See káwfš on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "kō̈pân",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "kufon",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kūfū̊n",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "кӯфу̊н"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "camel's hump",
"roman": "kūpōn",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "кӯпон"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "kopān",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "→? Alanic: *xonx"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*kuβi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *kuβi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *kuβi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-sar-pro",
"alt": "*kuβya",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Sarmatian: *kuβya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Sarmatian: *kuβya"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xln",
"alt": "*kuppæ"
},
"expansion": "Alanic: *kuppæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alanic: *kuppæ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "къупп",
"3": "",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: къупп (k’upp, “hill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: къупп (k’upp, “hill”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro",
"alt": "*kuβi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kuβi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kuβi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "heap",
"tr": "kuvä"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (kuvä, “heap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (kuvä, “heap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "kəp",
"t": "hump"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: kəp (“hump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: kəp (“hump”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "kwf"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (kwf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (kwf)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫐𐫇𐫁",
"tr": "kwb"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: 𐫐𐫇𐫁 (kwb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: 𐫐𐫇𐫁 (kwb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"tr": "kūp"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: [script needed] (kūp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: [script needed] (kūp)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "کوب",
"tr": "kub, kwab"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: کوب (kub, kwab)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: کوب (kub, kwab)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgy",
"tr": "kīf"
},
"expansion": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (kīf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (kīf)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mny-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnj",
"tr": "kīfa"
},
"expansion": "Munji: [script needed] (kīfa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munji: [script needed] (kīfa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"tr": "ḱifa"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: [script needed] (ḱifa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: [script needed] (ḱifa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "kū"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: kū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: kū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "kiep"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: kiep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: kiep"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "кӯп",
"qq": "Bartangi, Oroshori"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: кӯп (kūp) (Bartangi, Oroshori)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: кӯп (kūp) (Bartangi, Oroshori)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-wnj",
"2": "kub",
"3": "kup"
},
"expansion": "Vanji: kub, kup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vanji: kub, kup"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "кәп",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: кәп (kəp, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: кәп (kəp, “rock, stone”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "кәпич",
"3": "қәпич",
"4": "кпич"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: кәпич (kəpič), қәпич (qəpič), кпич (kpič)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: кәпич (kəpič), қәпич (qəpič), кпич (kpič)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"tr": "kōpak"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: [script needed] (kōpak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: [script needed] (kōpak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kêf"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kêf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kêf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"tr": "kub, kwab, kub"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: [script needed] (kub, kwab, kub)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: [script needed] (kub, kwab, kub)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "ку",
"3": "куроғ"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: ку, куроғ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: ку, куроғ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫐𐫇𐫜",
"3": "𐫞𐫇𐫜",
"4": "𐫞𐫇𐫛"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫜 (qwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫜 (qwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: کو (ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: کو (ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zum",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "kō"
},
"expansion": "Kumzari: کو (kō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumzari: کو (kō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrl",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "kü,kōw,kēb,kōh"
},
"expansion": "Larestani: کو (kü,kōw,kēb,kōh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Larestani: کو (kü,kōw,kēb,kōh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎣𐎢𐎳",
"ts": "kaufaʰ"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /kaufaʰ/)\nMiddle Persian: (/kōf/)\nManichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)\nClassical Persian: کوه (kōh)\nIranian Persian: کوه (kuh)\nTajik: кӯҳ (küh)\n→ Äynu: کوه (kox)\n→ Hindi: कोह (koh)\n→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)\n→ Urdu: کوہ (koh)\n→ Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /kaufaʰ/)\nMiddle Persian: (/kōf/)\nManichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)\nClassical Persian: کوه (kōh)\nIranian Persian: کوه (kuh)\nTajik: кӯҳ (küh)\n→ Äynu: کوه (kox)\n→ Hindi: कोह (koh)\n→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)\n→ Urdu: کوہ (koh)\n→ Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gju",
"2": "کوہ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "koh"
},
"expansion": "→ Gojri: کوہ (koh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gojri: کوہ (koh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կոհակ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: կոհակ (kohak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: կոհակ (kohak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewHp-",
"t": "heap; to heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewHp- (“heap; to heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कूप",
"t": "well, hole"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “well, hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cūpa",
"t": "tub, cask"
},
"expansion": "Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hubil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hubil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "huvil",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon huvil (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũpas",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kewHp- (“heap; to heap”). Cognate with Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “well, hole”), Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), Old High German hubil, Old Saxon huvil (“hill”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), kaupiù (“to heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "káwfš ~ kupás",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*káwfš ~ kupás"
},
"expansion": "*káwfš ~ kupás",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/káwfš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill, mountain"
],
"id": "en-káwfš-ira-pro-noun-0bBTfiCP",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gr̥Híš"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"roman": "kuhân",
"sense": "Classical Persian: کوهان (kōhān)",
"tags": [
"Iranian-Persian"
],
"word": "کوهان"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"roman": "kühon",
"sense": "Classical Persian: کوهان (kōhān)",
"tags": [
"Tajik"
],
"word": "кӯҳон"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hump (of a camel)"
],
"id": "en-káwfš-ira-pro-noun-JKF5JnQ2",
"links": [
[
"hump",
"hump"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "káwfš"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Baluchi terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Khwarezmian terms",
"Requests for native script for Munji terms",
"Requests for native script for Ormuri terms",
"Requests for native script for Sanglechi terms",
"Requests for native script for Semnani terms",
"Requests for native script for Yidgha terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "kō̈pân",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"alt": "kufon",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "kūfū̊n",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "кӯфу̊н"
},
{
"english": "camel's hump",
"roman": "kūpōn",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "кӯпон"
},
{
"alt": "kopān",
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "kuhân",
"sense": "Classical Persian: کوهان (kōhān)",
"tags": [
"Iranian-Persian"
],
"word": "کوهان"
},
{
"roman": "kühon",
"sense": "Classical Persian: کوهان (kōhān)",
"tags": [
"Tajik"
],
"word": "кӯҳон"
},
{
"sense": "*káwfaHnah",
"word": "→? Alanic: *xonx"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*kuβi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *kuβi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *kuβi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-sar-pro",
"alt": "*kuβya",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Sarmatian: *kuβya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Sarmatian: *kuβya"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xln",
"alt": "*kuppæ"
},
"expansion": "Alanic: *kuppæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alanic: *kuppæ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "къупп",
"3": "",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: къупп (k’upp, “hill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: къупп (k’upp, “hill”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro",
"alt": "*kuβi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kuβi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kuβi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "heap",
"tr": "kuvä"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (kuvä, “heap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (kuvä, “heap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "kəp",
"t": "hump"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: kəp (“hump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: kəp (“hump”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "kwf"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (kwf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (kwf)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫐𐫇𐫁",
"tr": "kwb"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: 𐫐𐫇𐫁 (kwb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: 𐫐𐫇𐫁 (kwb)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"tr": "kūp"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: [script needed] (kūp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: [script needed] (kūp)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "کوب",
"tr": "kub, kwab"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: کوب (kub, kwab)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: کوب (kub, kwab)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgy",
"tr": "kīf"
},
"expansion": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (kīf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanglechi: [script needed] (kīf)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mny-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Munji-Yidgha:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnj",
"tr": "kīfa"
},
"expansion": "Munji: [script needed] (kīfa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Munji: [script needed] (kīfa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"tr": "ḱifa"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: [script needed] (ḱifa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: [script needed] (ḱifa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "kū"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: kū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: kū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "kiep"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: kiep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: kiep"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "кӯп",
"qq": "Bartangi, Oroshori"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: кӯп (kūp) (Bartangi, Oroshori)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: кӯп (kūp) (Bartangi, Oroshori)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-wnj",
"2": "kub",
"3": "kup"
},
"expansion": "Vanji: kub, kup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vanji: kub, kup"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "кәп",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: кәп (kəp, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: кәп (kəp, “rock, stone”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "кәпич",
"3": "қәпич",
"4": "кпич"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: кәпич (kəpič), қәпич (qəpič), кпич (kpič)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: кәпич (kəpič), қәпич (qəpič), кпич (kpič)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"tr": "kōpak"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: [script needed] (kōpak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: [script needed] (kōpak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kêf"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kêf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kêf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smy",
"tr": "kub, kwab, kub"
},
"expansion": "Semnani: [script needed] (kub, kwab, kub)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Semnani: [script needed] (kub, kwab, kub)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "ку",
"3": "куроғ"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: ку, куроғ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: ку, куроғ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫐𐫇𐫜",
"3": "𐫞𐫇𐫜",
"4": "𐫞𐫇𐫛"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫜 (qwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫜 (qwf), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: کو (ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: کو (ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zum",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "kō"
},
"expansion": "Kumzari: کو (kō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumzari: کو (kō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrl",
"2": "کو",
"tr": "kü,kōw,kēb,kōh"
},
"expansion": "Larestani: کو (kü,kōw,kēb,kōh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Larestani: کو (kü,kōw,kēb,kōh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎣𐎢𐎳",
"ts": "kaufaʰ"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /kaufaʰ/)\nMiddle Persian: (/kōf/)\nManichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)\nClassical Persian: کوه (kōh)\nIranian Persian: کوه (kuh)\nTajik: кӯҳ (küh)\n→ Äynu: کوه (kox)\n→ Hindi: कोह (koh)\n→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)\n→ Urdu: کوہ (koh)\n→ Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /kaufaʰ/)\nMiddle Persian: (/kōf/)\nManichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)\nClassical Persian: کوه (kōh)\nIranian Persian: کوه (kuh)\nTajik: кӯҳ (küh)\n→ Äynu: کوه (kox)\n→ Hindi: कोह (koh)\n→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)\n→ Urdu: کوہ (koh)\n→ Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gju",
"2": "کوہ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "koh"
},
"expansion": "→ Gojri: کوہ (koh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gojri: کوہ (koh)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կոհակ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: կոհակ (kohak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: կոհակ (kohak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewHp-",
"t": "heap; to heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewHp- (“heap; to heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कूप",
"t": "well, hole"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “well, hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cūpa",
"t": "tub, cask"
},
"expansion": "Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hubil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hubil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "huvil",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon huvil (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũpas",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kewHp- (“heap; to heap”). Cognate with Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “well, hole”), Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), Old High German hubil, Old Saxon huvil (“hill”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), kaupiù (“to heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "káwfš ~ kupás",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*káwfš ~ kupás"
},
"expansion": "*káwfš ~ kupás",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/káwfš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hill, mountain"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gr̥Híš"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hump (of a camel)"
],
"links": [
[
"hump",
"hump"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "káwfš"
}
Download raw JSONL data for káwfš meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.