See g-ni-s on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese: 二 (*njis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 二 (*njis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese: 二 (ȵiɪᴴ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 二 (ȵiɪᴴ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "に"
},
"expansion": "に",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ni",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ni",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni"
},
"expansion": "二 (に, ni)",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni"
},
"expansion": "二 (に, ni)",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "이",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "이 (二, i)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nhị",
"gloss": "",
"tr": "二"
},
"expansion": "nhị (二)",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nhị",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "nhị (二)",
"name": "vi-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese",
"2": "二 (に, ni)",
"3": "",
"4": "Korean",
"5": "이 (二, i)",
"6": "",
"7": "Vietnamese",
"8": "<i>nhị (<span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"vi\">二</span>)</i>"
},
"expansion": "→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)",
"name": "sit-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni",
"4": "이",
"5": "i",
"6": "nhị"
},
"expansion": "**:→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)",
"name": "Sinoxenic"
}
],
"text": "**:→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 次 (*sn̥ʰis, “second; next; the following”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "次"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese: 次 (t͡sʰiɪᴴ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 次 (t͡sʰiɪᴴ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 次 (/t͡sʰiː³³/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hakka"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sixian: 次 (/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 次 (/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "གཉིས",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: གཉིས (gnyis, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: གཉིས (gnyis, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sip",
"2": "ཉི"
},
"expansion": "Sikkimese: ཉི (nyi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sikkimese: ཉི (nyi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗍫",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "kəɲes"
},
"expansion": "Situ: kəɲes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: kəɲes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "nyî"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: nyî",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: nyî"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "gini",
"3": "gining"
},
"expansion": "Garo: gini, gining",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: gini, gining"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နှစ်",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑍ (nyip, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*k-hnejᴬ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *k-hnejᴬ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *k-hnejᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ခံ"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ခံ (khee)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ခံ (khee)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khb"
},
"expansion": "Kho-Bwa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kho-Bwa:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khw-pro",
"2": "*nʲis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *nʲis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *nʲis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *g/s-ni-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *g-nis (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987); *g-ni-s (Weidert, 1987)\nAlongside the root for \"three\" (*g-sum), this root for \"two\" is one of the most lexemically and phonologically stable numerals in Sino-Tibetan languages, and lexical replacement of this etymon is excessively rare: e.g. Jingpho /ləkhôŋ/ which has not been successfully connected to anything else. The Jingpho word for \"one\" has a similar shape, /ləŋâi/, and is also etymologically unclear.\nThis root appears unmistakably cognate with *s-ni-s (“seven”). See there for more.\nThe Burmese form seems to suggest a proto-language velar final variant: *-ik.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*g-ni-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/g-ni-s",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"two"
],
"id": "en-g-ni-s-sit-pro-num-P8TM~nRY",
"links": [
[
"two",
"two"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "g-ni-s"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese: 二 (*njis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 二 (*njis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese: 二 (ȵiɪᴴ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 二 (ȵiɪᴴ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "に"
},
"expansion": "に",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ni",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ni",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni"
},
"expansion": "二 (に, ni)",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni"
},
"expansion": "二 (に, ni)",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "이",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "이 (二, i)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nhị",
"gloss": "",
"tr": "二"
},
"expansion": "nhị (二)",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nhị",
"2": "二"
},
"expansion": "nhị (二)",
"name": "vi-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese",
"2": "二 (に, ni)",
"3": "",
"4": "Korean",
"5": "이 (二, i)",
"6": "",
"7": "Vietnamese",
"8": "<i>nhị (<span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"vi\">二</span>)</i>"
},
"expansion": "→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)",
"name": "sit-loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "二",
"2": "に",
"3": "ni",
"4": "이",
"5": "i",
"6": "nhị"
},
"expansion": "**:→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)",
"name": "Sinoxenic"
}
],
"text": "**:→Japanese: 二 (に, ni)\nKorean: 이 (二, i)\nVietnamese: nhị (二)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 次 (*sn̥ʰis, “second; next; the following”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "次"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese: 次 (t͡sʰiɪᴴ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 次 (t͡sʰiɪᴴ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 次 (/t͡sʰiː³³/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hakka"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sixian: 次 (/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 次 (/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "གཉིས",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: གཉིས (gnyis, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: གཉིས (gnyis, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sip",
"2": "ཉི"
},
"expansion": "Sikkimese: ཉི (nyi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sikkimese: ཉི (nyi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗍫",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗍫 (*njɨ̱¹, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "kəɲes"
},
"expansion": "Situ: kəɲes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: kəɲes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "nyî"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: nyî",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: nyî"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo-Garo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "gini",
"3": "gining"
},
"expansion": "Garo: gini, gining",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: gini, gining"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နှစ်",
"t": "two"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, “two”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꑍ (nyip, “two”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*k-hnejᴬ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *k-hnejᴬ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *k-hnejᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ခံ"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ခံ (khee)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ခံ (khee)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khb"
},
"expansion": "Kho-Bwa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kho-Bwa:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khw-pro",
"2": "*nʲis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *nʲis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *nʲis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *g/s-ni-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *g-nis (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987); *g-ni-s (Weidert, 1987)\nAlongside the root for \"three\" (*g-sum), this root for \"two\" is one of the most lexemically and phonologically stable numerals in Sino-Tibetan languages, and lexical replacement of this etymon is excessively rare: e.g. Jingpho /ləkhôŋ/ which has not been successfully connected to anything else. The Jingpho word for \"one\" has a similar shape, /ləŋâi/, and is also etymologically unclear.\nThis root appears unmistakably cognate with *s-ni-s (“seven”). See there for more.\nThe Burmese form seems to suggest a proto-language velar final variant: *-ik.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*g-ni-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/g-ni-s",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan links with redundant alt parameters",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots"
],
"glosses": [
"two"
],
"links": [
[
"two",
"two"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "g-ni-s"
}
Download raw JSONL data for g-ni-s meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.