See gwnd on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غند",
"3": "غنده",
"tr": "ğond",
"tr2": "ğonde"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غند (ğond), غنده (ğonde)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غند (ğond), غنده (ğonde)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "ғун",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Tajik: ғун (ġun) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Tajik: ғун (ġun) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جُنْد",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جُنْد (jund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جُنْد (jund)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aramaic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܓܘܢܕܐ",
"3": "ܓܘܕܐ",
"tr": "gundā",
"tr2": "guddā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܕܐ (gundā), ܓܘܕܐ (guddā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܕܐ (gundā), ܓܘܕܐ (guddā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myz",
"tr": "guddā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (guddā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (guddā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գունդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գունդ (gund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: գունդ (gund)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "գունդ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: գունդ (gund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: գունդ (gund)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "გუნდი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: გუნდი (gundi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: გუნდი (gundi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udi",
"2": "gündä",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Udi: gündä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Udi: gündä"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "gwnd",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "army, troop; group, gathering",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "Parthian gwnd (gund, “army, troop; group, gathering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृन्द",
"t": "heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation",
"tr": "vṛndá-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृन्द (vṛndá-, “heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "corps"
},
"expansion": "English corps",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒄖𒌦𒉡",
"t": "elite troops, elite or special unit",
"ts": "gunnu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒄖𒌦𒉡 (/gunnu/, “elite troops, elite or special unit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ج ن ن",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ج ن ن (j-n-n)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ج د د",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ج د د (j-d-d)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒄖𒁺𒁺",
"t": "military detachment, battle troop",
"ts": "gudūdu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒄖𒁺𒁺 (/gudūdu/, “military detachment, battle troop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גְּדוּד",
"t": "band, troop; battalion",
"tr": "gedūd"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גְּדוּד (gedūd, “band, troop; battalion”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Manichean Parthian gwnd (gund, “army, troop; group, gathering”).\nHorn following Nöldeke (orally) connects with Sanskrit वृन्द (vṛndá-, “heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation”), but this is doubtful by the usual sound correspondences.\nPossibly also the same as the word below for a testicle; the meaning “ball” or “lump” could have developed like the French, English corps, which Johnny Cheung and Adriano V. Rossi find most plausible.\nSince it is only found in Persian and Parthian, probably a Semitic word, as Nöldeke (earlier), Szemerényi and Cheung contend, compare Akkadian 𒄖𒌦𒉡 (/gunnu/, “elite troops, elite or special unit”), the basic meaning of the root ج ن ن (j-n-n) being related pan-Semitically to “covering, protection, shielding; being secluded”, and, looking on ܓܘܕܐ (/guddā/, “troop; company, group of people; wall (homonymously)”), the root ج د د (j-d-d) being related to “seriousness; rough ground; path, streak; a strip, detachment”, akin to Akkadian 𒄖𒁺𒁺 (/gudūdu/, “military detachment, battle troop”) and Hebrew גְּדוּד (gedūd, “band, troop; battalion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "gwnd • (gund)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 39 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"army, troop"
],
"id": "en-gwnd-pal-noun-w~zeEWDF",
"links": [
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"troop",
"troop"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 39 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 42 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 52 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"group, gathering"
],
"id": "en-gwnd-pal-noun-dv1Uv97I",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"gathering",
"gathering"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "gwnd"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گند",
"tr": "gond"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گند (gond)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گند (gond)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "",
"4": "*gunda-",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *gunda-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀",
"t": "lump of dough"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀 (guṇda, “lump of dough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գունդ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գունդ (gund)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "گن",
"tr": "gen"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri گن (gen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kunduŕ",
"t": "beaver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian *gunda-. Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀 (guṇda, “lump of dough”) and Old Armenian գունդ (gund), Northern Luri گن (gen), an Iranian borrowing. One might adduce Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver”), not impossibly related via the meaning of a castor-sac.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "gwnd • (gund)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 39 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"id": "en-gwnd-pal-noun-pal:testicle",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pal:testicle"
]
}
],
"word": "gwnd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian nouns",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Semitic languages",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "غند",
"3": "غنده",
"tr": "ğond",
"tr2": "ğonde"
},
"expansion": "Persian: غند (ğond), غنده (ğonde)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: غند (ğond), غنده (ğonde)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "ғун",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Tajik: ғун (ġun) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Tajik: ғун (ġun) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جُنْد",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جُنْد (jund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جُنْد (jund)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aramaic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܓܘܢܕܐ",
"3": "ܓܘܕܐ",
"tr": "gundā",
"tr2": "guddā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܕܐ (gundā), ܓܘܕܐ (guddā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܕܐ (gundā), ܓܘܕܐ (guddā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myz",
"tr": "guddā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (guddā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (guddā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գունդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գունդ (gund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: գունդ (gund)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "գունդ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: գունդ (gund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: գունդ (gund)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "გუნდი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: გუნდი (gundi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: გუნდი (gundi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udi",
"2": "gündä",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Udi: gündä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Udi: gündä"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "gwnd",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "army, troop; group, gathering",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "Parthian gwnd (gund, “army, troop; group, gathering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृन्द",
"t": "heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation",
"tr": "vṛndá-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृन्द (vṛndá-, “heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "corps"
},
"expansion": "English corps",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒄖𒌦𒉡",
"t": "elite troops, elite or special unit",
"ts": "gunnu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒄖𒌦𒉡 (/gunnu/, “elite troops, elite or special unit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ج ن ن",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ج ن ن (j-n-n)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ج د د",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ج د د (j-d-d)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "𒄖𒁺𒁺",
"t": "military detachment, battle troop",
"ts": "gudūdu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒄖𒁺𒁺 (/gudūdu/, “military detachment, battle troop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "גְּדוּד",
"t": "band, troop; battalion",
"tr": "gedūd"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew גְּדוּד (gedūd, “band, troop; battalion”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Manichean Parthian gwnd (gund, “army, troop; group, gathering”).\nHorn following Nöldeke (orally) connects with Sanskrit वृन्द (vṛndá-, “heap, multitude, host, flock, swarm, number, quantity, aggregation”), but this is doubtful by the usual sound correspondences.\nPossibly also the same as the word below for a testicle; the meaning “ball” or “lump” could have developed like the French, English corps, which Johnny Cheung and Adriano V. Rossi find most plausible.\nSince it is only found in Persian and Parthian, probably a Semitic word, as Nöldeke (earlier), Szemerényi and Cheung contend, compare Akkadian 𒄖𒌦𒉡 (/gunnu/, “elite troops, elite or special unit”), the basic meaning of the root ج ن ن (j-n-n) being related pan-Semitically to “covering, protection, shielding; being secluded”, and, looking on ܓܘܕܐ (/guddā/, “troop; company, group of people; wall (homonymously)”), the root ج د د (j-d-d) being related to “seriousness; rough ground; path, streak; a strip, detachment”, akin to Akkadian 𒄖𒁺𒁺 (/gudūdu/, “military detachment, battle troop”) and Hebrew גְּדוּד (gedūd, “band, troop; battalion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "gwnd • (gund)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"army, troop"
],
"links": [
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"troop",
"troop"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"group, gathering"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"gathering",
"gathering"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oswald Szemerényi"
],
"word": "gwnd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian nouns",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گند",
"tr": "gond"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گند (gond)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گند (gond)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "peo",
"3": "",
"4": "*gunda-",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *gunda-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀",
"t": "lump of dough"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀 (guṇda, “lump of dough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գունդ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գունդ (gund)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "گن",
"tr": "gen"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri گن (gen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kunduŕ",
"t": "beaver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Persian *gunda-. Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬎𐬧𐬛𐬀 (guṇda, “lump of dough”) and Old Armenian գունդ (gund), Northern Luri گن (gen), an Iranian borrowing. One might adduce Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver”), not impossibly related via the meaning of a castor-sac.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "gund"
},
"expansion": "gwnd • (gund)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pal:testicle"
]
}
],
"word": "gwnd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gwnd meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.