See h₃ep- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for h₃ep- meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Háp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्",
"tr": "áp"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अप् (áp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अप् (áp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃op-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*h₃op-éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃op-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*opā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *opā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *opā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀃𐀞",
"ts": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀞 (o-pa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃erbʰ-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": ">? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀞 (o-pa) (unless < *h₃erbʰ-?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-(i)s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-(i)s",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃óp-(i)s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃óp-(i)s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-(i)s, *h₃óp-(i)s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ops"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ops",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōpia",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ cōpia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ops, ⇒ cōpia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Oscan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Oscan:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-lom"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-lom",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-lom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*aflą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *aflą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *aflą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ep-en-o-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ep-en-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ep-en-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ep-en-ont-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ep-en-ont-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ep-en-ont-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝",
"tr": "ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za",
"ts": "ḫappinanta"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za /ḫappinanta/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za /ḫappinanta/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opelentos"
},
"expansion": "*opelentos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Italic: *opelentos (by dissimilation of *n-*n to *l-*n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "opulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: opulentus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: opulentus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-n-i-s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-n-i-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-n-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opnis\nLatin: omnis (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: úinim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opnis\nLatin: omnis (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: úinim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्नस्",
"tr": "ápnas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अप्नस् (ápnas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अप्नस् (ápnas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अपस्",
"tr": "ápas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HsuHápas",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HsuHápas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hsu-"
},
"expansion": "*Hsu-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compounded with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*Hsu-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(compounded with *Hsu-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HsuHápas (compounded with *Hsu-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "opus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: opus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: opus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opezāō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *opezāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *opezāō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "operor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: operor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: operor"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌 (úpsannúm)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.sg.m.n."
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖 (úpsannu, gerundive.acc.sg.m.n.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌 (úpsannúm), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖 (úpsannu, gerundive.acc.sg.m.n.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsannam)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.sg.f."
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsanam, gerundive.acc.sg.f.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsannam), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsanam, gerundive.acc.sg.f.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "οπσανω",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.pl.n."
},
"expansion": "οπσανω (gerundive.acc.pl.n.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "οπσανω (gerundive.acc.pl.n.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (úpsed)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃",
"pos": "3s.pf."
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (upsed, 3s.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (úpsed), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (upsed, 3s.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (uupsens)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (upsens)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ουπσενς",
"pos": "3p.pf."
},
"expansion": "ουπσενς (3p.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (uupsens), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (upsens), ουπσενς (3p.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕",
"pos": "3p.pf.ps.n.?"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕 (upsatuh sent, 3p.pf.ps.n.?)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕 (upsatuh sent, 3p.pf.ps.n.?)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "upsaseter",
"pos": "3s/p.ipf.sb.ps."
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: upsaseter (3s/p.ipf.sb.ps.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: upsaseter (3s/p.ipf.sb.ps.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "South Picene:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Picene:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌",
"pos": "inf."
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌 (opesaúom, inf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌 (opesaúom, inf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕"
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕 (opsút)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒",
"pos": "3s.pf."
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒 (opsúq, 3s.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕 (opsút), ·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒 (opsúq, 3s.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "osatu",
"pos": "3s.ipv.II"
},
"expansion": "osatu (3s.ipv.II)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "osatu (3s.ipv.II)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "opset",
"3": "oset(a est)"
},
"expansion": "oset(a est)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "oseto",
"3": "oseto (est)",
"pos": "3s.pf.ps.f."
},
"expansion": "oseto (est) (3s.pf.ps.f.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "oset(a est), oseto (est) (3s.pf.ps.f.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvs",
"2": "ośens",
"pos": "3p.pf."
},
"expansion": "Vestinian: ośens (3p.pf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vestinian: ośens (3p.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦",
"tr": "ḫa-a-ap-pár",
"ts": "ḫāppar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 (ḫa-a-ap-pár /ḫāppar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 (ḫa-a-ap-pár /ḫāppar/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*apstus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apstus",
"t": "rich, plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "punë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: punë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: punë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*աւն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *աւն (*awn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *աւն (*awn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*abnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *abnijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *abnijaną (see there for further descendants) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄμπνη",
"t": "nourishment",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “nourishment”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qsb-grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "most likely Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(most likely Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “nourishment”) (most likely Pre-Greek)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to work, toil, make"
],
"id": "en-h₃ep--ine-pro-root-iEI3ubbB",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ability, force"
],
"id": "en-h₃ep--ine-pro-root-pcHX-mLN",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "h₃ep-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European HeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Háp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्",
"tr": "áp"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अप् (áp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अप् (áp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃op-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*h₃op-éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃op-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*opā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *opā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *opā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀃𐀞",
"ts": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀞 (o-pa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃erbʰ-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": ">? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀞 (o-pa) (unless < *h₃erbʰ-?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-(i)s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-(i)s",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃óp-(i)s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃óp-(i)s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-(i)s, *h₃óp-(i)s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ops"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ops",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōpia",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ cōpia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ops, ⇒ cōpia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Oscan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Oscan:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-lom"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-lom",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-lom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*aflą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *aflą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *aflą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ep-en-o-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ep-en-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ep-en-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ep-en-ont-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ep-en-ont-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ep-en-ont-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝",
"tr": "ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za",
"ts": "ḫappinanta"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za /ḫappinanta/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za /ḫappinanta/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opelentos"
},
"expansion": "*opelentos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Italic: *opelentos (by dissimilation of *n-*n to *l-*n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "opulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: opulentus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: opulentus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-n-i-s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-n-i-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-n-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opnis\nLatin: omnis (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: úinim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opnis\nLatin: omnis (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: úinim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अप्नस्",
"tr": "ápnas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अप्नस् (ápnas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अप्नस् (ápnas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hápas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अपस्",
"tr": "ápas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HsuHápas",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HsuHápas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hsu-"
},
"expansion": "*Hsu-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compounded with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">*Hsu-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(compounded with *Hsu-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HsuHápas (compounded with *Hsu-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *opos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *opos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "opus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: opus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: opus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*opezāō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *opezāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *opezāō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "operor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: operor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: operor"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌 (úpsannúm)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.sg.m.n."
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖 (úpsannu, gerundive.acc.sg.m.n.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌 (úpsannúm), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖 (úpsannu, gerundive.acc.sg.m.n.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsannam)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.sg.f."
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsanam, gerundive.acc.sg.f.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsannam), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsanam, gerundive.acc.sg.f.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "οπσανω",
"pos": "gerundive.acc.pl.n."
},
"expansion": "οπσανω (gerundive.acc.pl.n.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "οπσανω (gerundive.acc.pl.n.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃"
},
"expansion": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (úpsed)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃",
"pos": "3s.pf."
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (upsed, 3s.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (úpsed), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (upsed, 3s.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (uupsens)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (upsens)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ουπσενς",
"pos": "3p.pf."
},
"expansion": "ουπσενς (3p.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (uupsens), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (upsens), ουπσενς (3p.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕",
"pos": "3p.pf.ps.n.?"
},
"expansion": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕 (upsatuh sent, 3p.pf.ps.n.?)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕 (upsatuh sent, 3p.pf.ps.n.?)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "upsaseter",
"pos": "3s/p.ipf.sb.ps."
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: upsaseter (3s/p.ipf.sb.ps.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: upsaseter (3s/p.ipf.sb.ps.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "South Picene:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Picene:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌",
"pos": "inf."
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌 (opesaúom, inf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌 (opesaúom, inf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕"
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕 (opsút)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒",
"pos": "3s.pf."
},
"expansion": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒 (opsúq, 3s.pf.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕 (opsút), ·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒 (opsúq, 3s.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "osatu",
"pos": "3s.ipv.II"
},
"expansion": "osatu (3s.ipv.II)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "osatu (3s.ipv.II)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "opset",
"3": "oset(a est)"
},
"expansion": "oset(a est)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "oseto",
"3": "oseto (est)",
"pos": "3s.pf.ps.f."
},
"expansion": "oseto (est) (3s.pf.ps.f.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "oset(a est), oseto (est) (3s.pf.ps.f.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvs",
"2": "ośens",
"pos": "3p.pf."
},
"expansion": "Vestinian: ośens (3p.pf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vestinian: ośens (3p.pf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦",
"tr": "ḫa-a-ap-pár",
"ts": "ḫāppar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 (ḫa-a-ap-pár /ḫāppar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 (ḫa-a-ap-pár /ḫāppar/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*h₃ép-s-tu-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*apstus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apstus",
"t": "rich, plentiful, abundant"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "punë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: punë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: punë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*աւն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *աւն (*awn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *աւն (*awn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*abnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *abnijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *abnijaną (see there for further descendants) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄμπνη",
"t": "nourishment",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “nourishment”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qsb-grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "most likely Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(most likely Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “nourishment”) (most likely Pre-Greek)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to work, toil, make"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ability, force"
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "h₃ep-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.