ju

head

ju (accusative ju, dative juve, ablative jush)

ju (accusative)
juve (dative)
jush (ablative)
ju (nominative)
jush (ablative)
ju (accusative)
ju (accusative clitic)
juve (dative)
ju (clitic dative)
juaj
juaji (possessive pronoun)

From Proto-Albanian *ju(s) identical with Lithuanian jūs id., Gothic jūs id., English you. Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.


ju

Ju sai rau.

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Cognate with Sicilian ju.


ju

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


ju

(Hong Kong, slang) Someone admitted to university through the JUPAS system.


ju

1903, Ben Elmy, “La Lingvo de la floroj”, in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138:

The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.

the; used with des and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the first half of a coordinated comparative.


ju

Ma ju armastan sind.

Emphasises what is spoken, usually because it is already known and obvious to both parties.

Ju ta tahab homme minna.

From Proto-Finnic *jo (“already”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju (“already; yet; now”). Cognate to Finnish jo, Votic jo, and Ludian ďo.


ju

The hiragana syllable じゅ (ju) or the katakana syllable ジュ (ju) in Hepburn romanization.

The hiragana syllable ぢゅ (ju) or the katakana syllable ヂュ (ju) in Hepburn romanization.


ju

(Flemish, Holland) accusative/dative of gi


ju

jû (canonical)
ik (ek) (first-person nominative singular)
mî (mê, mik, mek) (accusative dative first-person singular)
mîn (first-person genitive singular)
mîner (first-person genitive singular)
dû (nominative second-person singular)
dî (dê, dik, dek) (accusative dative second-person singular)
dîn (genitive second-person singular)
dîner (genitive second-person singular)
hê (hî, hie) (masculine nominative singular third-person)
ēne (accusative masculine singular third-person)
en (ȫne, ȫn) (accusative masculine singular third-person)
ēme (dative masculine singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative masculine singular third-person)
sîn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
sîner (genitive masculine singular third-person)
it (et) (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
ēme (dative neuter singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative neuter singular third-person)
sîn (genitive neuter singular third-person)
sîner (genitive neuter singular third-person)
sê (sî, sie, sü̂) (accusative feminine nominative singular third-person)
ēre (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wî (wê, wie) (first-person nominative plural)
uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) (accusative dative first-person plural)
unser (first-person genitive plural)
ûser (first-person genitive plural)
gî (jê, î) (nominative plural second-person)
jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) (accusative dative plural second-person)
jûwer (genitive plural second-person)
ûwer (genitive plural second-person)
sê (sî, sie) (accusative nominative plural third-person)
em (dative plural third-person)
öm (dative plural third-person)
jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) (dative plural third-person)
ēre (genitive plural third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (genitive plural third-person)
jûw (alternative)

Low German: ju, jug, jo, jau, u, ugg

From Old Saxon iu, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.


ju

jû (canonical)
jû (nominative singular strong)
jûwe (nominative plural strong)
jûwen (accusative masculine singular strong)
jû (accusative neuter singular strong)
jûwe (accusative feminine singular strong)
jûwe (accusative plural strong)
jûwem (jûwenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) (dative masculine neuter singular strong)
jûweme (jûwenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) (dative masculine neuter singular strong)
jûwer (dative feminine singular strong)
jûwere (dative feminine singular strong)
jûwen (dative plural strong)
jûwes (genitive masculine neuter singular strong)
jûwer (feminine genitive singular strong)
jûwere (feminine genitive singular strong)
jûwer (genitive plural strong)
jûwere (genitive plural strong)
jûwe (nominative singular weak)
jûwen (nominative plural weak)
jûwen (accusative masculine singular weak)
jûwe (accusative neuter singular weak)
jûwen (accusative feminine weak)
jûwen (accusative weak)
jûwen (dative weak)
jûwen (genitive weak)


ju

fro-noun

ju oblique singular, m (oblique plural jus, nominative singular jus, nominative plural ju)

ju oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jus (oblique plural)
jus (nominative singular)
ju (nominative plural)


ju

jū (canonical)
ik (first-person nominative singular)
mī (accusative first-person singular)
mī (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
thū (nominative second-person singular)
thī (accusative second-person singular)
thī (dative second-person singular)
thīn (genitive second-person singular)
hī (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
sīn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hiū (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hiō (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hiā (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine singular third-person)
hiāre (dative feminine singular third-person)
hire (feminine genitive singular third-person)
hiāre (feminine genitive singular third-person)
hit (neuter nominative singular third-person)
hit (accusative neuter singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
sīn (genitive neuter singular third-person)
wī (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
jī (nominative plural second-person)
jū (accusative plural second-person)
jō (accusative plural second-person)
jū (dative plural second-person)
jō (dative plural second-person)
jūwer (genitive plural second-person)
hiā (nominative plural third-person)
hiā (accusative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
hirem (dative plural third-person)
hiārem (dative plural third-person)
hira (genitive plural third-person)
hiāra (genitive plural third-person)
iu (alternative)
jō (alternative)
io (alternative)

North Frisian: juu

Saterland Frisian: jou, Jou

West Frisian: jo

From Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.


ju

Proto-West Germanic: *jū

Old English: iū, ġeō; ġēn, ġīen, ġēna, ġīena

Middle English: iu

Old Saxon: jū, giū, gio, īū

Middle Low German: iû, jû

Old Dutch: *jū, ju, iu

Old High German: jū, giu

Middle High German: jū

Gothic: 𐌾𐌿 (ju)

desctree

→ Proto-Finnic: *jo (“already”)
Estonian: ju
Finnish: jo
Ingrian: jo
Karelian:
North Karelian: jo
South Karelian: jo
Livonian: jo, ju
Livvi: jo
Ludian: d'o
Veps: jo
Võro: jo, joq
Votic: jo

* Apparently derived from the feminine accusative form of the pronoun Proto-Indo-European *yā́m, itself thematic form of Proto-Indo-European *íh₂m, see also Latvian jau (“already”), Lithuanian jau, Polish już, and Latin iam (“already, now”). The Germanic and Balto-Slavic words represent the locative case, while the Latin descended from the accusative.
* Based on a long stem vowel in Old High German derived from u-stem locative *h₂y-éw to Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu, compare Lithuanian jaū, Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, etc.


ju

ju- (stem)
ju (nominative singular)
jujas (nominative plural)
ju (accusative indefinite singular)
jujas (accusative indefinite plural)
juäs (accusative definite singular)
jujasäs (accusative definite plural)
juän (instrumental singular)
jujasän (instrumental plural)
jutäk (caritive singular)
jujastäk (caritive plural)
jula (consecutive singular)
jujasla (consecutive plural)
julän (genitive singular)
jujaslän (genitive plural)
juliś (ablative singular)
jujasliś (ablative plural)
juli (dative singular)
jujasli (dative plural)
juin (inessive singular)
jujasin (inessive plural)
juiś (elative singular)
jujasiś (elative plural)
juä (illative singular)
jujasä (illative plural)
juśań (egressive singular)
jujasśań (egressive plural)
julań (approximative singular)
jujaslań (approximative plural)
juäʒ́ (singular terminative)
jujasäʒ́ (plural terminative)
juti (singular translative)
jujasti (plural translative)

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: ю (ju)

Komi-Yazva: ю (ju)

Komi-Zyrian: ю (ju)

Udmurt: ю (ju) (in toponyms)

From Proto-Uralic *joke. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *joki.


ju

singular imperative/connegative of *juni

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: ю (ju)

Komi-Yazva: ю (ju)

Komi-Zyrian: ю (ju)

Udmurt: ю (ju)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ju

From Old Frisian hiū, from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō. Cognates include West Frisian hja and English hoo.


ju

her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))

ју (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)


ju

Ju sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu.

ju (nominative)
mìa (prepositional)
mi (accusative)
mi (dative)
mi (reflexive)
jo (alternative)
eu (alternative)
jeu (alternative)
ia (alternative)
iu (alternative)
jù (alternative)
jèu (alternative)
jò (alternative)
ìa (alternative)
ìu (alternative)

Possibly retained from a medieval dialectal usage of Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), through a technical reconstruction in the form of *egú ~ *igú < *(i)jú. Otherwise from an oxytonical change of Classical Latin egō̆. Cognate with Aromanian iou, Corsican eiu, French je, Italian and Neapolitan io, Catalan jo, Galician and Portuguese eu, Romanian eu, Spanish yo, Sardinian ego. Doublet of eu.


ju

Bussen går ju klockan tre.

The bus of course leaves at three o'clock / But the bus leaves at three o'clock (with an expectation that the second party in the conversation is aware of the fact)

Det var ju inte så bra att vi missade bussen. Nu hinner vi inte med flyget.

It wasn't great that we missed the bus, of course. Now we will miss the flight.

Varför gjorde du det inte? Du lovade ju!

Why didn't you do it? You promised (as you know)!

– Filmen var bra. – Det var den ju inte alls!

– The movie was good. – No it wasn't (and this should be our common understanding, as a fact – the ju adds a bit of an argumentative tone, similar to the "No")!

Vad fan, ytterdörren står öppen

What the hell, the front door is open (think two people coming home)

Vad fan, ytterdörren står ju öppen

What the hell, the front door is open (and this is (or will very soon be) our common understanding, as a fact, as you can also see that it is open – the ju just acts as an emphasizer here)

Indicates an expectation of shared understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – "as you well know," "of course."

Ju större, desto bättre.

From Old Swedish iū, io. Compare Danish jo, Norwegian Nynorsk jo, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).


ju

Hai, ju! Aya awauta apisun wiu. Ume eu. Aya awauta apisun wiu, ju. Hoona! Iseju, wi.

"Well, dear! Let's find ourselves a lover," she said. "Let's look for a lover for ourselves, my dear." "Agreed!" [said] her younger sister.

Pitsu neke, ju! uma pakai paiseju ipitsi. Pitsu neke, ju.

"Your turn now, dearie," the woman said to her younger sister. "Your turn, my dear."

Munyakawaka wi, kamwo putukawiu, naatsa kamwi eu whun. Hoona! Hai, ju! Aya waku wiu, ju! Hoona! uma pakai. Aya waku wi! Tuma ulepiu!

It began to be light, the sun showed itself, it was just here on the horizon. So! [The women said to one another:] "Hey there, my dear! Let's go to the riverside, dear!" "Yes, let's do!" came the reply. "Let's go to the river, indeed!" They began to make fresh manioc bread [to give their lover when they met him at the river's edge].

Ayama ju! Hoona! Iyapai otepo. Onupene otepoga akain! Eh! Ewetemewi, ju! Hokotawi tsiiiii!

"Let's go [visit the tree] once again, dear!" [the older sister said to the younger]. "All right!" [the younger sister agreed]. [They] went under [the tree]. They saw pequi fruit [on the ground] beneath [the tree]! "Ah! Let's taste it, dear!" [She] cut [it] open: tsiiiii! [sound of slicing open the fruit]

my dear(s), dearie (intimate yet very courteous term of address from one woman to another, esp. to a female sibling, close relative, or companion)


ju

you (second-person singular personal pronoun)