"foxfire" meaning in All languages combined

See foxfire on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈfɒksfaɪə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈfɑksˌfaɪ(ə)ɹ/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav [Southern-England]
Etymology: Possibly from fox + fire, though the semantic connection is unclear. Alternatively, the first element may be ultimately from Old French fols (“false”), or the term may derive by folk etymology from phosphor. Etymology templates: {{vern|bitter oyster}} bitter oyster, {{taxlink|Panellus stipticus|species}} Panellus stipticus, {{compound|en|fox|fire}} fox + fire, {{der|en|fro|fols|t=false}} Old French fols (“false”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} foxfire (uncountable)
  1. (mycology, chiefly US) Bioluminescence created by some types of fungus, particularly those growing on rotting wood. Tags: US, uncountable Categories (topical): Mycology, Light sources Categories (lifeform): Fungi Synonyms: chimpanzee fire, fairy fire Translations (bioluminescence created by some types of fungus): فوكسفيري (Arabic), peikonkulta (Finnish), אש השועל (Hebrew), 狐火 (kitsunebi) (alt: きつねび) (Japanese), பாக்ஸ்ஃபையர் (pāksfaiyar) (Tamil)
    Sense id: en-foxfire-en-noun-4C6Ipd~j Disambiguation of Light sources: 69 31 Disambiguation of Fungi: 77 23 Categories (other): American English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 64 36 Topics: biology, mycology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'bioluminescence created by some types of fungus': 77 23
  2. (by extension, loosely) Wood exhibiting fungal bioluminescence; torchwood. Tags: broadly, uncountable
    Sense id: en-foxfire-en-noun-~KLSlyr5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: fox fire, fox-fire

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for foxfire meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "bitter oyster"
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      "expansion": "bitter oyster",
      "name": "vern"
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        "2": "fro",
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      "expansion": "Old French fols (“false”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from fox + fire, though the semantic connection is unclear. Alternatively, the first element may be ultimately from Old French fols (“false”), or the term may derive by folk etymology from phosphor.",
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "-"
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    "fox‧fire"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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          "_dis": "64 36",
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          "_dis": "77 23",
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          "_dis": "69 31",
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        {
          "ref": "1832, Mark Littleton [pseudonym; John Pendleton Kennedy], “The Goblin Swamp”, in Swallow Barn, or A Sojourn in the Old Dominion. In Two Volumes, volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey & Lea, […], →OCLC, page 311",
          "text": "The foxfire,—as the country people call it,—glowed hideously from the cold and matted bosom of the marsh; and, far from us, in the depths of darkness, the screech-owl sat upon his perch, brooding over the slimy pool, and whooping out a dismal curfew, that fell upon the ear like the cries of a tortured ghost.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874 June, Philip Quilibet, “Drift-wood. A Famous Evangelist.”, in The Galaxy. […], volume XVII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Co., →OCLC, page 842, column 2",
          "text": "Perhaps you've seen a foxfire in the woods. Well, in the dark, it looks like a live, burning coal; but when you go to it, and take it up, it's only a piece of rotten wood.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894 January 9, William Hamilton Gibson, “Foxfire”, in Harper’s Young People, volume XV, number 741, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 189, column 1",
          "text": "[Nathaniel] Hawthorne in one of his books records a remarkable personal encounter with this weird fox-fire, and one which cost him dearly. He was on a journey by canal-boat, which had stopped en route for a brief period at midnight. During the interval he had stepped ashore, and was decoyed into a neighboring wood by the bright glow, which proved to be a fallen tree ablaze with phosphorescence. In his surprise and interest he lost all account of time, and thus missed his boat, [...] Almost any damp woods, especially after a rain, is likely to disclose its fox-fire, but it occasionally appears under circumstances where we little expect it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1911, Patsy Moore Ginns, quoting Stanley Hicks, “Ghosts, Haints, and Witches”, in Snowbird Gravy and Dishpan Pie: Mountain People Recall, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, published 1982, page 185",
          "text": "People calls this \"spunk,\" but it's foxfire. You see this hole in it? You see where I sawed it in two with the chain saw? See, this grows in hollow trees in a maple or a oak. No, it ain't mushroom; it's just really foxfire.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1965, Cormac McCarthy, The Orchard Keeper, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →OCLC; republished London: Picador, 2010, page 201",
          "text": "The rain stopped falling. They passed, leaving a trail of foxfire shuffled up out of the wet leaves like stars plowed in a ship's wake.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1983, Manuel Robbins, “Collecting Fluorescent Minerals”, in The Collector’s Book of Fluorescent Minerals, New York, N.Y., London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, →DOI, page 50",
          "text": "Curiously enough, there were fluorescent displays underground that could be enjoyed without benefit of an ultraviolet lamp. One of these was fox fire, the spectral glow given off by fungi on decaying timber. In the damp darkness of the mine, pine planks 3 inches thick could become feather light and crumbly in a year.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
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      "glosses": [
        "Bioluminescence created by some types of fungus, particularly those growing on rotting wood."
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      "id": "en-foxfire-en-noun-4C6Ipd~j",
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        [
          "types",
          "type#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "fungus",
          "fungus"
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        [
          "grow",
          "grow"
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        [
          "rotting",
          "rotting#Adjective"
        ],
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          "wood"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mycology, chiefly US) Bioluminescence created by some types of fungus, particularly those growing on rotting wood."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chimpanzee fire"
        },
        {
          "word": "fairy fire"
        }
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      "tags": [
        "US",
        "uncountable"
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      "topics": [
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "77 23",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
          "word": "فوكسفيري"
        },
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          "_dis1": "77 23",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
          "word": "peikonkulta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 23",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
          "word": "אש השועל"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 23",
          "alt": "きつねび",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kitsunebi",
          "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
          "word": "狐火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "77 23",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "pāksfaiyar",
          "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
          "word": "பாக்ஸ்ஃபையர்"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1775 November 9, Henry L[arcom] Abbot, quoting Benjamin Gale, “Description of the American Turtle. [Dr. Benjamin Gale to Silas Deane, Esq., Killingsworth, Nov. 9, 1775.]”, in The Beginning of Modern Submarine Warfare, under Captain-Lieutenant David Bushnell, Sappers and Miners, Army of the Revolution. Being a Historical Compilation (Engineer School of Application, Willets Point, N[ew] Y[ork] H[arbor], Paper; no. III), New York, N.Y.: Printed on the Battalion Press, Sergt. Carmichael and Pvt. Beck, printers, published 1881, →OCLC, pages 176–177",
          "text": "On the inside is fixed a Barometer, by which he can tell the depth he is under water; a Compass, by which he knows the course he steers. In the barometer and on the needles of the compass is fixed fox-fire, i.e. wood that gives light in the dark.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1820 February 21, Charles Griswold, “Art. [IX].—Description of a Machine, Invented and Constructed by David Bushnell, a Native of Saybrook, at the Commencement of the American Revolutionary War, for the Purpose of Submarine Navigation, […]”, in Benjamin Silliman, editor, The American Journal of Science, and Arts, volume II, number I (number VI overall), New Haven, Conn.: S. Converse, published April 1820, →OCLC, page 96",
          "text": "The navigator steered by a rudder, the tiller of which was passed through the back of the machine at a water joint, and in one side was fixed a small pocket compass, with two pieces of shining wood, (sometimes called foxfire,) crossed upon its north point, and a single piece upon the last point. In the night, when no light entered through the head, this compass thus lighted, was all that served to guide the helmsman in his course.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1859 September, “Art. II.—The Education, Labor, and Wealth of the South. …”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, &c.: […], volume II (New Series; volume XXVII (Old Series)), number 3, New Orleans, La., Washington, D.C.: [J. D. B. De Bow], →OCLC, page 268",
          "text": "[An American university is] the house and home of American civilization—a dwelling place not lighted with foxfire tapers or artificial lights to disguise nature, as the institutions of learning in Europe are, but with the light inherent in nature's truths and in the revealed word of God, honestly translated and interpreted.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, William H[amilton] Gibson, “The Deer”, in The Complete American Trapper, or The Tricks of Trapping and Trap Making: […], New York, N.Y.: James Miller, →OCLC, book VI (Steel Traps and the Art of Trapping), page 218",
          "text": "There is still another method of night hunting by the salt lick. [...] When night approaches, the hunter finds a piece of phosphorescent wood or \"fox fire,\" and places it on the ground, at a point which he has previously determined to be on a direct line of the aim of his gun. The \"fox fire\" is plainly seen from the tree, and as soon as it is darkened he knows that it is obscured by the deer, and he pulls the trigger and kills his game.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, Robert E. Nichols, Jr., Birds of Algonquin Legend, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, page 96",
          "text": "When they died, the others built fires to smoke them, and then covered them with birch bark. Every bit was covered with bark. Not a hair was left out, and nothing could go in. They'd put sticks of fox fire near them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Wood exhibiting fungal bioluminescence; torchwood."
      ],
      "id": "en-foxfire-en-noun-~KLSlyr5",
      "links": [
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        ],
        [
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          "torchwood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, loosely) Wood exhibiting fungal bioluminescence; torchwood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɒksfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
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    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑksˌfaɪ(ə)ɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
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      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fox fire"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fox-fire"
    }
  ],
  "word": "foxfire"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English compound terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
    "en:Fungi",
    "en:Light sources"
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        "2": "fro",
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      "expansion": "Old French fols (“false”)",
      "name": "der"
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  "etymology_text": "Possibly from fox + fire, though the semantic connection is unclear. Alternatively, the first element may be ultimately from Old French fols (“false”), or the term may derive by folk etymology from phosphor.",
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "ref": "1832, Mark Littleton [pseudonym; John Pendleton Kennedy], “The Goblin Swamp”, in Swallow Barn, or A Sojourn in the Old Dominion. In Two Volumes, volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey & Lea, […], →OCLC, page 311",
          "text": "The foxfire,—as the country people call it,—glowed hideously from the cold and matted bosom of the marsh; and, far from us, in the depths of darkness, the screech-owl sat upon his perch, brooding over the slimy pool, and whooping out a dismal curfew, that fell upon the ear like the cries of a tortured ghost.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874 June, Philip Quilibet, “Drift-wood. A Famous Evangelist.”, in The Galaxy. […], volume XVII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Co., →OCLC, page 842, column 2",
          "text": "Perhaps you've seen a foxfire in the woods. Well, in the dark, it looks like a live, burning coal; but when you go to it, and take it up, it's only a piece of rotten wood.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894 January 9, William Hamilton Gibson, “Foxfire”, in Harper’s Young People, volume XV, number 741, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 189, column 1",
          "text": "[Nathaniel] Hawthorne in one of his books records a remarkable personal encounter with this weird fox-fire, and one which cost him dearly. He was on a journey by canal-boat, which had stopped en route for a brief period at midnight. During the interval he had stepped ashore, and was decoyed into a neighboring wood by the bright glow, which proved to be a fallen tree ablaze with phosphorescence. In his surprise and interest he lost all account of time, and thus missed his boat, [...] Almost any damp woods, especially after a rain, is likely to disclose its fox-fire, but it occasionally appears under circumstances where we little expect it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1911, Patsy Moore Ginns, quoting Stanley Hicks, “Ghosts, Haints, and Witches”, in Snowbird Gravy and Dishpan Pie: Mountain People Recall, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, published 1982, page 185",
          "text": "People calls this \"spunk,\" but it's foxfire. You see this hole in it? You see where I sawed it in two with the chain saw? See, this grows in hollow trees in a maple or a oak. No, it ain't mushroom; it's just really foxfire.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1965, Cormac McCarthy, The Orchard Keeper, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →OCLC; republished London: Picador, 2010, page 201",
          "text": "The rain stopped falling. They passed, leaving a trail of foxfire shuffled up out of the wet leaves like stars plowed in a ship's wake.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1983, Manuel Robbins, “Collecting Fluorescent Minerals”, in The Collector’s Book of Fluorescent Minerals, New York, N.Y., London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, →DOI, page 50",
          "text": "Curiously enough, there were fluorescent displays underground that could be enjoyed without benefit of an ultraviolet lamp. One of these was fox fire, the spectral glow given off by fungi on decaying timber. In the damp darkness of the mine, pine planks 3 inches thick could become feather light and crumbly in a year.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Bioluminescence created by some types of fungus, particularly those growing on rotting wood."
      ],
      "links": [
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mycology, chiefly US) Bioluminescence created by some types of fungus, particularly those growing on rotting wood."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chimpanzee fire"
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        {
          "word": "fairy fire"
        }
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        "uncountable"
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      "topics": [
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        "mycology",
        "natural-sciences"
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    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1775 November 9, Henry L[arcom] Abbot, quoting Benjamin Gale, “Description of the American Turtle. [Dr. Benjamin Gale to Silas Deane, Esq., Killingsworth, Nov. 9, 1775.]”, in The Beginning of Modern Submarine Warfare, under Captain-Lieutenant David Bushnell, Sappers and Miners, Army of the Revolution. Being a Historical Compilation (Engineer School of Application, Willets Point, N[ew] Y[ork] H[arbor], Paper; no. III), New York, N.Y.: Printed on the Battalion Press, Sergt. Carmichael and Pvt. Beck, printers, published 1881, →OCLC, pages 176–177",
          "text": "On the inside is fixed a Barometer, by which he can tell the depth he is under water; a Compass, by which he knows the course he steers. In the barometer and on the needles of the compass is fixed fox-fire, i.e. wood that gives light in the dark.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1820 February 21, Charles Griswold, “Art. [IX].—Description of a Machine, Invented and Constructed by David Bushnell, a Native of Saybrook, at the Commencement of the American Revolutionary War, for the Purpose of Submarine Navigation, […]”, in Benjamin Silliman, editor, The American Journal of Science, and Arts, volume II, number I (number VI overall), New Haven, Conn.: S. Converse, published April 1820, →OCLC, page 96",
          "text": "The navigator steered by a rudder, the tiller of which was passed through the back of the machine at a water joint, and in one side was fixed a small pocket compass, with two pieces of shining wood, (sometimes called foxfire,) crossed upon its north point, and a single piece upon the last point. In the night, when no light entered through the head, this compass thus lighted, was all that served to guide the helmsman in his course.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1859 September, “Art. II.—The Education, Labor, and Wealth of the South. …”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, &c.: […], volume II (New Series; volume XXVII (Old Series)), number 3, New Orleans, La., Washington, D.C.: [J. D. B. De Bow], →OCLC, page 268",
          "text": "[An American university is] the house and home of American civilization—a dwelling place not lighted with foxfire tapers or artificial lights to disguise nature, as the institutions of learning in Europe are, but with the light inherent in nature's truths and in the revealed word of God, honestly translated and interpreted.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, William H[amilton] Gibson, “The Deer”, in The Complete American Trapper, or The Tricks of Trapping and Trap Making: […], New York, N.Y.: James Miller, →OCLC, book VI (Steel Traps and the Art of Trapping), page 218",
          "text": "There is still another method of night hunting by the salt lick. [...] When night approaches, the hunter finds a piece of phosphorescent wood or \"fox fire,\" and places it on the ground, at a point which he has previously determined to be on a direct line of the aim of his gun. The \"fox fire\" is plainly seen from the tree, and as soon as it is darkened he knows that it is obscured by the deer, and he pulls the trigger and kills his game.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, Robert E. Nichols, Jr., Birds of Algonquin Legend, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, page 96",
          "text": "When they died, the others built fires to smoke them, and then covered them with birch bark. Every bit was covered with bark. Not a hair was left out, and nothing could go in. They'd put sticks of fox fire near them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Wood exhibiting fungal bioluminescence; torchwood."
      ],
      "links": [
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        [
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          "fungal"
        ],
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          "torchwood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension, loosely) Wood exhibiting fungal bioluminescence; torchwood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɒksfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑksˌfaɪ(ə)ɹ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foxfire.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fox fire"
    },
    {
      "word": "fox-fire"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
      "word": "فوكسفيري"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
      "word": "peikonkulta"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
      "word": "אש השועל"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きつねび",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kitsunebi",
      "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
      "word": "狐火"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "pāksfaiyar",
      "sense": "bioluminescence created by some types of fungus",
      "word": "பாக்ஸ்ஃபையர்"
    }
  ],
  "word": "foxfire"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.