology: Compound of *kaḷ + *-am. Disputed to have a connection with Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Compound}} Compound, {{com+|dra-pro|*kaḷ|*-am}} Compound of *kaḷ + *-am, {{cog|elx|𒄩𒌌|t=land|tr=hal}} Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”) Head templates: {{head|dra-pro|noun}} *kaḷam
  1. an open place (threshing floor, battle ground) Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: kaḷan
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tcy",
            "2": "ಕಲ"
          },
          "expansion": "Tulu: ಕಲ (kala)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tulu: ಕಲ (kala)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tamil-Kannada:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ಕಣ",
            "3": "ಕಳ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kannada: ಕಣ (kaṇa), ಕಳ (kaḷa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kannada: ಕಣ (kaṇa), ಕಳ (kaḷa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfa",
            "2": "ಕಳ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kodava: ಕಳ (kaḷa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kodava: ಕಳ (kaḷa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfe",
            "2": "கள்ம்",
            "3": "கவால்"
          },
          "expansion": "Kota (India): கள்ம் (kaḷm), கவால் (kavāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kota (India): கள்ம் (kaḷm), கவால் (kavāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "കളം",
            "3": "കളരി",
            "4": "കള്ളി"
          },
          "expansion": "Malayalam: കളം (kaḷaṁ), കളരി (kaḷari), കള്ളി (kaḷḷi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Malayalam: കളം (kaḷaṁ), കളരി (kaḷari), കള്ളി (kaḷḷi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "களம்",
            "3": "களன்",
            "4": "களமர்",
            "5": "களரி"
          },
          "expansion": "Tamil: களம் (kaḷam), களன் (kaḷaṉ), களமர் (kaḷamar), களரி (kaḷari)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tamil: களம் (kaḷam), களன் (kaḷaṉ), களமர் (kaḷamar), களரி (kaḷari)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South-Central Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "కళ్లము",
            "3": "కళ్ళాము",
            "4": "కడ్లాము",
            "5": "కలను"
          },
          "expansion": "Telugu: కళ్లము (kaḷlamu), కళ్ళాము (kaḷḷāmu), కడ్లాము (kaḍlāmu), కలను (kalanu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Telugu: కళ్లము (kaḷlamu), కళ్ళాము (kaḷḷāmu), కడ్లాము (kaḍlāmu), కలను (kalanu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gon",
            "2": "कड़ा",
            "3": "కలం"
          },
          "expansion": "Gondi: कड़ा, కలం (kalaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gondi: कड़ा, కలం (kalaṁ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mha",
            "2": "କା୕ଡ଼ା"
          },
          "expansion": "Manda (India): କା୕ଡ଼ା (kāṛa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manda (India): କା୕ଡ଼ା (kāṛa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kxu",
            "2": "କ୍ଲାଇ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kui (India): କ୍ଲାଇ (klai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kui (India): କ୍ଲାଇ (klai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kxv",
            "2": "କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ",
            "3": "କାଲୋ୕ମି"
          },
          "expansion": "Kuvi: କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ (kṛanū), କାଲୋ୕ମି (kalōmi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kuvi: କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ (kṛanū), କାଲୋ୕ମି (kalōmi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfb",
            "2": "కలవె"
          },
          "expansion": "Kolami: కలవె (kalave)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kolami: కలవె (kalave)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nit",
            "2": "కళవె",
            "3": "కలై"
          },
          "expansion": "Southeastern Kolami: కళవె (kaḷave), కలై (kalai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southeastern Kolami: కళవె (kaḷave), కలై (kalai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gdb",
            "2": "కలిన్"
          },
          "expansion": "Ollari: కలిన్ (kalin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ollari: కలిన్ (kalin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmj",
            "2": "क़लु"
          },
          "expansion": "Kumarbhag Paharia: क़लु",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kumarbhag Paharia: क़लु"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kru",
            "2": "ख़ल्ल"
          },
          "expansion": "Kurukh: ख़ल्ल (xall)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kurukh: ख़ल्ल (xall)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "खल",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sanskrit: खल (khala)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sanskrit: खल (khala) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Compound"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "*kaḷ",
        "3": "*-am"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound of *kaḷ + *-am",
      "name": "com+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "𒄩𒌌",
        "t": "land",
        "tr": "hal"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of *kaḷ + *-am. Disputed to have a connection with Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*kaḷam",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
  "lang_code": "dra-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/kaḷam",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Gondi terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an open place (threshing floor, battle ground)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kaḷam-dra-pro-noun-NCzpOUYb",
      "links": [
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "threshing",
          "threshing"
        ],
        [
          "floor",
          "floor"
        ],
        [
          "battle",
          "battle"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kaḷan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kaḷam"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tcy",
            "2": "ಕಲ"
          },
          "expansion": "Tulu: ಕಲ (kala)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tulu: ಕಲ (kala)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tamil-Kannada:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ಕಣ",
            "3": "ಕಳ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kannada: ಕಣ (kaṇa), ಕಳ (kaḷa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kannada: ಕಣ (kaṇa), ಕಳ (kaḷa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfa",
            "2": "ಕಳ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kodava: ಕಳ (kaḷa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kodava: ಕಳ (kaḷa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfe",
            "2": "கள்ம்",
            "3": "கவால்"
          },
          "expansion": "Kota (India): கள்ம் (kaḷm), கவால் (kavāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kota (India): கள்ம் (kaḷm), கவால் (kavāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "കളം",
            "3": "കളരി",
            "4": "കള്ളി"
          },
          "expansion": "Malayalam: കളം (kaḷaṁ), കളരി (kaḷari), കള്ളി (kaḷḷi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Malayalam: കളം (kaḷaṁ), കളരി (kaḷari), കള്ളി (kaḷḷi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "களம்",
            "3": "களன்",
            "4": "களமர்",
            "5": "களரி"
          },
          "expansion": "Tamil: களம் (kaḷam), களன் (kaḷaṉ), களமர் (kaḷamar), களரி (kaḷari)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tamil: களம் (kaḷam), களன் (kaḷaṉ), களமர் (kaḷamar), களரி (kaḷari)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South-Central Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "కళ్లము",
            "3": "కళ్ళాము",
            "4": "కడ్లాము",
            "5": "కలను"
          },
          "expansion": "Telugu: కళ్లము (kaḷlamu), కళ్ళాము (kaḷḷāmu), కడ్లాము (kaḍlāmu), కలను (kalanu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Telugu: కళ్లము (kaḷlamu), కళ్ళాము (kaḷḷāmu), కడ్లాము (kaḍlāmu), కలను (kalanu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gon",
            "2": "कड़ा",
            "3": "కలం"
          },
          "expansion": "Gondi: कड़ा, కలం (kalaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gondi: कड़ा, కలం (kalaṁ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mha",
            "2": "କା୕ଡ଼ା"
          },
          "expansion": "Manda (India): କା୕ଡ଼ା (kāṛa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manda (India): କା୕ଡ଼ା (kāṛa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kxu",
            "2": "କ୍ଲାଇ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kui (India): କ୍ଲାଇ (klai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kui (India): କ୍ଲାଇ (klai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kxv",
            "2": "କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ",
            "3": "କାଲୋ୕ମି"
          },
          "expansion": "Kuvi: କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ (kṛanū), କାଲୋ୕ମି (kalōmi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kuvi: କ୍ଡ଼ାନୂ (kṛanū), କାଲୋ୕ମି (kalōmi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kfb",
            "2": "కలవె"
          },
          "expansion": "Kolami: కలవె (kalave)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kolami: కలవె (kalave)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nit",
            "2": "కళవె",
            "3": "కలై"
          },
          "expansion": "Southeastern Kolami: కళవె (kaḷave), కలై (kalai)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southeastern Kolami: కళవె (kaḷave), కలై (kalai)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gdb",
            "2": "కలిన్"
          },
          "expansion": "Ollari: కలిన్ (kalin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ollari: కలిన్ (kalin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Dravidian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmj",
            "2": "क़लु"
          },
          "expansion": "Kumarbhag Paharia: क़लु",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kumarbhag Paharia: क़लु"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kru",
            "2": "ख़ल्ल"
          },
          "expansion": "Kurukh: ख़ल्ल (xall)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kurukh: ख़ल्ल (xall)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "खल",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sanskrit: खल (khala)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sanskrit: खल (khala) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Compound"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "*kaḷ",
        "3": "*-am"
      },
      "expansion": "Compound of *kaḷ + *-am",
      "name": "com+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "𒄩𒌌",
        "t": "land",
        "tr": "hal"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of *kaḷ + *-am. Disputed to have a connection with Elamite 𒄩𒌌 (hal, “land”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*kaḷam",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
  "lang_code": "dra-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/kaḷam",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Gondi terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Dravidian compound terms",
        "Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Dravidian lemmas",
        "Proto-Dravidian nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an open place (threshing floor, battle ground)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "threshing",
          "threshing"
        ],
        [
          "floor",
          "floor"
        ],
        [
          "battle",
          "battle"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "kaḷan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kaḷam"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kaḷam meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.