"hwerbaną" meaning in All languages combined

See hwerbaną on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”). Etymology templates: {{m|ine-pro||*kʷerp-}} *kʷerp-, {{m|gem-pro||*hwerfaną}} *hwerfaną, {{cog|grc|καρπός||wrist}} Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|hwerb|hwarb|hurb|hurb|class=3|nopass=1}} Forms: strong [table-tags], hwerbō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hwerbaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], hwerbai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], hwirbizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hwerbaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwerb [active, imperative, second-person, singular], hwerbazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], hwerbaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwirbidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hwerbai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hwerbadau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], hwerbadai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], hwerbaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hwerbōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hwerbaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], hwerbadiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hwerbaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hwerbadiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], hwerbamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hwerbaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], hwerbandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], hwerbaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], hwirbid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hwerbaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hwirbid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], hwerbandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], hwerbaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hwerbandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hwerbain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwerbandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], hwerbandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], hwerbaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwarb [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hurbį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], hwarft [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hurbīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwarb [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hurbī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hurbū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hurbīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], hurbudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hurbīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hurbum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hurbīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], hurbud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hurbīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hurbun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hurbīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwerbandz [active, participle, present], hurbanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to turn; turn around Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-dHJgpcyg
  2. to move; move about Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-UaR40aBA Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 15 82 3
  3. to change Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-WB4OyXXt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: hwarbijaną, hwarbōną, hwirbilaz, hwurbōną

Download JSON data for hwerbaną meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hwarbijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hwarbōną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hwirbilaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hwurbōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hwerban"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwerban\nOld English: hweorfan\nMiddle English: wherven, wharven\nEnglish: wharve, wherve\nOld Frisian: hwerva\nOld Saxon: hwervan, hwerban\nMiddle Low German: warven, warben\nOld Dutch: *wervan\nMiddle Dutch: werven\nDutch: werven\nLimburgish: wèrve\nOld High German: hwerban, werban\nMiddle High German: werben, werven\nGerman: werben",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwerban\nOld English: hweorfan\nMiddle English: wherven, wharven\nEnglish: wharve, wherve\nOld Frisian: hwerva\nOld Saxon: hwervan, hwerban\nMiddle Low German: warven, warben\nOld Dutch: *wervan\nMiddle Dutch: werven\nDutch: werven\nLimburgish: wèrve\nOld High German: hwerban, werban\nMiddle High German: werben, werven\nGerman: werben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hverfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hverfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hverfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "hverfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: hverfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: hverfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "hvørva"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: hvørva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: hvørva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "kverve"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: kverve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: kverve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "hverre"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: hverre",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*hwarbijaną"
          },
          "expansion": "*hwarbijaną",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: hverre (partly; conflated with the causative *hwarbijaną)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "hværva"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: hværva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: hværva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "värva"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: värva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: värva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (ƕairban)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (ƕairban)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*kʷerp-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷerp-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*hwerfaną"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwerfaną",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καρπός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wrist"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hwerb",
        "2": "hwarb",
        "3": "hurb",
        "4": "hurb",
        "class": "3",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwerbaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to turn; turn around"
      ],
      "id": "en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-dHJgpcyg",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "turn around",
          "turn around"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 82 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move; move about"
      ],
      "id": "en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-UaR40aBA",
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "move about",
          "move about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to change"
      ],
      "id": "en-hwerbaną-gem-pro-verb-WB4OyXXt",
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hwerbaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hwarbijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "hwarbōną"
    },
    {
      "word": "hwirbilaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "hwurbōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hwerban"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwerban\nOld English: hweorfan\nMiddle English: wherven, wharven\nEnglish: wharve, wherve\nOld Frisian: hwerva\nOld Saxon: hwervan, hwerban\nMiddle Low German: warven, warben\nOld Dutch: *wervan\nMiddle Dutch: werven\nDutch: werven\nLimburgish: wèrve\nOld High German: hwerban, werban\nMiddle High German: werben, werven\nGerman: werben",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hwerban\nOld English: hweorfan\nMiddle English: wherven, wharven\nEnglish: wharve, wherve\nOld Frisian: hwerva\nOld Saxon: hwervan, hwerban\nMiddle Low German: warven, warben\nOld Dutch: *wervan\nMiddle Dutch: werven\nDutch: werven\nLimburgish: wèrve\nOld High German: hwerban, werban\nMiddle High German: werben, werven\nGerman: werben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hverfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hverfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hverfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "hverfa"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: hverfa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: hverfa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "hvørva"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: hvørva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: hvørva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "kverve"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: kverve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: kverve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "hverre"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: hverre",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*hwarbijaną"
          },
          "expansion": "*hwarbijaną",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: hverre (partly; conflated with the causative *hwarbijaną)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "hværva"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: hværva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: hværva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "värva"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: värva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: värva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (ƕairban)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (ƕairban)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*kʷerp-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷerp-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*hwerfaną"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwerfaną",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καρπός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wrist"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwarb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwerbandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hurbanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hwerb",
        "2": "hwarb",
        "3": "hurb",
        "4": "hurb",
        "class": "3",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwerbaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to turn; turn around"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "turn around",
          "turn around"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move; move about"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "move about",
          "move about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to change"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hwerbaną"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.