do

second/third-person singular present indicative of dua; “you want/love”, “he/she/it wants/loves”


do

Mia san do kane Trottln.

Des Gschäft håd do zugsperrt.

Den kenn i do!

I wui do nur wissa, wo's då auße geht.

I really just want to know where the exit is.

Contradicts what may be believed and/or emphasises a certainty: certainly, but, really, just (always unstressed)

Mia san do kane Trottln.

Des Gschäft håd do zugsperrt.

I håb's versuacht, owa dånn do ned gschåfft.

Emphasis on a different outcome than expected: after all, in the end (always stressed)

From Middle High German doch, from Old High German doh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh. Cognates include German doch, Dutch doch, Yiddish דאָך (dokh), Luxembourgish dach, English though, Old Norse þó, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐌷 (þauh).


do

(music) do (first note of diatonic scale)


do

(obsolete) first-person singular present indicative of dar

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


do

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) then; back then (at a certain time in the past)

From Old High German duo (“then”), variant of do, dō. Compare German da, Dutch toen.


do

(few dialects, including Kölsch) thou; you (singular)


do

From English do. Resemblance to Taishanese 做 (du¹, “to do”) is probably coincidence.


do

Vešel do místnosti.

Dostala se jí voda do bot.

Jdeme do obchodu.

Přiletěli jsme do New Yorku.

to, in (in the direction of, and arriving at; indicating destination)

Zůstal tam až do neděle.

Ať jsi zpátky do desíti!

Do hlavy ne!

Oběť byla pobodána do břicha

to, in (physical blows "to" a body part)

Budeme si to pamatovat do posledního dechu

We will remember it till our last breath.

to, up to (extreme limit, all the way up to)

Inherited from Old Czech do, from Proto-Slavic *do.


do

Do you go there often?

(auxiliary) A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.

A syntactic marker in a question whose main verb is not another auxiliary verb or be.

I do not go there often.

Do not listen to him.

“Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 51:

(auxiliary) A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.

A syntactic marker in negations with the indicative and imperative moods.

But I do go sometimes.

Do tell us.

“I don't know how you and the ‘head,’ as you call him, will get on, but I do know that if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […]”

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

"Do stop it," said Susan; "it won't make things any better having a row between you two. Let's go and find Lucy."

1950, C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe:

(auxiliary) A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.

A syntactic marker for emphasis with the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods.

I play tennis; she does too.

They don't think it be like it is, but it do. (nonstandard)

Don't be a naughty baby,
Come to papa, come to papa, do!
My sweet embraceable you.

1930, George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin, Embraceable You:

(pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; in most dialects, not used with auxiliaries such as be, though it can be in AAVE.

If you want something done, do it yourself.

All you ever do is surf the Internet. What will you do this afternoon?

The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing",[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48:

And also my lorde abbot of westmynster ded do shewe to me late, certayn euydences wryton in olde englysshe […]

1490, William Caxton, “Prologue”, in Eneydos (in Middle English); republished as Caxton's Eneydos, London: Early English Text Society, 1890, page 2:

Sometimes to do him laugh, ſhe would aſſay / To laugh at ſhaking off the leaues light, / Or to behold the water worke […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 7, page 258:

Emongſt the reſt a wicked maladie / Raign’d emongſt men, that manie did to die,[…]

1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:

MOreouer, brethren, wee do you to wit [i.e. we make you to know] of the grace of God beſtowed on the Churches of Macedonia,[…]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 8:1, column 1:

(obsolete, transitive) To cause, make (someone) (do something).

To cause, make (someone) (do something).

it’s not the best broom, but it will have to do; this will do me, thanks.

"Here," she said, "take your old Bunny! He'll do to sleep with you!" And she dragged the Rabbit out by one ear, and put him into the Boy's arms.

1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit:

It simply will not do to have dozens of children running around such a quiet event.

(intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.

The fresh air did him some good.

Our relationship isn't doing very well; how do you do?

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).

A big framed beast takes a lot of food — expensive food at that [—] to keep it doing […]

1908 September 21, “The fattening beast”, in Mark Lane Express Agricultural Journal, page 340:

That farm would go like a rick a-fire. It would do: it would go forward and prosper and make him his money.

1971, George Ewart Evans, quoting ploughman Charles Last (born 1878), Tools of Their Trades: An Oral History of Men at Work c. 1900, Taplinger Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 68:

(especially England, intransitive) To fare well; to thrive; to prosper; (of livestock) to fatten.

To fare well; to thrive; to prosper; (of livestock) to fatten.

What does Bob do? — He's a plumber.

(transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.

Don't forget to do your report!

To perform the tasks or actions associated with (something).

I'll just do some eggs.

It seemed, from his account, that he was very good at doing scrambled eggs.

1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] :

We went down below, and the galley-slave did some ham and eggs, and the first lieutenant, who was aged 19, told me about Sicily, and time went like a flash.

1944, “News from the Suburbs”, in Punch:

Next morning, they woke about ten o'clock, Kev, went for a shower while Alice, did some toast, put the kettle on, and when he came out, she went in.

2005, Alan Tansley, The Grease Monkey, page 99:

We 'did' London to our hearts' content,—thanks to Fred and Frank,—and were sorry to go away; […]

1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “Our Foreign Correspondent”, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, page 115:

After doing Paris and its suburbs, I started for London […]

1892, James Batchelder, Multum in Parvo: Notes from the Life and Travels of James Batchelder, page 97:

No tourist can get credit for seeing America first without doing New York, the Wonderful Town, the Baghdad-on-Hudson, the dream in the eye of the Kansas hooker […]

1968 July 22, Ralph Schoenstein, “Nice Place to Visit”, in New York Magazine, page 28:

Let’s do New York also.

(transitive) To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.

To travel in, to tour, to make a circuit of.

They did me well, I assure you—uncommon well: Bollinger of '84; green chartreuse fit for a prince; […]

1894, Harper's New Monthly Magazine, volume 87, page 59, column 1:

Upon my word, although he [my host] certainly did me uncommonly well, I began to feel I'd be more at ease among the bushmen.

1928, Dorothy L[eigh] Sayers, “The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers”, in Lord Peter Views the Body:

"Why you gonna do me like that?" I ask. "Do what?" "Dog me."

1994, Jervey Tervalon, Understand This, →ISBN, page 50:

Christmas, why you gotta do me like this / I always embraced you / Held you close inside my heart

2023, “Christmas, Why You Gotta Do Me Like This”, performed by Eels:

The woman-who-did did not do very well, Juliet thought.

2018, Kate Atkinson, Transcription, →ISBN, page 291:

(transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.

Vnto this day they doe after the former manners: they feare not the Lord, neither doe they after their Statutes, or after their Ordinances, or after the Law and Commaundement which the Lord commaunded the children of Iacob, whom hee named Iſrael,[…]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Kings 17:34, column 2:

(intransitive, obsolete) To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.

To act or behave in a certain manner; to conduct oneself.

I did five years for armed robbery.

(transitive) To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)

To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)

They really laughed when he did Clinton, with a perfect accent and a leer.

He did a Henry VIII and got married six times.

He was planning to do a 9/11.

(with 'a' and the name of a person, place, event, etc.) To copy or emulate the actions or behaviour that is associated with the person or thing mentioned.

Case pulled the .22 out of his pocket and levelled it at Wage's crotch. “I hear you wanna do me.”

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 22:

About a year ago, a boy name Brandon got got here in Baltimore. Stuck and burned before he passed. […] Wasn't no need for y'all to do him the way y'all did.

2003 August 17, George Pelecanos, “Bad Dreams” (43:27 from the start), in The Wire, season 2, episode 11 (television production), spoken by Omar Little (Michael K. Williams), via HBO:

He's gonna do me, Jarvis. I kid you not, this time he's gonna do me proper.

2004, Patrick Stevens, Politics Is the Greatest Game: A Johannesburg Liberal Lampoon, →ISBN, page 314:

The order came and I did him right there. The bullet went right where it was supposed to go.

2007, E.J. Churchill, The Lazarus Code, page 153:

Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, […] or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they call doing him.

1870, Charles Reade, Put Yourself in His Place:

(transitive, slang) To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.

To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for.

He got done for speeding.

Teacher'll do you for that!

Deme. Villaine what haſt thou done?
A. That which thou canſt not vndoe.
Chiron. Thou haſt vndone our mother.
Aron. Villaine I haue done thy mother.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

[…] one day I did her on the kitchen table, and several times on the dining-room table.

1996, James Russell Kincaid, My Secret Life, page 81:

The uninhibited woman within wanted to do him right there on the countertop, but I remained composed.

(transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)

That guy just did me out of two hundred bucks!

He was not to be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent.

1852, Thomas De Quincey, Sir William Hamilton:

the novel has just been done into English; I'm going to do this play into a movie

(transitive) To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.

To convert into a certain form; especially, to translate.

...An' the dogs do bark, an' the rooks be a-vled to the elems high and dark, an' the water do roar at mill.

1844, William Barnes, “Evenén in the Village”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect:

(archaic, dialectal, transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the present progressive of verbs.

Used to form the present progressive of verbs.

(stock exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.

To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.

Do they do haircuts there?

Could you do me a burger with mayonnaise instead of ketchup?

(informal, transitive, ditransitive) To make or provide.

"Defender Kolo Toure admitted Given will be a loss, but gave his backing to Nielsen. 'I think he's done his shoulder,' said the Ivorian."

2010 April 24, “Given stretchered off with suspected broken shoulder”, in The Irish Times, retrieved 2015-07-21:

"Watto will spend the entire winter stretching and doing Pilates, and do a hamstring after bending down to pick up his petrol cap after dropping it filling his car at Caltex Cronulla."

2014 April 14, Matt Cleary, “What do Australia's cricketers do on holiday?”, in ESPNcricinfo, retrieved 2015-07-21:

"'I knew straight away I'd done my ACL, I heard the sound - it was very loud and a few of the boys said they heard it as well,' Otten said."

2014 August 13, Harry Thring, “I knew straight away I'd done my ACL: Otten”, in AFL.com.au, retrieved 2015-07-21:

(informal, transitive) To injure (one's own body part).

I do cocaine.

What's that car doing in our swimming pool?

(transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.

To exist with a purpose or for a reason.

He was doing 50 [miles per hour] in a school zone.

(informal, transitive) To drive a vehicle at a certain speed, especially in regard to a speed limit.

To drive a vehicle at a certain speed, especially in regard to a speed limit.

en-verb

do (third-person singular simple present does, present participle doing, simple past did, past participle done)

does (present singular third-person)
doing (participle present)
did (past)
done (participle past)
do (infinitive)

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

never put off until tomorrow what you can do today

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those doing it

what does that have to do with the price of corn

what does that have to do with the price of fish

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China

who are you and what have you done with someone

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

you're damned if you do and you're damned if you don't

not used in Dutch (translated by inversion)

est-ce que (or translated by inversion of the verb and subject)

tun

in colloquial speech, certain dialects, baby-language

ay

positioned at the beginning of a sentence

tehdä

emulate behaviour generally attributed to the individual named

Brittonicisms in English
Do
Do-support
Early Modern English

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”).
For senses 4 and 5, compare Old Norse duga, whence Danish du.
The past tense form is from Middle English didde, dude, from Old English dyde, *diede, an unexpected development from Proto-Germanic *dedǭ/*dedē (the expected reflex would be *ded), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti, an athematic e-reduplicated verb of the same root *dʰeh₁-.
The meaningless use of do in interrogative, negative, and affirmative sentences (e.g. "Do you like painting?" "Yes, I do"), existing in some form in most Germanic languages, is thought by some linguists to be one of the Brittonicisms in English, calqued from Brythonic. It is first recorded in Middle English, where it may have marked the perfective aspect, though in some cases the meaning seems to be imperfective. In Early Modern English, any meaning in such contexts was lost, making it a dummy auxiliary, and soon thereafter its use became mandatory in most questions and negations.
Doublets include deed, deem, -dom, but not deal.
Other cognates include, via Latin, English feast, festival, fair (“celebration”), via Greek, English theo-, theme, thesis, and Sanskrit दधाति (dadhāti, “to put”), धातृ (dhātṛ, “creator”) and धातु (dhātu, “layer, element, root”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”)


do

We’re having a bit of a do on Saturday to celebrate my birthday.

She was into French cuisine but I ain't no Cordon Bleu / This was at some do in Palmers Green, I had no luck with her

1980, Jona Lewie, Keef Trouble (lyrics and music), “You'll Always Find Me in the Kitchen at Parties”, performed by Jona Lewie:

A gross-gutted, bulb-nosed, bourbon-stanky Boston flatfoot in plain clothes wrinkled white sox, with a race track tip-sheet stuffed in his back pocket trying real hard to mingle unnoticed at an elegant Buddies "do" to glean inside-dope.

1980 December 13, Mitzel, “Dale Barbre's Murder Transformed”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 21, page 13:

[…]; this aside, though, neon forever the moniker of trash, this is a posh do, in an opera house full of folk in tuxes.

2013 September 13, Russell Brand, “Russell Brand and the GQ awards”, in The Guardian:

(UK, informal) A party, celebration, social function; usually of moderate size and formality.

Alternative form: 'do

Nice do!

I don't like to spend time on my hairstyle, so I usually just wear a do-rag.

I like the new do.

2012, Hannah Richell, The Secrets of the Tides, →ISBN, page 464:

Don't forget the dos and don'ts.

With the coming of Monday arrived a new life for David—a curious life full of "don'ts" and "dos."

1916, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter VIII, in Just David:

(chiefly fossilized) Something that can or should be done.

"How come you quit?" "I'm moving to London." "Fair dos."

(chiefly obsolete, fossilized in the UK) Something that has been done.

A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.

(archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.

(obsolete, UK, slang) A cheat; a swindler.

(obsolete, UK, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.

Get it done, no not properly
Them man thought that they got me
True, I came back like a fucking zombie
Attempted do with the ching
Have an opp boy say “please don’t chong me!”

2020 December 4, “No fibs” (1:34 from the start), in (Zone 2) Karma × Trizzac (lyrics), Demented:

en-noun

do (plural dos or do's or (uncommon) doos)

dos (plural)
do's (plural)
doos (plural uncommon)


do

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.

Coined by Italian musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni in 1635 as an easier-to-sing open-syllable revision to the solmization ut of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin Dominus (“The Lᴏʀᴅ”) (speculated by some to be an ulterior abbreviation of Giovanni Battista Doni) on the pattern of other Latinate solfège with the stated justification that God is the tonic and root of the world.


do

The cardinal number occurring after el and before do one in a duodecimal system. Written 10, decimal value 12.


do

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

eo-head

do (accusative singular do-on, plural do-oj, accusative plural do-ojn)

do-on (accusative singular)
do-oj (plural)
do-ojn (accusative plural)


do

therefore, then, so (with conclusion), indeed, however

From French donc, possibly via apheresis of Latin ad tunc (see adonc). Compare Italian dunque, Romanian atunci, Spanish entonces.


do

I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

And if “a man’s homeland [i.e. “homeland of the man”] is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

head

do m sg (plural dos, feminine da, feminine plural das)

dos (plural)
da (feminine)
das (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese do, equivalent to de (“of”) + o (masculine singular definite article).


do

dos (genitive singular)
do (plural)
do (indefinite nominative singular)
doið (definite nominative singular)
do (indefinite nominative plural)
doini (definite nominative plural)
do (accusative indefinite singular)
doið (accusative definite singular)
do (accusative indefinite plural)
doini (accusative definite plural)
doi (dative indefinite singular)
doinum (dative definite singular)
doum (dative indefinite plural)
dounum (dative definite plural)
dos (genitive indefinite singular)
dosins (definite genitive singular)
doa (genitive indefinite plural)
doanna (definite genitive plural)


do

cabalo do demo

head

do m (feminine da, masculine plural dos, feminine plural das)

da (feminine)
dos (masculine plural)
das (feminine plural)

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine definite article o (“the”).


do

Die Fraa is nimmi do.

Do sim-mer fortgesprung.


do

do mhol sé

(Munster, literary) prefixed before the preterite, imperfect and conditional forms of a verb

From confusion between Middle Irish ro- (in perfect), no- (in imperfect and conditional), and do- (of many verbs with that preverb), from Old Irish ro-, no-, to- respectively.


do

an cailín do mholann sé

(Munster, literary) relative marker (in direct relative clauses)

Reanalysis of do (“past tense marker”) and the early modern unstressed preverb do- of verbs like do-gheibhim (“I get”), do-chím (“I see”) (and possibly also a- in a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”)) in relative clauses as a relative marker.


do

do chara

Tá sé do mo ghortú.

Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí.

Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí.

used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect

dom (first-person singular)
domsa (emphatic first-person singular)
duit (second-person singular)
duitse (emphatic second-person singular)
dó (masculine singular third-person)
dósan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
di (feminine singular third-person)
dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dúinn (first-person plural)
dúinne (emphatic first-person plural)
daoibh (plural second-person)
daoibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dóibh (plural third-person)
dóibhsean (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).


do

Cá bhfuil do charr?

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *towe (“your, thy”); compare Welsh dy, Cornish dha, Breton da.


do

first-person singular present indicative of dare


do

Clipping of Doni, the surname of Giovanni Battista Doni. Coined in the 17th century to replace ut.


do

The hiragana syllable ど (do) or the katakana syllable ド (do) in Hepburn romanization.


do

Tertium non datur.

A third [possibility] is not given [the law of excluded middle].

Honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam, ut sis longaevus super terram, quam Dominus Deus tuus dabit tibi.

Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

Do tibi operam, Aristophontes, si quid est quod me velis.

c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4

I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me.
(literally, “I offer labour to you, Aristophontes…”)

causam minus mirabilem dedit

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.14

he rendered the circumstances less strange

dumque mora est, tremulā dat vīna rubentia dextrā

And while there is a delay, with his trembling right hand he offers [them] red wine.
(Hyrieus serves his guests, unaware that they are gods. See: Hyrieus; Orion (mythology).)

Non igitur provocatio ista lege datur, sed duae maxime salutares leges quaestionesque tolluntur. Quid est aliud hortari adulescentis ut turbulenti, ut seditiosi, ut perniciosi cives velint esse?

It is not, therefore, a right of appeal that is afforded by that law, but two most salutary laws and modes of judicial investigation that are abolished. And what is this but exhorting young men to be turbulent, seditious, mischievous citizens?

Quid, quod obrogatur legibus Cæsaris, quae iubent ei qui de vi itemque ei qui maiestatis damnatus sit aqua et igni interdici? quibus cum provocatio datur, nonne acta Cæsaris rescinduntur? Quae quidem ego, patres conscripti, qui illa numquam probavi, tamen ita conservanda concordiae causa arbitratus sum ut non modo, quas vivus leges Cæsar tulisset, infirmandas hoc tempore non putarem, sed ne illas quidem quas post mortem Cæsaris prolatas esse et fixas videtis.

What more? Is not this a substitution of a new law for the laws of Cæsar, which enact that every man who has been convicted of violence, and also every man who has been convicted of treason, shall be interdicted from fire and water? And, when those men have a right of appeal granted them, are not the acts of Cæsar rescinded? And those acts, O conscript fathers, I, who never approved of them, have still thought it advisable to maintain for the sake of concord; so that I not only did not think that the laws which Cæsar had passed in his lifetime ought to be repealed, but I did not approve of meddling with those even which since the death of Cæsar you have seen produced and published.

to concede, surrender, yield, deliver, give up

la-verb

dō (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular

dō (canonical)
dare (infinitive present)
dedī (active perfect)
datum (supine)
dō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dat (active indicative present singular third-person)
damus (active first-person indicative plural present)
datis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dant (active indicative plural present third-person)
danunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
dabam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dabās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dabat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dabāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dabātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dabant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dabō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dabis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dabit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dabimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dabitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dabunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dedī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dedistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dedit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dedimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dedistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dedērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dedēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dederam (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dederās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dederat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dederāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dederātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dederant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dederō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dederis (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dederit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dederimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dederitis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dederint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
daris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dare (indicative passive present second-person singular)
datur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
damur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
daminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dabar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dabāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dabāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dabātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dabāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dabāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dabantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dabor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
daberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dabere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dabitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dabimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dabiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dabuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
datus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
dem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
duim (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
duās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
duīs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
det (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
duit (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
duint (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
darem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
darēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
daret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
darēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
darētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
darent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dederim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dederīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dederit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dederīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dederītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dederint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dedissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dedissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dedisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dedissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dedissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dedissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
der (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
darer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
darēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
darēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
darētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
darēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
darēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
darentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dā (active imperative present second-person singular)
date (active imperative plural present second-person)
datō (active future imperative second-person singular)
datō (active future imperative singular third-person)
datōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dare (imperative passive present second-person singular)
daminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dator (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dator (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dare (active infinitive present)
dedisse (active infinitive perfect)
datūrum esse (active future infinitive)
darī (infinitive passive present)
datum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
datum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dāns (active participle present)
datūrus (active future participle)
datus (participle passive perfect)
dandus (future participle passive)
dandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
datum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
datū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aragonese: dar

Aromanian: dau, dari

Asturian: dar

Corsican: dà

Dalmatian: dur

Emilian: dèr

Friulian: dâ

Istriot: dà

Interlingua: dar

Istro-Romanian: dåu

Ladin: dé, dèr

Ligurian: dâ

Lombard: da, daa

Navarro-Aragonese: dar

Aragonese: dar

Neapolitan: dà

Italian: dare

Old Leonese: dar

Asturian: dar

Leonese: dar

Mirandese: dar

Old Galician-Portuguese: dar

Fala: dal

Galician: dar

desctree

Portuguese: dar
Angolar: ra
Annobonese: da
Guinea-Bissau Creole: da
Indo-Portuguese: dá
Kabuverdianu: da
Korlai Creole Portuguese: da
Macanese: dâ, dá
Kristang: da
Principense: da
Sãotomense: da
Saramaccan: dá

Old Occitan: dar

Occitan: dar

Old Catalan: dar

Catalan: dar

Old Spanish: dar

Extremaduran: dal

Ladino: dar

Spanish: dar

Chavacano: dale

Piedmontese: dé

Romagnol: dê

Romanian: da, dare

Romansch: dar, der

Sabir: dar, dara

Sardinian: dàe, dai, dare

Sicilian: dari, rari

Tarantino: dare

Venetian: dar

From Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”). The reduplication was lost in Latin in the present tense, but is preserved in the other Italic languages. A root aorist (from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t) is preserved in Venetic 𐌆𐌏𐌕𐌏 (doto); the other Italic perfect forms reflect a reduplicated stative, *dedai. However, the root aorist possibly served as the source of the Latin present forms. Cognates include Ancient Greek δίδωμι (dídōmi), Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v).
The derivatives of dō are not always easy to distinguish from those of -dō (“put”) < *dʰeh₁-.


do

(Eupen, temporal) at that time (in the past); at the time, then

Derived from Old High German doret. Compare German dort.


do

do Chóśebuza

do jsy

do wognja

do njebja

Jana chójźi hyšći do šule, wóna jo wuknica.

1998, Erwin Hannusch, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bauzten: Domowina, →ISBN, page 30:

Jana still goes to school; she is a schoolgirl.


do

second-person singular imperative of doen


do

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq. Compare Malay darah, Ilocano dara.


do

doen (definite singular)
doet (definite singular)
doer (indefinite plural)
do (indefinite plural)
doene (definite plural)
doa (definite plural)

Possibly an abbreviation of "do-hūs" ("do house") from Middle Low German dōn.


do

doen (definite singular)
doet (definite singular)
doar (indefinite plural)
do (indefinite plural)
doane (definite plural)
doa (definite plural)


do

(music) do, a syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

do-en (definite singular)
do-ar (indefinite plural)
do-ane (definite plural)

From the name of musicologist Giovanni Battista Doni, who suggested replacing the original ut with an open syllable for ease of singing. First found in Italian.


do

(non-standard since 1917) past singular of døy


do

Denotes period before something else; before; by

Czech: do


do

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of dōn:
singular present subjunctive


do

Contraction of de o (“of the, from the, -'s (masculine singular)”).


do

Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doïb di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.

head

do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun.)

of a following consonant-initial noun. (triggers-lenition)
dom (first-person singular)
dam (first-person singular)
domsa (emphatic first-person singular)
damsa (emphatic first-person singular)
duit (second-person singular)
dait (second-person singular)
dit (second-person singular)
deit (second-person singular)
duitsiu (emphatic second-person singular)
detsiu (emphatic second-person singular)
deitsiu (emphatic second-person singular)
duitso (emphatic second-person singular)
détso (emphatic second-person singular)
dó (dative masculine neuter singular third-person)
dóu (dative masculine neuter singular third-person)
dáu (dative masculine neuter singular third-person)
dosom (dative emphatic masculine neuter singular third-person)
dossom (dative emphatic masculine neuter singular third-person)
dí (dative feminine singular third-person)
disi (dative emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dissi (dative emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dún (first-person plural)
dúnn (first-person plural)
duún (first-person plural)
dúun (first-person plural)
dúin (first-person plural)
dúnni (emphatic first-person plural)
dúnnai (emphatic first-person plural)
dúib (plural second-person)
dúibsi (emphatic plural second-person)
doib (dative plural third-person)
doaib (dative plural third-person)
duaib (dative plural third-person)
dóib (dative plural third-person)
doïbsom (dative emphatic plural third-person)
doaibsem (dative emphatic plural third-person)
dóibsem (dative emphatic plural third-person)

From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.


do

Middle Irish: do

Irish: do

Scottish Gaelic: do

Manx: dty


do

denotes the subject of an address or action;

Polish: do

Silesian: do

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do. First attested in the 14th century.


do

From de + o, from Latin dē (“from”) + ubi (“where”).


do

Heit iss en Feierdaag do in Amerikaa.


do

Zwykle jeżdżę do pracy pociągiem.

Chcę wrócić do domu.

I want to go home. (literally, “I want to return to home.”)

Proszę włożyć mleko do lodówki.

Zapomniałem szczoteczki do zębów.

I forgot my toothbrush (literally, “I forgot brush for teeth.”)

Masz ochotę na coś do picia?

Napisałam do ciebie list.

Szymon w każdą sobotę dzwoni do mamy.

denotes the subject of an address or action; to

Do zeszłego miesiąca mieszkałem całe życie w Łodzi.

Until last month I had lived in Łódź my entire life.

Pracujemy od dziewiątej do piątej.

Grozi mu do sześciu lat więzienia.

He could get up to six years' imprisonment.

Nasz syn ma tylko pięć lat, a już umie liczyć do stu.

Our son is only five and can already count to 100.

Mój szef chce, żebym do jutra skończył raport.

My boss wants me to finish the report by tomorrow.

denotes a deadline; by (indicates an intended deadline)


do

From Old Galician-Portuguese do, from de (“of, from”) + o (“the”). Akin to Galician do, Spanish del, and French du.


do

(with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: до (do)
Old Ruthenian: до (do)
Belarusian: да (da)
Carpathian Rusyn: до (do)
Ukrainian: до (do)
Russian: до (do)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: до (do)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁ (do)

Bulgarian: до (do)

Macedonian: до (do)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̏

Latin script: dȍ

Slovene: do (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: do
Czech: do

Old Polish: do
Polish: do
Silesian: do

Slovak: do

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: do

Slovincian: dô

Polabian: dü

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: do

Upper Sorbian: do

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō.


do

do (plural)
do (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un do (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
doul (accusative definite nominative singular)
do (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște do (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
doi (accusative definite nominative plural)
do (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui do (dative genitive indefinite singular)
doului (dative definite genitive singular)
do (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor do (dative genitive indefinite plural)
dolor (dative definite genitive plural)
doule (singular vocative)
dolor (plural vocative)


do

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Cognates include West Frisian de and German die.


do

From Old Frisian thā, from Proto-Germanic *þan. Cognates include West Frisian dan and German dann.


do

Bha iongantach do ghràdh dhomh.

From Old Irish do. Cognates include Irish do.


do

Bha e a' siubhal do Shasainn an-uiridh.

Do dh'ar beatha, dhut, dhèanainn e.

head

do (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhan)

dhomh (first-person singular)
dhòmhsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dhut (second-person singular)
dhutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dha (masculine singular third-person)
dhàsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dhi (feminine singular third-person)
dhìse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dhuinn (first-person plural)
dhuinne (emphatic first-person plural)
dhuibh (plural second-person)
dhuibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dhaibh (plural third-person)
dhaibhsan (emphatic plural third-person)


do

An do sgrìobh thu litir?

Cha do bhrist mi an uinneag.

From Middle Irish ro-, from Old Irish ro-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro-.


do

ni(t)ko do ja

ne jede ništa do komad hljeba/hleba

do dva metra

do 5 kila

to je do hrane

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.


do

od Zagreba do Beograda

od jutra do mraka / od 5 do 10 sati

from morning to night / from 5 to 10 o'clock

od vrha do dna

do r(ij)eke

sad je pet do sedam

do poned(j)eljka

do sada

do nedavna

do dana današnjega

sve do

do kuda

do tuda

do rata

s(j)edi do mene

jedan do drugoga

nije mi do toga

nije mi do sm(ij)eha

njemu je samo do seksa

nije mi puno stalo do toga

nije do mene

(by extension, idiomatic and figurative meanings) up to one; interested in; feel like


do

(regional, Bosnia, Serbia) dale, small valley

dȏ (canonical masculine)
до̑ (Cyrillic)
dȏ (nominative singular)
dòlovi (nominative plural)
dȏli (nominative plural)
dȍla (genitive singular)
dolova (genitive plural)
dola (genitive plural)
dolu (dative singular)
dolovima (dative plural)
dolima (dative plural)
do (accusative singular)
dolove (accusative plural)
dole (accusative plural)
dole (singular vocative)
dolovi (plural vocative)
doli (plural vocative)
dolu (locative singular)
dolovima (locative plural)
dolima (locative plural)
dolom (instrumental singular)
dolovima (instrumental plural)
dolima (instrumental plural)


do

(with genitive) by (some time before the given time)


do

From Old Spanish do, from de (“from”) + o (“where”).


do

first-person singular present indicative of dar (“I give”)


do

Hầu hết các mô hình dưỡng lão đều do nhà nước bảo trợ, […]

Most of the aged care models are sponsored by the state, […]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-do.wav


do

Do, es i i'r parc ddoe.

From Proto-Celtic *tod, from Proto-Indo-European *tód (“that”).


do

first-person singular future colloquial of dod

do (mutation mutation-radical)
ddo (mutation mutation-soft)
no (mutation mutation-nasal)


do

to (mutation mutation-radical)
do (mutation mutation-soft)
nho (mutation mutation-nasal)
tho (mutation mutation-aspirate)


do

Ik hâld fan dy.

(Clay) you, thou; informal second-person singular pronoun

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
my (first-person objective personal pronoun singular)
mysels (first-person objective personal pronoun reflexive singular)
myn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
mines (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
do (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dû (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dy (informal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
dysels (informal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
dyn (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dines (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
josels (formal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
jo (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jowes (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
hy (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
him (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (masculine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sy (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hja (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
har (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
harsels (feminine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
har (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
harres (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (neuter objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
wy (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ús (first-person objective personal plural pronoun)
ússels (first-person objective personal plural pronoun reflexive)
ús (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
uzes (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
jim (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jim (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jinsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jim (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimme (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimmes (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sy (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hja (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
har (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harren (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
har (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harren (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harres (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
^ Now mostly archaic and unused (personal pronoun)

From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


do

From Old Frisian *dūve, from Proto-West Germanic *dūbā.


do

todo (first-person singular)
modo (first-person inclusive plural)
ado (exclusive first-person plural)
nodo (second-person singular)
fodo (plural second-person)
ido (inanimate singular third-person)
dodo (inanimate plural third-person)
ido (animate singular third-person)
dodo (animate plural third-person)
nodo (imperative singular)
do (imperative singular)
fodo (imperative plural)
do (imperative plural)


do

Ẹ bá mi fàmì sí "pàtàkì"
pà-tà-kì dò-dò-dò
Help me tone mark "pàtàkì"
pà-tà-kì low-tone, low-tone, low-tone

The syllable used to represent the low-tone and its diacritic (`)

From do used in solfège to represent the first tonic of a major scale.


do

Àwọn Àwórì ló kọ́kọ́ dó sí Èkó.

(transitive) to settle; to found a settlement


do

Related to Persian دوغ (duğ) and Tajik дуғ (duġ).


do

mecate, rope made of maguey or hair fiber