See gvozdь on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to nail",
"word": "gvozditi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "гвоздь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)\nOld Ruthenian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ), гвоздъ (hvozd)\nBelarusian: гвозд (hvozd)\nCarpathian Rusyn: гвузд (hvuzd)\nUkrainian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ) (rare), гвіздь (hvizdʹ) (dialectal)\nRussian: гвоздь (gvozdʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)\nOld Ruthenian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ), гвоздъ (hvozd)\nBelarusian: гвозд (hvozd)\nCarpathian Rusyn: гвузд (hvuzd)\nUkrainian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ) (rare), гвіздь (hvizdʹ) (dialectal)\nRussian: гвоздь (gvozdʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гвоздь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гво́зд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гво́зд (gvózd)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal",
"2": "o-stem"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal, o-stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гво́зд (gvózd) (dialectal, o-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гво́здей",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: гво́здей (gvózdej)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: гво́здей (gvózdej) (standard)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "гос"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: гос (gos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: гос (gos) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гво̑зд",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "iron spike"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гво̑зд (“iron spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гво̑зд (“iron spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gvȏzd",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "iron spike"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gvȏzd (“iron spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gvȏzd (“iron spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gwóźdź"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gwóźdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gwóźdź"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "gózdź"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gózdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: gózdź"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "hózdź"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hózdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: hózdź"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gozhdë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gozhdë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gozhdë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gwesd-",
"t": "dense, compact, clumped"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact, clumped”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bozdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bozdos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "bot",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "both",
"t": "hub, nave"
},
"expansion": "Welsh both (“hub, nave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact, clumped”). Possibly akin to o-stem Proto-Celtic *bozdos (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьjē",
"roman": "gvȍzďē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьjù",
"roman": "gvozďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьjù",
"roman": "gvozďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьjē",
"roman": "gvȍzďē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "m",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to stiffen",
"word": "gvozditi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dense woodland, thicket",
"word": "gvozdъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wooden peg"
],
"id": "en-gvozdь-sla-pro-noun-i5NFQMh-",
"links": [
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"peg",
"peg"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally) wooden peg"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*klinъ"
},
{
"word": "*žerbьľь"
},
{
"word": "*grezdьjь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nail, iron spike"
],
"id": "en-gvozdь-sla-pro-noun-qHjb1C46",
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "thematized",
"word": "gvozdьjь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "yo-stem, in Northern Slavic",
"word": "gvožďь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "thicket; o-stem, principally meaning",
"word": "gvozdъ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gvozdь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Fasteners"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to nail",
"word": "gvozditi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "гвоздь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)\nOld Ruthenian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ), гвоздъ (hvozd)\nBelarusian: гвозд (hvozd)\nCarpathian Rusyn: гвузд (hvuzd)\nUkrainian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ) (rare), гвіздь (hvizdʹ) (dialectal)\nRussian: гвоздь (gvozdʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)\nOld Ruthenian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ), гвоздъ (hvozd)\nBelarusian: гвозд (hvozd)\nCarpathian Rusyn: гвузд (hvuzd)\nUkrainian: гвоздь (hvozdʹ) (rare), гвіздь (hvizdʹ) (dialectal)\nRussian: гвоздь (gvozdʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гвоздь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: гвоздь (gvozdĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гво́зд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гво́зд (gvózd)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal",
"2": "o-stem"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal, o-stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гво́зд (gvózd) (dialectal, o-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гво́здей",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: гво́здей (gvózdej)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: гво́здей (gvózdej) (standard)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "гос"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: гос (gos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: гос (gos) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гво̑зд",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "iron spike"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гво̑зд (“iron spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гво̑зд (“iron spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gvȏzd",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "iron spike"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gvȏzd (“iron spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gvȏzd (“iron spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gwóźdź"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gwóźdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gwóźdź"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "gózdź"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gózdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: gózdź"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "hózdź"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hózdź",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: hózdź"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gozhdë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gozhdë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gozhdë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gwesd-",
"t": "dense, compact, clumped"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact, clumped”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bozdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bozdos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "bot",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "both",
"t": "hub, nave"
},
"expansion": "Welsh both (“hub, nave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact, clumped”). Possibly akin to o-stem Proto-Celtic *bozdos (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьjē",
"roman": "gvȍzďē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьjù",
"roman": "gvozďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdьjù",
"roman": "gvozďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gvozdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gvȍzdьjē",
"roman": "gvȍzďē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "m",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to stiffen",
"word": "gvozditi"
},
{
"english": "dense woodland, thicket",
"word": "gvozdъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wooden peg"
],
"links": [
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"peg",
"peg"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally) wooden peg"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*klinъ"
},
{
"word": "*žerbьľь"
},
{
"word": "*grezdьjь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"nail, iron spike"
],
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "thematized",
"word": "gvozdьjь"
},
{
"english": "yo-stem, in Northern Slavic",
"word": "gvožďь"
},
{
"english": "thicket; o-stem, principally meaning",
"word": "gvozdъ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gvozdь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gvozdь meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.