"defrutum" meaning in All languages combined

See defrutum on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Etymology: Borrowed from Latin dēfrutum. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*bʰrewh₁-}}, {{bor|en|la|dēfrutum}} Latin dēfrutum Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} defrutum (uncountable)
  1. A reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to half of the original volume. Wikipedia link: defrutum Tags: uncountable Related terms: carenum, sapa
    Sense id: en-defrutum-en-noun-d4QqQ6G6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈde.fru.tum/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈd̪ɛːfrut̪um] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From dē- + Proto-Italic *frutom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”), or per Schrijver's reconstruction, *bʰrew- (“to brew, boil”), perhaps interrelated with variant semantics. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), Irish bruth (“heat”), Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”) and ultimately related also to ferveō and fermentum. Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*frutom}} Proto-Italic *frutom, {{der|la|ine-pro|*bʰrewh₁-|t=to brew, boil}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”), {{cog|gem-pro|*bruþą||broth}} Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), {{cog|ga|bruth||heat}} Irish bruth (“heat”), {{cog|grc|βρῦτος||beer made of barley}} Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”) Head templates: {{la-noun|dēfrutum<2>}} dēfrutum n (genitive dēfrutī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|dēfrutum<2>}} Forms: dēfrutum [canonical, neuter], dēfrutī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], dēfrutum [nominative, singular], dēfruta [nominative, plural], dēfrutī [genitive, singular], dēfrutōrum [genitive, plural], dēfrutō [dative, singular], dēfrutīs [dative, plural], dēfrutum [accusative, singular], dēfruta [accusative, plural], dēfrutō [ablative, singular], dēfrutīs [ablative, plural], dēfrutum [singular, vocative], dēfruta [plural, vocative]
  1. grape must reduced by boiling Tags: declension-2 Derived forms: dēfrutō (english: I reduce to a syrup)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēfrutum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēfrutum",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dēfrutum.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "defrutum (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to half of the original volume."
      ],
      "id": "en-defrutum-en-noun-d4QqQ6G6",
      "links": [
        [
          "reduction",
          "reduction"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ],
        [
          "kettle",
          "kettle"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "carenum"
        },
        {
          "word": "sapa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "defrutum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "defrutum"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*frutom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *frutom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
        "t": "to brew, boil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bruþą",
        "3": "",
        "4": "broth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "bruth",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish bruth (“heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βρῦτος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beer made of barley"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From dē- + Proto-Italic *frutom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”), or per Schrijver's reconstruction, *bʰrew- (“to brew, boil”), perhaps interrelated with variant semantics.\nCognate with Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), Irish bruth (“heat”), Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”) and ultimately related also to ferveō and fermentum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dēfrutum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "dēfrutum n (genitive dēfrutī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dēfrutum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "I reduce to a syrup",
          "word": "dēfrutō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grape must reduced by boiling"
      ],
      "id": "en-defrutum-la-noun-H2w8m12Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ],
        [
          "reduced",
          "reduced"
        ],
        [
          "boiling",
          "boil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ˈdeː.fru.tum/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ˈd̪eːfrʊt̪ʊ̃ˑ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈde.fru.tum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪ɛːfrut̪um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "defrutum"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēfrutum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēfrutum",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dēfrutum.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "defrutum (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "carenum"
    },
    {
      "word": "sapa"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A reduction of must in Ancient Roman cuisine, made by boiling down grape juice or must in large kettles until reduced to half of the original volume."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reduction",
          "reduction"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ],
        [
          "kettle",
          "kettle"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "defrutum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "defrutum"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "I reduce to a syrup",
      "word": "dēfrutō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*frutom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *frutom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
        "t": "to brew, boil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*bruþą",
        "3": "",
        "4": "broth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "bruth",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish bruth (“heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βρῦτος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beer made of barley"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From dē- + Proto-Italic *frutom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew, boil”), or per Schrijver's reconstruction, *bʰrew- (“to brew, boil”), perhaps interrelated with variant semantics.\nCognate with Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), Irish bruth (“heat”), Ancient Greek βρῦτος (brûtos, “beer made of barley”) and ultimately related also to ferveō and fermentum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfrutum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dēfruta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dēfrutum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "dēfrutum n (genitive dēfrutī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dēfrutum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 3-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin neuter nouns",
        "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
        "Latin second declension nouns",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grape must reduced by boiling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ],
        [
          "reduced",
          "reduced"
        ],
        [
          "boiling",
          "boil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ˈdeː.fru.tum/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ˈd̪eːfrʊt̪ʊ̃ˑ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈde.fru.tum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪ɛːfrut̪um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "defrutum"
}

Download raw JSONL data for defrutum meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.