See giest on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gæsthūs"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gasti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gasti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gast"
},
"expansion": "German Gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gestr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gestr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gäst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gäst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "stranger"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “stranger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis",
"3": "",
"4": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis (“enemy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ (gostĭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гость"
},
"expansion": "Russian гость (gostʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gość"
},
"expansion": "Polish gość",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gasti.\nCognates\nCognate with Old Saxon gast, Middle Dutch gast (Dutch gast), Old High German gast (German Gast), Old Norse gestr (Swedish gäst), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “stranger”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin hostis (“enemy”), Old Church Slavonic ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ (gostĭ), гость (gostĭ) (Russian гость (gostʹ)) and Polish gość.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġiest",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġieste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġast",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġæst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġest",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġyst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "ġiestas",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ġiest",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġiest m (nominative plural ġiestas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "ġiestas",
"head": "ġiest"
},
"expansion": "ġiest m (nominative plural ġiestas)",
"name": "ang-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ġiest"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ġiest",
"2": "ġiestas",
"3": "ġiest",
"4": "ġiestas",
"5": "ġiestes",
"6": "ġiesta",
"7": "ġieste",
"8": "ġiestum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stranger"
],
"id": "en-giest-ang-noun-ispPNndP",
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 68 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 52 5 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 66 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 78 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Saxon Old English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-giest-ang-noun-hJg8YPfa",
"links": [
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"id": "en-giest-ang-noun-ZhDMVSRp",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) enemy"
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ji͜yst/"
}
],
"word": "giest"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yeast"
},
"expansion": "English: yeast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: yeast"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*jestu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *jestu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gist"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "jǫstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse jǫstr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "jäst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish jäst",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *jestu. Cognate with Dutch gist, Old Norse jǫstr (Swedish jäst).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġiest",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ġiest",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġiest m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "ġiest"
},
"expansion": "ġiest m",
"name": "ang-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"yeast"
],
"id": "en-giest-ang-noun-50K3eFHW",
"links": [
[
"yeast",
"yeast"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "giest"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"West Saxon Old English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gæsthūs"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gasti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gasti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gast"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gast"
},
"expansion": "German Gast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gestr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gestr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gäst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gäst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "stranger"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “stranger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis",
"3": "",
"4": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis (“enemy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ (gostĭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гость"
},
"expansion": "Russian гость (gostʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gość"
},
"expansion": "Polish gość",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gasti.\nCognates\nCognate with Old Saxon gast, Middle Dutch gast (Dutch gast), Old High German gast (German Gast), Old Norse gestr (Swedish gäst), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (gasts, “stranger”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin hostis (“enemy”), Old Church Slavonic ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ (gostĭ), гость (gostĭ) (Russian гость (gostʹ)) and Polish gość.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġiest",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġieste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ġiestum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ġast",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġæst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġest",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ġyst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
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"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ġiest",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġiest m (nominative plural ġiestas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "ġiestas",
"head": "ġiest"
},
"expansion": "ġiest m (nominative plural ġiestas)",
"name": "ang-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ġiest"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ġiest",
"2": "ġiestas",
"3": "ġiest",
"4": "ġiestas",
"5": "ġiestes",
"6": "ġiesta",
"7": "ġieste",
"8": "ġiestum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stranger"
],
"links": [
[
"stranger",
"stranger"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"guest"
],
"links": [
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) enemy"
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ji͜yst/"
}
],
"word": "giest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"West Saxon Old English"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yeast"
},
"expansion": "English: yeast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: yeast"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*jestu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *jestu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gist"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "jǫstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse jǫstr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "jäst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish jäst",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *jestu. Cognate with Dutch gist, Old Norse jǫstr (Swedish jäst).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġiest",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "ġiest",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġiest m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "ġiest"
},
"expansion": "ġiest m",
"name": "ang-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"yeast"
],
"links": [
[
"yeast",
"yeast"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
}
],
"word": "giest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for giest meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.