See iugerum on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jugerum"
},
"expansion": "English: jugerum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: jugerum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "jugère"
},
"expansion": "French: jugère",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: jugère"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "iugero"
},
"expansion": "Italian: iugero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: iugero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "iugăr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: iugăr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: iugăr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*jougos",
"4": "",
"5": "yoked team of animals"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yéwgos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos. The plural preserves the original consonant-stem forms (from an unattested singular *iūgus), while the singular was back-formed from the nominative-accusative plural as a 2nd declension noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgeribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgeribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iūgerum<irreg>",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "iūgerum n (irregular, variously declined, genitive iūgerī); second declension, third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iūgerum<irreg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin nouns with multiple declensions",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple declensions",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "la:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day; the versus is an area 100 feet square; the iugerum an area containing two square actus.",
"ref": "1st century BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III (Agricultural Topics in Three Books). Liber I, X",
"text": "Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A juger, a Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (approximately ⅔ acre or ¼ hectare)."
],
"id": "en-iugerum-la-noun-j3fC7u3M",
"links": [
[
"juger",
"juger"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent"
],
[
"acti",
"actus"
],
[
"square",
"square"
],
[
"feet",
"Roman foot"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"acre",
"acre"
],
[
"hectare",
"hectare"
]
],
"meronyms": [
{
"word": "decempeda (1⁄288 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "clima (1⁄8 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "actus (1⁄2 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "heredium (2 iugera)"
},
{
"word": "centuria (200 iugera)"
},
{
"word": "saltus (800 iugera)"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical units of measure) A juger, a Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (approximately ⅔ acre or ¼ hectare)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jūgerum"
},
{
"word": "iūger"
},
{
"word": "jūger"
},
{
"word": "iūgerus"
},
{
"word": "jūgerus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"declension-3",
"historical",
"irregular"
],
"topics": [
"units-of-measure"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯uː.ɡe.rum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯uːɡɛrʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.d͡ʒe.rum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːd͡ʒerum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "iugerum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jugerum"
},
"expansion": "English: jugerum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: jugerum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "jugère"
},
"expansion": "French: jugère",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: jugère"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "iugero"
},
"expansion": "Italian: iugero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: iugero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "iugăr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: iugăr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: iugăr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*jougos",
"4": "",
"5": "yoked team of animals"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yéwgos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *jougos (“yoked team of animals”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwgos. The plural preserves the original consonant-stem forms (from an unattested singular *iūgus), while the singular was back-formed from the nominative-accusative plural as a 2nd declension noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgeribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgeribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "iūgera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iūgerum<irreg>",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "iūgerum n (irregular, variously declined, genitive iūgerī); second declension, third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iūgerum<irreg>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"meronyms": [
{
"word": "decempeda (1⁄288 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "clima (1⁄8 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "actus (1⁄2 iugerum)"
},
{
"word": "heredium (2 iugera)"
},
{
"word": "centuria (200 iugera)"
},
{
"word": "saltus (800 iugera)"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin irregular nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter irregular nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple declensions",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with historical senses",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Units of measure"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day; the versus is an area 100 feet square; the iugerum an area containing two square actus.",
"ref": "1st century BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III (Agricultural Topics in Three Books). Liber I, X",
"text": "Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A juger, a Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (approximately ⅔ acre or ¼ hectare)."
],
"links": [
[
"juger",
"juger"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"equivalent",
"equivalent"
],
[
"acti",
"actus"
],
[
"square",
"square"
],
[
"feet",
"Roman foot"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"acre",
"acre"
],
[
"hectare",
"hectare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical units of measure) A juger, a Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (approximately ⅔ acre or ¼ hectare)."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"declension-3",
"historical",
"irregular"
],
"topics": [
"units-of-measure"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯uː.ɡe.rum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯uːɡɛrʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.d͡ʒe.rum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːd͡ʒerum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jūgerum"
},
{
"word": "iūger"
},
{
"word": "jūger"
},
{
"word": "iūgerus"
},
{
"word": "jūgerus"
}
],
"word": "iugerum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for iugerum meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: variously declined",
"path": [
"iugerum"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "iugerum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.