See e-ka on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for e-ka meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "如何",
"3": "如何な",
"tr": "sha, sa",
"tr2": "ixana"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "cā, ikāna, hikāna"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "如何し",
"tr": "xyashi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "chā, icha, ikana"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "icha, ikya"
},
"expansion": "Oki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "如何し",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikyashi, ixyāshi"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "如何すぃ",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikyasï"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ichā"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 如何 (ichā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 如何 (ichā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ikya"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 如何 (ikya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 如何 (ikya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "如何有ら",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikāra"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "如何な",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikana"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*e-ka",
"t": "how"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/e-ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"id": "en-e-ka-jpx-ryu-pro-pron-gESq4fho",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-ka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ika"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 如何 (ika)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 如何 (ika)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ika, ikaga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 如何 (ika, ikaga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 如何 (ika, ikaga) (< ika, ika-ni-ka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*e-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *e-ka\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)\nKunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)\nNorthern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)\nOkinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)\nOki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)\n⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)\n⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)\nYoron: 如何 (ichā)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 如何 (ikya)\n⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *e-ka\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)\nKunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)\nNorthern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)\nOkinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)\nOki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)\n⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)\n⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)\nYoron: 如何 (ichā)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 如何 (ikya)\n⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2020:302)"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2020:302)",
"name": "ja-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "如何し",
"tr": "kāshi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 如何し (kāshi)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "池",
"t": "pond of a garden",
"tr": "ichi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 池 (ichi, “pond of a garden”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ike",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *ike",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "急がるり",
"t": "to rush",
"tr": "ishogaruri",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami-Oshima 急がるり (ishogaruri, “to rush”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*isogi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *isogi",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "엇〯더〮",
"2": "ěsté",
"3": "how"
},
"expansion": "엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how”)",
"name": "okm-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vovin (2020:302) apparently reconstructs initial *e- on the speculative basis that \"the Northern Amami dialects point to initial proto-Ryukyuan *e-, not *i-\", and claims the lack of palatalization in Benoki Okinawan 如何し (kāshi) demonstrates that the initial *e- is segmentable. However, it appears that no Ryukyuan dialect faithfully preserves the distinction of intial Proto-Japonic *e ~ *i, except *i- would trigger palatalization in a velar, alveolar , whether it is part of the phoneme or precedes the following syllable (c.f. Okinawan 池 (ichi, “pond of a garden”) < Proto-Ryukyuan *ike or Northern Amami-Oshima 急がるり (ishogaruri, “to rush”) < Proto-Ryukyuan *isogi).\nIf the reconstruction is correct, the initial *e- may be cognate with Middle Korean 엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/e-ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"id": "en-e-ka-jpx-pro-pron-gESq4fho",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-ka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ika"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 如何 (ika)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 如何 (ika)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ika, ikaga"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 如何 (ika, ikaga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 如何 (ika, ikaga) (< ika, ika-ni-ka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*e-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *e-ka\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)\nKunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)\nNorthern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)\nOkinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)\nOki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)\n⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)\n⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)\nYoron: 如何 (ichā)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 如何 (ikya)\n⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *e-ka\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)\nKunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)\nNorthern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)\nOkinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)\nOki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)\n⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)\n⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)\nYoron: 如何 (ichā)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 如何 (ikya)\n⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2020:302)"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2020:302)",
"name": "ja-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "如何し",
"tr": "kāshi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 如何し (kāshi)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "池",
"t": "pond of a garden",
"tr": "ichi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 池 (ichi, “pond of a garden”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ike",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *ike",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "急がるり",
"t": "to rush",
"tr": "ishogaruri",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami-Oshima 急がるり (ishogaruri, “to rush”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*isogi",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *isogi",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "엇〯더〮",
"2": "ěsté",
"3": "how"
},
"expansion": "엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how”)",
"name": "okm-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vovin (2020:302) apparently reconstructs initial *e- on the speculative basis that \"the Northern Amami dialects point to initial proto-Ryukyuan *e-, not *i-\", and claims the lack of palatalization in Benoki Okinawan 如何し (kāshi) demonstrates that the initial *e- is segmentable. However, it appears that no Ryukyuan dialect faithfully preserves the distinction of intial Proto-Japonic *e ~ *i, except *i- would trigger palatalization in a velar, alveolar , whether it is part of the phoneme or precedes the following syllable (c.f. Okinawan 池 (ichi, “pond of a garden”) < Proto-Ryukyuan *ike or Northern Amami-Oshima 急がるり (ishogaruri, “to rush”) < Proto-Ryukyuan *isogi).\nIf the reconstruction is correct, the initial *e- may be cognate with Middle Korean 엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/e-ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic multiword terms",
"Proto-Japonic pronouns"
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-ka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "如何",
"3": "如何な",
"tr": "sha, sa",
"tr2": "ixana"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: 如何 (sha, sa), 如何な (ixana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "cā, ikāna, hikāna"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 如何 (cā, ikāna, hikāna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "如何し",
"tr": "xyashi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (xyashi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "chā, icha, ikana"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 如何 (chā, icha, ikana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "icha, ikya"
},
"expansion": "Oki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oki-No-Erabu: 如何 (icha, ikya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "如何し",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikyashi, ixyāshi"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 如何し (ikyashi, ixyāshi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "如何すぃ",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikyasï"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Toku-No-Shima: 如何すぃ (ikyasï)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ichā"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 如何 (ichā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 如何 (ichā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "如何",
"tr": "ikya"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 如何 (ikya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 如何 (ikya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "如何有ら",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikāra"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yaeyama: 如何有ら (ikāra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "如何な",
"der": "1",
"tr": "ikana"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yonaguni: 如何な (ikana)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*e-ka",
"t": "how"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/e-ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan multiword terms",
"Proto-Ryukyuan pronouns",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-ka"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (c690d5d and b5d1315). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.