See defoil on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defoil",
"4": "",
"5": "to defile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defoil (“to defile”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defoil (“to defile”), from Old French defouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defoils",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defoil (third-person singular simple present defoils, present participle defoiling, simple past and past participle defoiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1853, Torquato Tasso, Edward Fairfaix, Leigh Hunt, Godfrey of Bulloigne, Or: The Recovery of Jerusalem, page 252:",
"text": "A murder'd body huge beside him stood, Of head and right hand both but lately spoiled, His left hand bore the head, whose visage good Both pale and wan with dust and gore defoiled, Yet spake, though dead, with whose sad words the blood Forth at his lips in huge abundance boiled:— Fly Argillan, from this false camp fly far, Whose guide a traitor, captains murderers are.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, Frank Carr, Of Palomide: Famous Knight of King Arthur's Round Table, page 81:",
"text": "Naught, Answered his hot desires : within the air The war-horse neighed, he heard the tourney-spears Ring in attaint, with moans from one defoiled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Jean Froissart, translated by John Bourchier, edited by George Campbell Macaulay, The Chronicles of Froissart, page 97:",
"text": "Then Sir Thomas came thither with his company and mounted up into the gate, and there found the said lords with twenty-five knights with them, who yielded them to Sir Thomas; and he took them for his prisoners and left company to keep them, and then mounted again on his horse and rode into the streets, and saved many lives of ladies, damosels, and cloisterers from defoiling,— for the soldiers were without mercy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Larry Tifft, Dennis Sullivan, The Struggle to Be Human: Crime, Criminology, and Anarchism, page 21:",
"text": "As the so-called experts of life continue to defoil the natural, living world, they also defoil the minds and tongues of its human inhabitants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defile or despoil."
],
"id": "en-defoil-en-verb-SCq0Yi09",
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
],
[
"despoil",
"despoil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "defoil"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French defouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defoileth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defoilende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoilynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "defoil",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "defoil"
},
"expansion": "defoil (third-person singular simple present defoileth, present participle defoilende, defoilynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle defoiled)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur:",
"text": "The meanwhile came in Sir Ector with an eager countenance, and found Ulfius and Brastias on foot, in great peril of death, that were foul defoiled under horse-feet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defile."
],
"id": "en-defoil-enm-verb-tcsyUbrg",
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
]
]
}
],
"word": "defoil"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defoil",
"4": "",
"5": "to defile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defoil (“to defile”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defoil (“to defile”), from Old French defouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defoils",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defoil (third-person singular simple present defoils, present participle defoiling, simple past and past participle defoiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1853, Torquato Tasso, Edward Fairfaix, Leigh Hunt, Godfrey of Bulloigne, Or: The Recovery of Jerusalem, page 252:",
"text": "A murder'd body huge beside him stood, Of head and right hand both but lately spoiled, His left hand bore the head, whose visage good Both pale and wan with dust and gore defoiled, Yet spake, though dead, with whose sad words the blood Forth at his lips in huge abundance boiled:— Fly Argillan, from this false camp fly far, Whose guide a traitor, captains murderers are.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890, Frank Carr, Of Palomide: Famous Knight of King Arthur's Round Table, page 81:",
"text": "Naught, Answered his hot desires : within the air The war-horse neighed, he heard the tourney-spears Ring in attaint, with moans from one defoiled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Jean Froissart, translated by John Bourchier, edited by George Campbell Macaulay, The Chronicles of Froissart, page 97:",
"text": "Then Sir Thomas came thither with his company and mounted up into the gate, and there found the said lords with twenty-five knights with them, who yielded them to Sir Thomas; and he took them for his prisoners and left company to keep them, and then mounted again on his horse and rode into the streets, and saved many lives of ladies, damosels, and cloisterers from defoiling,— for the soldiers were without mercy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Larry Tifft, Dennis Sullivan, The Struggle to Be Human: Crime, Criminology, and Anarchism, page 21:",
"text": "As the so-called experts of life continue to defoil the natural, living world, they also defoil the minds and tongues of its human inhabitants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defile or despoil."
],
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
],
[
"despoil",
"despoil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "defoil"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French defouler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defoileth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defoilende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoilynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defoiled",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "defoil",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "defoil"
},
"expansion": "defoil (third-person singular simple present defoileth, present participle defoilende, defoilynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle defoiled)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte D'Arthur:",
"text": "The meanwhile came in Sir Ector with an eager countenance, and found Ulfius and Brastias on foot, in great peril of death, that were foul defoiled under horse-feet.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defile."
],
"links": [
[
"defile",
"defile"
]
]
}
],
"word": "defoil"
}
Download raw JSONL data for defoil meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.