"grěxъ" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grěšina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "grěšьka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grěxota"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to err, make mistake",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "grěšiti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grěxovati"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "wrong, erroneous",
      "word": "grěšьnъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grěxovъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "грѣхъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "грѣхъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "грэх"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: грэх (hrex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: грэх (hrex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "грїх"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "гріх"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: гріх (hrix)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "грєх",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: гріх (hrix); грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "грех"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: грех (grex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: грех (grex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "grēks",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latvian: grēks",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latvian: grēks"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "грѣхъ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "грях",
            "3": "грех"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "грев"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: грев (grev)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: грев (grev)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гре̑х",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гре̑х",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "грије̑х"
          },
          "expansion": "грије̑х",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "грих"
          },
          "expansion": "грих",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гре̑х, грије̑х (dialectal), грих (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grȇh",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: grȇh",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grijȇh"
          },
          "expansion": "grijȇh",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grih"
          },
          "expansion": "grih",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: grȇh, grijȇh (dialectal), grih (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "grẹ́h",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grẹ́h",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grẹ́h"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "hřiech"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: hřiech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: hřiech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hřích"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hřích",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hřích"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "greχ"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: greχ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: greχ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "grzech"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: grzech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: grzech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "grzech"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: grzech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: grzech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "grzych"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: grzych",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: grzych"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hriech"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hriech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hriech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "grzéch"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: grzéch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: grzéch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "grzéch"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: grzéch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: grzéch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "grěch"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grěch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: grěch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hrěch"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrěch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hrěch"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěti",
        "3": "*-xъ",
        "t1": "to heat"
      },
      "expansion": "*grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "гря́шка",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scorch, fever"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "гре́шина",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blaze"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "graižùs",
        "t": "winding, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "grèizs",
        "t": "crooked, slanting, diagonal"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěza",
        "3": "",
        "4": "delirium, confusion"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "grzecha"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish grzecha",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "ogrzech",
        "t": "a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness"
      },
      "expansion": "ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "грехва"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian грехва (grexva)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "о́грех"
      },
      "expansion": "о́грех (ógrex)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "о́грех",
        "t": "place not ploughed or badly ploughed"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "грэх",
        "t": "a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*grěxъ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krivъ",
        "t": "crooked, bent; wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "*krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krivьda",
        "t": "evil, injustice"
      },
      "expansion": "*krivьda (“evil, injustice”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρεῖος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "liability, debt, need"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρῑ́ω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear, to anoint"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χροΐζω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to concern"
      },
      "expansion": "χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Potentially a conflation of more than one semantic kernels:\n* Mledenov, Vasmer, Trubačev, Skok: From an earlier *grēxŭ, stemming from *grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ, based on related terms conveying thermal states: dial. Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”), dial. Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”). Perhaps originally implying “fervour, ardour” → “guilt”.\n* Iljinsky, Endzelīns: From an earlier *grai(k)śŭ, related to Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”), Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”) and possibly Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”). Originally referring to “skewness, misalignment” > “error”. Such a meaning is reflected in agricultural vocabulary: cf. dial. Polish grzecha, ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”), dial. Russian грехва (grexva), о́грех (ógrex), Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”), dial. Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”). Additionally, in South Slavic (except for Slovene) the principal word for “mistake” is the diminutive form of *grěxъ. For meaning shift compare *krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”) : *krivьda (“evil, injustice”).\n* Proposed further cognates: Akin to Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”) (Pedersen) or Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”), χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”) (Berneker).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄śì",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xъ̀mь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄śě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃śěxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grěše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grě̃xъ",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grěxъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 35 15 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 24 20 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 19 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "fervour, ardour (damaging thermal state)"
      ],
      "id": "en-grěxъ-sla-pro-noun-T2sVxIdo",
      "links": [
        [
          "fervour",
          "fervour"
        ],
        [
          "ardour",
          "ardour"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 35 15 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "guilt, grief, regret"
      ],
      "id": "en-grěxъ-sla-pro-noun-sqjMhTg9",
      "links": [
        [
          "guilt",
          "guilt"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "regret",
          "regret"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "secondary",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "(secondary) guilt, grief, regret"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 35 15 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:",
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ"
      ],
      "id": "en-grěxъ-sla-pro-noun-rgzt4gWO",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 35 15 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:",
        "error, mistake, misconduct"
      ],
      "id": "en-grěxъ-sla-pro-noun-66MWtHps",
      "links": [
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "misconduct",
          "misconduct"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xyba"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "grěxъ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "EDSIL without passage",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "grěšina"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "grěšьka"
    },
    {
      "word": "grěxota"
    },
    {
      "english": "to err, make mistake",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "grěšiti"
    },
    {
      "word": "grěxovati"
    },
    {
      "english": "wrong, erroneous",
      "word": "grěšьnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "grěxovъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "грѣхъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "грѣхъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "грэх"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: грэх (hrex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: грэх (hrex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "грїх"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "гріх"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: гріх (hrix)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "грєх",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: гріх (hrix); грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "грех"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: грех (grex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: грех (grex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "grēks",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latvian: grēks",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latvian: grēks"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "грѣхъ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "грях",
            "3": "грех"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "грев"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: грев (grev)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: грев (grev)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гре̑х",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гре̑х",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "грије̑х"
          },
          "expansion": "грије̑х",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "грих"
          },
          "expansion": "грих",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гре̑х, грије̑х (dialectal), грих (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grȇh",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: grȇh",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grijȇh"
          },
          "expansion": "grijȇh",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "grih"
          },
          "expansion": "grih",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: grȇh, grijȇh (dialectal), grih (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "grẹ́h",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grẹ́h",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grẹ́h"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "hřiech"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: hřiech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: hřiech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hřích"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hřích",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hřích"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "greχ"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: greχ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: greχ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "grzech"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: grzech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: grzech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "grzech"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: grzech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: grzech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "grzych"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: grzych",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: grzych"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hriech"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hriech",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hriech"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "grzéch"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: grzéch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: grzéch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "grzéch"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: grzéch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: grzéch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "grěch"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grěch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: grěch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hrěch"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrěch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hrěch"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěti",
        "3": "*-xъ",
        "t1": "to heat"
      },
      "expansion": "*grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "гря́шка",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scorch, fever"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "гре́шина",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blaze"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "graižùs",
        "t": "winding, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "grèizs",
        "t": "crooked, slanting, diagonal"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěza",
        "3": "",
        "4": "delirium, confusion"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "grzecha"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish grzecha",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "ogrzech",
        "t": "a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness"
      },
      "expansion": "ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "грехва"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian грехва (grexva)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "о́грех"
      },
      "expansion": "о́грех (ógrex)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "о́грех",
        "t": "place not ploughed or badly ploughed"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "грэх",
        "t": "a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*grěxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*grěxъ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krivъ",
        "t": "crooked, bent; wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "*krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krivьda",
        "t": "evil, injustice"
      },
      "expansion": "*krivьda (“evil, injustice”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρεῖος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "liability, debt, need"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρῑ́ω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smear, to anoint"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χροΐζω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to concern"
      },
      "expansion": "χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Potentially a conflation of more than one semantic kernels:\n* Mledenov, Vasmer, Trubačev, Skok: From an earlier *grēxŭ, stemming from *grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ, based on related terms conveying thermal states: dial. Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”), dial. Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”). Perhaps originally implying “fervour, ardour” → “guilt”.\n* Iljinsky, Endzelīns: From an earlier *grai(k)śŭ, related to Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”), Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”) and possibly Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”). Originally referring to “skewness, misalignment” > “error”. Such a meaning is reflected in agricultural vocabulary: cf. dial. Polish grzecha, ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”), dial. Russian грехва (grexva), о́грех (ógrex), Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”), dial. Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”). Additionally, in South Slavic (except for Slovene) the principal word for “mistake” is the diminutive form of *grěxъ. For meaning shift compare *krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”) : *krivьda (“evil, injustice”).\n* Proposed further cognates: Akin to Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”) (Pedersen) or Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”), χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”) (Berneker).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄śì",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xъ̀mь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄xòmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃xy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̄śě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grě̃śěxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "grěše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grě̃xъ",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grěxъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "fervour, ardour (damaging thermal state)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fervour",
          "fervour"
        ],
        [
          "ardour",
          "ardour"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "guilt, grief, regret"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guilt",
          "guilt"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "regret",
          "regret"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "secondary",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grēxŭ:",
        "(secondary) guilt, grief, regret"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:",
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:",
        "error, mistake, misconduct"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "misconduct",
          "misconduct"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xyba"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "grěxъ"
}