er

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

head

er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)

erre (plural)
ers (plural)
erretjie (diminutive)


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
i (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mier (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
min (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
miin (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
di (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dir (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dier (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
din (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
diin (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
Si (accusative nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ine (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ene (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
-ne (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ire (masculine personal polite possessive pronoun second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (feminine masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-s (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
üs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
öis (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ois (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eus (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
üse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
öise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
oise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
euse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ier (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öi (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eu (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öie (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
eure (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
si (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ine (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ene (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ire (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.


er

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er (“he”). Cognate with German er.


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.


er

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). See Welsh er.


er

From Old Cornish er, from Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Breton erer, Welsh eryr, Old Irish *irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).


er

From Middle Cornish er, borrowed from Middle English eir, from Anglo-Norman heir, from Latin hērēs.


er

challenge, defiance, stubbornness, insistence, heresy

From Proto-Celtic *sagro-. Cognate with Welsh haer.


er

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


er

From Old Danish ær, Proto-Germanic *izum, *izud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). The infinitive of the verb (være) is from a different PIE root; the present tense is suppletive.


er

Ik heb ermee gewerkt.

Je kunt er de bergen boven zien.

You can see the mountains above it/them.

(with a preposition) it; him, her, them.

Petjo: d'r

Weak form of der, the unstressed form of daar ("there")


er

Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.

My brother has three children and I have two. (literally: two of those)

Ik zie er geen meer.

(partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English)

From Old Dutch iro, genitive of the personal pronoun (3rd person plural).


er

If he—er—disappears—well, it seems to me that we'd both benefit.

Liquid Samurai: 'FORMLESS AND INFINITE ARE WE, THE LIQUID SAMURAI. I SERVE MY QUEEN, AS WE HAVE FOR COUNTLESS--' / Mona: 'HEY, I DON'T MEAN TO INTERRUPT, BUT YOU SEEM LIKE YOU'RE MADE OF POWERFUL STUFF. CAN I, ER, STUDY YOU?'

2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, "Story" (Mona), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch


er

He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.

(informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found in the phrase um and er.

en-verb

er (third-person singular simple present ers, present participle erring, simple past and past participle erred)

ers (present singular third-person)
erring (participle present)
erred (participle past)
erred (past)


er

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Р / р.


er

Hann er skipari.

Hon er úr Føroyum.

Tað er í ordan.

third-person singular indicative present of vera


er

Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er?

Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi.

Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt.

There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.

(personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).

Im Frauengefängnis versuchte ein Häftling zu flüchten, aber er kam nicht weit.

In the women’s prison, an inmate tried to escape, but she didn’t get very far.

(personal) she (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a female person, is masculine (der)).

, Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171

Then the old woman sprang up, surprised, and said: Dear gentleman, do go home and say your prayers and go to bed.

Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.

Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.

1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2), page 27

Then he said: "Father, I can see that I shall not be able to eat my fill here. If you bring me a strong rod of iron that I cannot break, I shall go away again." Then the farmer was glad, and he harnessed his horses to the wagon, drove to the smithy, and fetched a rod so long and thick that his two horses could barely pull it.

(personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz. In northern Middle High German and Old High German there also existed forms with initial h-, namely Middle High German her, Old High German her, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, whence Central Franconian hä and (from the accusative) Luxembourgish hien. Compare English he. The unusual spelling ih- in the forms ihm, ihn is not related to this. It was introduced in early modern German to distinguish these forms from im, in (when *iem, *ien could have been read as *jem, *jen).


er

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).


er

Ég er skemmtilegur.

Hver er ég?

first-person singular indicative present of vera

Veit einhver hvar pabbi minn er?

Hver er hann?

Old Norse er (“is”, 3rd person singular), analogical leveling of earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *isti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Use with the 1st person singular is also by analogy with other forms in er-; the Old Norse 1st person singular form was em.


er

Maður er sá, er Jón heitir.

Konan, er hann var að tala við.

Þetta er borgin, er hann kom frá.

This is the city from which he originated.

Bærinn, er hún ætlar til.

Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.

There is a book whose author people don't know.

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.

Old Norse er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, that”).


er

Judges 2:19

But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.

En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.

Þar er ég kom.

Þá er myndin var búin.

(with an "indexical"; ábendingarorð) of a place, of a time


er

(Roman) Dialectal form of el, whence modern il


er

(slang) Suffix used for people, especially fans.

From English -er, forming novel pseudo-Anglicisms.


er

ēr (canonical masculine)
ēris (genitive)
ēr (nominative singular)
ērēs (nominative plural)
ēris (genitive singular)
ērum (genitive plural)
ērī (dative singular)
ēribus (dative plural)
ērem (accusative singular)
ērēs (accusative plural)
ēre (ablative singular)
ēribus (ablative plural)
ēr (singular vocative)
ērēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *hēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) (whence also Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr, “hedgehog”)), a root noun from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, be bristly”), whence also Ancient Greek χοῖρος (khoîros, “young pig”) and Albanian derr (“pig”) from *ǵʰór-yos.


er

Latin script
Appendix:Latin script#English

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter R/r.


er

The name of the Latin-script letter r/R.


er

Er, kita tengah ke mana ni?

Possibly borrowed from English er or is a pronunciation spelling of a in non-rhotic Malay accents.


er

orrym (first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
er (masculine singular third-person)
urree (singular)
orrin (first-person plural)
erriu (plural second-person)
orroo (plural third-person)
orryms (emphatic first-person singular)
orts (emphatic second-person singular)
ersyn (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
urreeish (emphatic singular)
orrinyn (emphatic first-person plural)
erriuish (emphatic plural second-person)
orroosyn (emphatic plural third-person)

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Scottish Gaelic air.


er

on him/it


er

English: ere

Scots: air

Yola: ear

From Old English ǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airi.


er

Alternative form of hire (“her”, genitive)


er

Alternative form of hire (“her”, object)


er

Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)


er

ër (canonical)
ich (first-person nominative singular)
mîn (first-person genitive singular)
mir (dative first-person singular)
mich (accusative first-person singular)
du (nominative second-person singular)
dû (nominative second-person singular)
dîn (genitive second-person singular)
dir (dative second-person singular)
dich (accusative second-person singular)
ër (masculine nominative singular third-person)
sîn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
im (dative masculine singular third-person)
ime (dative masculine singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
siu (sî, si) (feminine nominative singular third-person)
ir (feminine genitive singular third-person)
ire (feminine genitive singular third-person)
ir (dative feminine singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine singular third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative feminine singular third-person)
ëȥ (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (genitive neuter singular third-person)
im (dative neuter singular third-person)
ime (dative neuter singular third-person)
ëȥ (accusative neuter singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative plural)
unser (first-person genitive plural)
uns (dative first-person plural)
unsich (accusative first-person plural)
uns (accusative first-person plural)
ir (nominative plural second-person)
iuwer (genitive plural second-person)
iu (dative plural second-person)
iuch (accusative plural second-person)
sie (sî, si) (masculine nominative plural third-person)
ir (genitive masculine plural third-person)
ire (genitive masculine plural third-person)
in (dative masculine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative masculine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (feminine nominative plural third-person)
ir (feminine genitive plural third-person)
ire (feminine genitive plural third-person)
in (dative feminine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative feminine plural third-person)
siu (neuter nominative plural third-person)
sî, si (neuter nominative plural third-person)
ir (genitive neuter plural third-person)
ire (genitive neuter plural third-person)
in (dative neuter plural third-person)
siu (sî, si) (accusative neuter plural third-person)

Alemannic German:

Low Alemannic:

Alsatian: ar, er, ër

Badisch: er

High Alemannic: er, är

Bernese: är

Lucerne: aer

Northeastern: ar

Walser: är

Swabian: er, ear

Swabian Jura: ear

Bavarian: er

Cimbrian: èar, er, ar

Mòcheno: er

Central Franconian:

Moselle Franconian: er

East Central German:

High Prussian: er

Silesian East Central German:

Lower Silesian East Central German: a

Upper Silesian East Central German: a

North Moravian: ar

Thuringian: er

Central Thuringian: er

West Thuringian: aa

Upper Saxon German: är

Meißnisch: är

Osterländisch: är

Erzgebirgisch: aorr

Lusatian: ar

German: er

Berlinerisch: er/ea

East Franconian: er, ea

Unterfränkisch: ar

Hohenlohisch: er

Rhine Franconian:

Upper Hessian: er

Lorraine Franconian: ér, éa

Palatine German: er

Yiddish: ער (er)

Inherited from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”).


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.


er

Han er ikke hjem.


er

Eg er framand.

is, are, am (present of to be) present of vera

Boka er skriven.

Bøkene er skrivne.


er

desctree

Middle Dutch: êer
Dutch: eer
Limburgish: ieër

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz.


er

previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time

earlier, before a certain time or period

Middle Dutch: êer


er

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz. Cognates include Old English ǣr, Old Saxon ēr and Old Dutch ēr.


er

Saterland Frisian: eer

West Frisian: ear't


er

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.


er

Middle High German: er

Alemannic German: Eer

⇒ Alemannic German: eerig

⇒ Old High German: ērīn

Middle High German: ērīn

German: ehern

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, akin to Old English ār, Old Norse eir.


er

[…] Are you prophet? and he responded no […]

c. 825, Tatian, Diatessaron, translation, Chapter 13, verse 20. […] Bist thu wīzago? inti her antlingota nein […]

ih (first-person nominative singular)
ihha, ihcha (first-person nominative singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
mir (dative first-person singular)
mih (accusative first-person singular)
dū (nominative second-person singular)
dīn (genitive second-person singular)
dir (dative second-person singular)
dih (accusative second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative singular third-person)
her (masculine nominative singular third-person)
sīn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
imu (dative masculine singular third-person)
imo (dative masculine singular third-person)
inan (accusative masculine singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative singular third-person)
sī (feminine nominative singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iro (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine singular third-person)
iro (dative feminine singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine singular third-person)
iz (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (genitive neuter singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter singular third-person)
imu (dative neuter singular third-person)
imo (dative neuter singular third-person)
iz (accusative neuter singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative plural)
unsēr (first-person genitive plural)
uns (dative first-person plural)
unsih (accusative first-person plural)
ir (nominative plural second-person)
iuwēr (genitive plural second-person)
iu (dative plural second-person)
iuwih (accusative plural second-person)
sie (masculine nominative plural third-person)
iro (genitive masculine plural third-person)
im (dative masculine plural third-person)
in (dative masculine plural third-person)
sie (accusative masculine plural third-person)
sio (feminine nominative plural third-person)
iro (feminine genitive plural third-person)
im (dative feminine plural third-person)
in (dative feminine plural third-person)
sio (accusative feminine plural third-person)
siu (neuter nominative plural third-person)
iro (genitive neuter plural third-person)
im (dative neuter plural third-person)
in (dative neuter plural third-person)
siu (accusative neuter plural third-person)
ir (nominative second-person)
iuwēr (genitive second-person)
iu (dative second-person)
iuwih (accusative second-person)

Middle High German: ër (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), akin to Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is, “he”), Latin is (“he”).


er

verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)

but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one

en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr

From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).


er

En er hann dó, grét ǫll verǫldin

and when he died, the whole world cried.

Icelandic: er

Faroese: er

Old Swedish: ær


er

Icelandic: er

Faroese: er

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: er

Norwegian Nynorsk: er

Jamtish: er

Elfdalian: ir

Old Swedish: ær

Swedish: är

Danish: er

Old Gutnish: ier

From earlier es, from Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of the verb.


er

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-/*h₂r̥-. Cognate with Lithuanian ar̃ (“also, if”), Latvian ar (“also”), Ancient Greek ἄρ (ár, “hence, as well as”).


er

ēr (canonical)
ēr (masculine nominative singular strong)
ēre (masculine nominative plural strong)
ēra (masculine nominative plural strong)
ēr (feminine nominative singular strong)
ēra (feminine nominative plural strong)
ēr (neuter nominative singular strong)
ēr (neuter nominative plural strong)
ēra (neuter nominative plural strong)
ēran (accusative masculine singular strong)
ēren (accusative masculine singular strong)
ēra (accusative masculine plural strong)
ēre (accusative masculine plural strong)
ēra (accusative feminine singular strong)
ēra (accusative feminine plural strong)
ēr (accusative neuter singular strong)
ēr (accusative neuter plural strong)
ēra (accusative neuter plural strong)
ēres (genitive masculine singular strong)
ēras (genitive masculine singular strong)
ēraro (genitive masculine plural strong)
ēroro (genitive masculine plural strong)
ērero (genitive masculine plural strong)
ērara (feminine genitive singular strong)
ēraro (feminine genitive singular strong)
ēraro (feminine genitive plural strong)
ēroro (feminine genitive plural strong)
ērero (feminine genitive plural strong)
ēres (genitive neuter singular strong)
ēras (genitive neuter singular strong)
ēraro (genitive neuter plural strong)
ēroro (genitive neuter plural strong)
ērero (genitive neuter plural strong)
ērumu (dative masculine singular strong)
ērum (dative masculine singular strong)
ērun (dative masculine singular strong)
ēron (dative masculine singular strong)
ēren (dative masculine singular strong)
ēran (dative masculine singular strong)
ērun (dative masculine plural strong)
ēron (dative masculine plural strong)
ērum (dative masculine plural strong)
ēraro (dative feminine singular strong)
ēraru (dative feminine singular strong)
ērara (dative feminine singular strong)
ērun (dative feminine plural strong)
ēron (dative feminine plural strong)
ērumu (dative neuter singular strong)
ērum (dative neuter singular strong)
ērun (dative neuter singular strong)
ēron (dative neuter singular strong)
ēren (dative neuter singular strong)
ēran (dative neuter singular strong)
ērun (dative neuter plural strong)
ēron (dative neuter plural strong)
ērum (dative neuter plural strong)
ēro (masculine nominative singular weak)
ēra (masculine nominative singular weak)
ēron (masculine nominative plural weak)
ērun (masculine nominative plural weak)
ēra (feminine nominative singular weak)
ēre (feminine nominative singular weak)
ēron (feminine nominative plural weak)
ērun (feminine nominative plural weak)
ēran (feminine nominative plural weak)
ēra (neuter nominative singular weak)
ēre (neuter nominative singular weak)
ēron (neuter nominative plural weak)
ērun (neuter nominative plural weak)
ēron (accusative masculine singular weak)
ēran (accusative masculine singular weak)
ēron (accusative masculine plural weak)
ērun (accusative masculine plural weak)
ērun (accusative feminine singular weak)
ēron (accusative feminine singular weak)
ēran (accusative feminine singular weak)
ēron (accusative feminine plural weak)
ērun (accusative feminine plural weak)
ēran (accusative feminine plural weak)
ēra (accusative neuter singular weak)
ēre (accusative neuter singular weak)
ēron (accusative neuter plural weak)
ērun (accusative neuter plural weak)
ēren (genitive masculine singular weak)
ēran (genitive masculine singular weak)
ērono (genitive masculine plural weak)
ēreno (genitive masculine plural weak)
ērun (feminine genitive singular weak)
ēran (feminine genitive singular weak)
ēren (feminine genitive singular weak)
ērono (feminine genitive plural weak)
ēren (genitive neuter singular weak)
ēran (genitive neuter singular weak)
ērono (genitive neuter plural weak)
ēreno (genitive neuter plural weak)
ēron (dative masculine singular weak)
ēren (dative masculine singular weak)
ēran (dative masculine singular weak)
ēron (dative masculine plural weak)
ērun (dative masculine plural weak)
ērun (dative feminine singular weak)
ēran (dative feminine singular weak)
ēron (dative feminine plural weak)
ērun (dative feminine plural weak)
ēron (dative neuter singular weak)
ēren (dative neuter singular weak)
ēran (dative neuter singular weak)
ēron (dative neuter plural weak)
ērun (dative neuter plural weak)

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, whence also Old English ær.


er

Middle Low German: ēr

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, whence also Old English ār.


er

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old English ār, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).


er

head

er (IIa class pluriform, R1 rer, R2 ser, noun form era)


er

el mo er a medad

er a elecha el tutau

rakket er a tenis

Used to indicate a specific object noun phrase.


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


er

Borrowed from Middle Low German ere／eren／here.


er

From Proto-Turkic *ēr. Cognate to Azerbaijani ər, Turkish er, Turkmen är.


er

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r. Cognate to Turkish er, Turkmen īr.


er

From Old Frisian -er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ. Cognates include West Frisian er and German er.


er

(Southern Scots) Second-person simple present form of ti be

(Southern Scots) Plural simple present form of ti be

A'm er so!

(Southern Scots) First-person singular simple present form of an obscure form of ti be


er

(possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)

Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?

Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?

(reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves

head

er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)

ert (neuter possessive)
era (plural)
jag (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mig (first-person oblique personal pronoun singular)
mej (colloquial first-person oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling singular)
min (first-person personal possessed-common possessive pronoun singular)
mitt (first-person personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular)
mina (first-person personal possessed-many possessive pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dig (oblique personal pronoun second-person singular)
dej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling second-person singular)
din (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ditt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person singular)
han (masculine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
honom (masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
han (informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (dialectal informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hans (masculine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
henne (feminine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennes (feminine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
henom (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
hens (gender-neutral neologism personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (common-gender personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (neuter personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
man (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
ens (indefinite personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sig (oblique personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive singular third-person)
sin (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sitt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (first-person oblique personal plural pronoun)
vår (first-person personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
våran (first-person informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
vårt (first-person personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
vårat (first-person informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
våra (first-person personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun)
ni (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eran (informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
ers (formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
ert (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
erat (informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
era (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
I (archaic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eders (archaic formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
edert (archaic personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
edra (archaic personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
de (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial nominative personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
dem (oblique personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
deras (personal plural possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun third-person)
sig (oblique personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive third-person)
sin (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sitt (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sina (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)

Contraction of earlier eder, from Old Swedish iþer, idher, from Old Norse iðʀ, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.


er

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ایر, ار, from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r (“early”). Related to Old Turkic 𐰼 (er).


er

conscript, private (soldier of the lowest rank of the army)

er (definite accusative eri, plural erler)

eri (accusative definite)
erler (plural)
er (nominative singular)
erler (nominative plural)
eri (accusative definite singular)
erleri (accusative definite plural)
ere (dative singular)
erlere (dative plural)
erde (locative singular)
erlerde (locative plural)
erden (ablative singular)
erlerden (ablative plural)
erin (genitive singular)
erlerin (genitive plural)
erim (first-person nominative singular)
erlerim (first-person nominative singular)
erin (nominative second-person singular)
erlerin (nominative second-person singular)
eri (nominative singular third-person)
erleri (nominative singular third-person)
erimiz (first-person nominative plural)
erlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
eriniz (nominative plural second-person)
erleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
erleri (nominative plural third-person)
erimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
erlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
erini (accusative definite second-person singular)
erlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
erini (accusative definite singular third-person)
erlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
erimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
erlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
erinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
erlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
erlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
erime (dative first-person singular)
erlerime (dative first-person singular)
erine (dative second-person singular)
erlerine (dative second-person singular)
erine (dative singular third-person)
erlerine (dative singular third-person)
erimize (dative first-person plural)
erlerimize (dative first-person plural)
erinize (dative plural second-person)
erlerinize (dative plural second-person)
erlerine (dative plural third-person)
erimde (first-person locative singular)
erlerimde (first-person locative singular)
erinde (locative second-person singular)
erlerinde (locative second-person singular)
erinde (locative singular third-person)
erlerinde (locative singular third-person)
erimizde (first-person locative plural)
erlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
erinizde (locative plural second-person)
erlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
erlerinde (locative plural third-person)
erimden (ablative first-person singular)
erlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
erinden (ablative second-person singular)
erlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
erinden (ablative singular third-person)
erlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
erimizden (ablative first-person plural)
erlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
erinizden (ablative plural second-person)
erlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
erlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
erimin (first-person genitive singular)
erlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
erinin (genitive second-person singular)
erlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
erinin (genitive singular third-person)
erlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
erimizin (first-person genitive plural)
erlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
erinizin (genitive plural second-person)
erlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
erlerinin (genitive plural third-person)
erim (first-person singular)
erlerim (first-person singular)
ersin (second-person singular)
erlersin (second-person singular)
er (singular third-person)
erdir (singular third-person)
erler (singular third-person)
erlerdir (singular third-person)
eriz (first-person plural)
erleriz (first-person plural)
ersiniz (plural second-person)
erlersiniz (plural second-person)
erler (plural third-person)
erlerdir (plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ار, from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Related to noun-forming suffix -er and Old Turkic 𐰼 (er).


er

second-person singular imperative of ermek


er

Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.

2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw

Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.

Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …

2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw

I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).


er

erof (first-person singular)
erom (first-person plural)
erot (second-person singular)
eroch (plural second-person)
erddo m (singular third-person)
erddi f (singular third-person)
erddynt (plural third-person)


er

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

eriau (plural)
er (mutation mutation-radical)
her (mutation prothesis-h)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


er

clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.