See dysphemism on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "euphemism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "dysphémisme"
},
"expansion": "French dysphémisme",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French dysphémisme, modelled after euphémisme, with the prefix dys-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dysphemisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "dysphemism (countable and uncountable, plural dysphemisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dysphemistic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original."
],
"id": "en-dysphemism-en-noun-~bRHlRH9",
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dysfemisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "dysfemismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "nimittely"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysphémisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hyperbole"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "Dysphemisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "bahasa kasar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysfemizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "disfemízm",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "дисфеми́зм"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way."
],
"id": "en-dysphemism-en-noun-Jg3dCWGn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污言穢語"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污言秽语"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "惡俗字詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "恶俗字词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "醜化誣衊之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "丑化诬蔑之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "誹謗中傷之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "诽谤中伤之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "謾罵侮辱之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "谩骂侮辱之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "冒犯詆毀之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "冒犯诋毁之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "粗鄙不雅之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "粗鄙不雅之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "惡意貶損之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "恶意贬损之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污蔑抹黑之詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污蔑抹黑之词"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "言語攻擊"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "言语攻击"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hanlivé slovo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "haukkumasana"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysphémisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "Dysphemismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "Kakophemismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "disfemízm",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "дисфеми́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemism"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "kakofemism"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĭs'fə-mĭz\"(ə)m"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪs.fəˌmɪ.z(ə)m/"
}
],
"word": "dysphemism"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "euphemism"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"id": "speak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "dysphémisme"
},
"expansion": "French dysphémisme",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French dysphémisme, modelled after euphémisme, with the prefix dys-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dysphemisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "dysphemism (countable and uncountable, plural dysphemisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dysphemistic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original."
],
"links": [
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dĭs'fə-mĭz\"(ə)m"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɪs.fəˌmɪ.z(ə)m/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemismus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dysfemisme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "dysfemismi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "nimittely"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysphémisme"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hyperbole"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "Dysphemisierung"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "bahasa kasar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysfemizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "disfemízm",
"sense": "use of a derogatory or vulgar word to replace a neutral one",
"word": "дисфеми́зм"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污言穢語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污言秽语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "惡俗字詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "恶俗字词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "醜化誣衊之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "丑化诬蔑之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "誹謗中傷之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "诽谤中伤之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "謾罵侮辱之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "谩骂侮辱之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "冒犯詆毀之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "冒犯诋毁之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "粗鄙不雅之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "粗鄙不雅之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "惡意貶損之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "恶意贬损之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污蔑抹黑之詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "污蔑抹黑之词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "言語攻擊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "言语攻击"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hanlivé slovo"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemismus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemisme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemismi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "haukkumasana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysphémisme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "Dysphemismus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "Kakophemismus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dysfemizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "disfemízm",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "дисфеми́зм"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disfemismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "dysfemism"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word or phrase used to replace another in this way",
"word": "kakofemism"
}
],
"word": "dysphemism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dysphemism meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.