"firmamentum" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "firmamentu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Corsican: firmamentu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Corsican: firmamentu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Friulian: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Friulian: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Occitan: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Occitan: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: firmamento"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "firmō",
        "3": "-mentum",
        "t1": "strengthen"
      },
      "expansion": "firmō (“strengthen”) + -mentum",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "that which strengthens or supports"
      },
      "expansion": "“that which strengthens or supports”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "that which strengthens or supports"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “that which strengthens or supports”",
      "name": "lit"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Further details"
      },
      "expansion": "Further details",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hbo",
        "3": "רקיע",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Biblical Hebrew רקיע",
      "name": "calque"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From firmō (“strengthen”) + -mentum, from firmus (“firm”). Literally, “that which strengthens or supports”.\nThe meaning of \"a strengthening, support, prop\", especially in the figurative sense (of an argument etc., τὸ συνέχον (tò sunékhon)) is classical, and frequently occurs in Cicero.\nFurther details\nThe cosmological sense is coined in the Vulgate in imitation of LXX στερέωμα (steréoma, “firm or solid structure”), which in turn translates Biblical Hebrew רקיע. Some have viewed this as a mistranslation and the modern New American Standard Bible translates this as \"expanse\" — based on a modern scientific bias. However, ancient Hebrews — including those who translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek (the Septuagint or LXX) — understood this term to refer to solid material. Hence, the LXX στερέωμα (steréōma, “firm or solid structure”). The Hebrew רקיע (raqia), refers to a hard substance that has been hammered out by crafstmen (Exodus 39:3; Isaiah 40:19; compare Job 37:18, Exodus 24:10, Ezek. 1:22). Ancient Hebrews, in line with their Mesopotamian neighbors, understood the \"firmament\" or \"sky\" as a dome, over which was a layer of water, under which rotated the sun, moon, and stars (Gen. 1:6-8, 14-15). The Genesis creation account is accommodated to this pre-scientific understanding of the sky as a dome, with a layer of cosmic waters above and the stellar constellations below.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmāmentum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "firmāmentum n (genitive firmāmentī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmāmentum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 48 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 47 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -mentum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 30 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A strengthening, support, prop, stay."
      ],
      "id": "en-firmamentum-la-noun-9WBnx2GS",
      "links": [
        [
          "strengthening",
          "strengthening"
        ],
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ],
        [
          "prop",
          "prop"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 48 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 41 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 47 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -mentum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And God made the firmament and divided the waters, that were under the firmament, from those, that were above the firmament. [8] And God called the firmament the sky.",
          "ref": "Vulgate: Genesis 1,7-8",
          "text": "Et fecit Deus firmamentum divisitque aquas, quae erant sub firmamento, ab his, quae erant super firmamentum. [8] Vocavitque Deus firmamentum Caelum."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The firmament; the sky fixed above the earth."
      ],
      "id": "en-firmamentum-la-noun-ZwsCw-nz",
      "links": [
        [
          "firmament",
          "firmament"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "fixed",
          "fixed"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 48 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 47 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -mentum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The main point or crux (of an argument)."
      ],
      "id": "en-firmamentum-la-noun-CXtDxL2Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ],
        [
          "crux",
          "crux"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fir.maːˈmen.tum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fɪrmäːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fir.maˈmen.tum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[firmäˈmɛn̪t̪um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmamentum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 4-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin neuter nouns",
    "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms calqued from Biblical Hebrew",
    "Latin terms derived from Biblical Hebrew",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -mentum",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "firmamentu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Corsican: firmamentu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Corsican: firmamentu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Friulian: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Friulian: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Occitan: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Occitan: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "firmament",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: firmament",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: firmament"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: firmamento"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "firmamento",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: firmamento",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: firmamento"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "firmō",
        "3": "-mentum",
        "t1": "strengthen"
      },
      "expansion": "firmō (“strengthen”) + -mentum",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "that which strengthens or supports"
      },
      "expansion": "“that which strengthens or supports”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "that which strengthens or supports"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “that which strengthens or supports”",
      "name": "lit"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Further details"
      },
      "expansion": "Further details",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hbo",
        "3": "רקיע",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Biblical Hebrew רקיע",
      "name": "calque"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From firmō (“strengthen”) + -mentum, from firmus (“firm”). Literally, “that which strengthens or supports”.\nThe meaning of \"a strengthening, support, prop\", especially in the figurative sense (of an argument etc., τὸ συνέχον (tò sunékhon)) is classical, and frequently occurs in Cicero.\nFurther details\nThe cosmological sense is coined in the Vulgate in imitation of LXX στερέωμα (steréoma, “firm or solid structure”), which in turn translates Biblical Hebrew רקיע. Some have viewed this as a mistranslation and the modern New American Standard Bible translates this as \"expanse\" — based on a modern scientific bias. However, ancient Hebrews — including those who translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek (the Septuagint or LXX) — understood this term to refer to solid material. Hence, the LXX στερέωμα (steréōma, “firm or solid structure”). The Hebrew רקיע (raqia), refers to a hard substance that has been hammered out by crafstmen (Exodus 39:3; Isaiah 40:19; compare Job 37:18, Exodus 24:10, Ezek. 1:22). Ancient Hebrews, in line with their Mesopotamian neighbors, understood the \"firmament\" or \"sky\" as a dome, over which was a layer of water, under which rotated the sun, moon, and stars (Gen. 1:6-8, 14-15). The Genesis creation account is accommodated to this pre-scientific understanding of the sky as a dome, with a layer of cosmic waters above and the stellar constellations below.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmentum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmāmenta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmāmentum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "firmāmentum n (genitive firmāmentī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmāmentum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmō"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A strengthening, support, prop, stay."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strengthening",
          "strengthening"
        ],
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ],
        [
          "prop",
          "prop"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And God made the firmament and divided the waters, that were under the firmament, from those, that were above the firmament. [8] And God called the firmament the sky.",
          "ref": "Vulgate: Genesis 1,7-8",
          "text": "Et fecit Deus firmamentum divisitque aquas, quae erant sub firmamento, ab his, quae erant super firmamentum. [8] Vocavitque Deus firmamentum Caelum."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The firmament; the sky fixed above the earth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firmament",
          "firmament"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "fixed",
          "fixed"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The main point or crux (of an argument)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ],
        [
          "crux",
          "crux"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fir.maːˈmen.tum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fɪrmäːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fir.maˈmen.tum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[firmäˈmɛn̪t̪um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmamentum"
}