See d-kʷəj-n on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "犬",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese: 犬",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dog"
},
"expansion": "“dog”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 犬 /*kʰʷeːnʔ/ (ZS), /*kʷʰˤenʔ/ (B-S) (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "in the oracle bone script"
},
"expansion": "(in the oracle bone script)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandarin:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dog"
},
"expansion": "“dog”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "Beijing: 犬 (quǎn) /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/ (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cantonese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 犬 (hyun²) /hyːn³⁵/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu"
},
"expansion": "Wu:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wu:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu-sha",
"2": "犬"
},
"expansion": "Shanghainese: 犬 (⁵chioe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shanghainese: 犬 (⁵chioe) /t͡ɕʰye̞⁴¹/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Coastal Min:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nan"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Min Nan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hokkien:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [],
"text": "Taiwan: 犬 /kʰi̯en⁵¹/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-kha-pro",
"2": "*kaːh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kham: *kaːh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kham: *kaːh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kgj",
"2": "काः"
},
"expansion": "Gamale Kham: काः",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gamale Kham: काः"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kip",
"2": "का",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sheshi Kham: का, काः",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sheshi Kham: का, काः"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ཁྭི"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ཁྭི (khwi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ཁྭི (khwi)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཁྱི",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dus",
"2": "खीबु",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kʰibu"
},
"expansion": "Dumi: खीबु (kʰibu, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dumi: खीबु (kʰibu, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lbr",
"2": "हुॽवा",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "huʔwa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Lorung: हुॽवा (huʔwa, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Lorung: हुॽवा (huʔwa, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybh",
"2": "कुचुमा",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Yakkha: कुचुमा (“dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakkha: कुचुमा (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "हुःॽवा",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu: हुःॽवा (hu:'wā, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yamphu: हुःॽवा (hu:'wā, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aph",
"2": "कोछुबा",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kotsʰuba"
},
"expansion": "Athpare: कोछुबा (kotsʰuba, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Athpare: कोछुबा (kotsʰuba, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chepangic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cdm",
"2": "कुयः",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kuyʔ"
},
"expansion": "Chepang: कुयः (kuyʔ, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chepang: कुयः (kuyʔ, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrd",
"2": "चीउ",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "t͡ʃʲu"
},
"expansion": "Western Magar: चीउ (t͡ʃʲu, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Magar: चीउ (t͡ʃʲu, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗘂",
"3": "𗃝"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗘂 (*khjwɨ¹), 𗃝 (*bju¹)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗘂 (*khjwɨ¹), 𗃝 (*bju¹)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "kʰəna",
"3": "kʰə"
},
"expansion": "Situ: kʰəna, kʰə",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a loan from Tibetan"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a loan from Tibetan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Situ: kʰəna, kʰə (possibly a loan from Tibetan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ခွေး",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꈌ (ke, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*thwiᴮ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *thwiᴮ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *thwiᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ထွံၣ်"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ထွံၣ် (hṭweè)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ထွံၣ် (hṭweè)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blk",
"2": "ထွီႏ"
},
"expansion": "Pa'o Karen: ထွီႏ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pa'o Karen: ထွီႏ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwo",
"2": "ထွံၪ"
},
"expansion": "Western Pwo: ထွံၪ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Pwo: ထွံၪ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤓꤝꤤ꤬"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤝꤤ꤬ (htwì)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤝꤤ꤬ (htwì)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "*qluwˣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "*(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*enu",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "가히",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 가히 (kahi, “dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱwṓ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English hound",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "canis"
},
"expansion": "Latin canis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्वन्",
"tr": "śván"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-kʷəy-n (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *kwiy=*kwəy ⪤ **d-k-wiy (LaPolla, 1987); *kwiy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *kwəy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987)\nA widely attested root in Sino-Tibetan languages.\nThe nasal suffix -n is reconstructed solely on the basis of the Chinese comparandum \"犬 (quǎn)\", where it is said to function as a \"collective plural\" suffix. This word has almost been completely replaced by 狗 (gǒu) (gǒu, from Old Chinese *Cə.kˁroʔ, \"dog\") in modern varieties, which Schuessler (2007) considers to be a substrate loanword of Hmong-Mien origin (Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”)), which is in turn perhaps an Austronesian loan, cf. Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Benedict, 1996). Compare Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”) (distantly possible as *eŋku (signature shift), from **e-ŋku[kuɣ] (typical reduction on the right)), and Middle Korean 가히 (kahi, “dog”) (Modern 개 (gae)).\nCompare Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”), stem *ḱwón- (whence English hound, Latin canis, Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*d-kʷəj-n"
},
"expansion": "*d-kʷəj-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-kʷəj-n",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"id": "en-d-kʷəj-n-sit-pro-noun-zWNX792W",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "wild dog",
"word": "s-pjaŋ"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf, jackal, dhole",
"word": "s-k-jwal"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf",
"word": "m-par Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf",
"word": "d-kʷəj-n pra"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eastern Han Dynasty",
"Sichuan"
]
}
],
"word": "d-kʷəj-n"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "犬",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese: 犬",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dog"
},
"expansion": "“dog”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 犬 /*kʰʷeːnʔ/ (ZS), /*kʷʰˤenʔ/ (B-S) (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "in the oracle bone script"
},
"expansion": "(in the oracle bone script)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandarin:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dog"
},
"expansion": "“dog”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"text": "Beijing: 犬 (quǎn) /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/ (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cantonese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 犬 (hyun²) /hyːn³⁵/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu"
},
"expansion": "Wu:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wu:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuu-sha",
"2": "犬"
},
"expansion": "Shanghainese: 犬 (⁵chioe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shanghainese: 犬 (⁵chioe) /t͡ɕʰye̞⁴¹/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Coastal Min:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nan"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Min Nan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hokkien:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [],
"text": "Taiwan: 犬 /kʰi̯en⁵¹/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-kha-pro",
"2": "*kaːh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kham: *kaːh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kham: *kaːh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kgj",
"2": "काः"
},
"expansion": "Gamale Kham: काः",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gamale Kham: काः"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kip",
"2": "का",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sheshi Kham: का, काः",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sheshi Kham: का, काः"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ཁྭི"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ཁྭི (khwi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ཁྭི (khwi)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibetan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཁྱི",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Tibetan: ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dus",
"2": "खीबु",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kʰibu"
},
"expansion": "Dumi: खीबु (kʰibu, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dumi: खीबु (kʰibu, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lbr",
"2": "हुॽवा",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "huʔwa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Lorung: हुॽवा (huʔwa, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Lorung: हुॽवा (huʔwa, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybh",
"2": "कुचुमा",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Yakkha: कुचुमा (“dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakkha: कुचुमा (“dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "हुःॽवा",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu: हुःॽवा (hu:'wā, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yamphu: हुःॽवा (hu:'wā, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aph",
"2": "कोछुबा",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kotsʰuba"
},
"expansion": "Athpare: कोछुबा (kotsʰuba, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Athpare: कोछुबा (kotsʰuba, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chepangic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cdm",
"2": "कुयः",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "kuyʔ"
},
"expansion": "Chepang: कुयः (kuyʔ, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chepang: कुयः (kuyʔ, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Magaric"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrd",
"2": "चीउ",
"t": "dog",
"tr": "t͡ʃʲu"
},
"expansion": "Western Magar: चीउ (t͡ʃʲu, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Magar: चीउ (t͡ʃʲu, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗘂",
"3": "𗃝"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗘂 (*khjwɨ¹), 𗃝 (*bju¹)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗘂 (*khjwɨ¹), 𗃝 (*bju¹)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "kʰəna",
"3": "kʰə"
},
"expansion": "Situ: kʰəna, kʰə",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly a loan from Tibetan"
},
"expansion": "(possibly a loan from Tibetan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Situ: kʰəna, kʰə (possibly a loan from Tibetan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ခွေး",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꈌ (ke, “dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kar-pro",
"2": "*thwiᴮ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Karen: *thwiᴮ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Karen: *thwiᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksw",
"2": "ထွံၣ်"
},
"expansion": "S'gaw Karen: ထွံၣ် (hṭweè)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "S'gaw Karen: ထွံၣ် (hṭweè)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blk",
"2": "ထွီႏ"
},
"expansion": "Pa'o Karen: ထွီႏ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pa'o Karen: ထွီႏ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwo",
"2": "ထွံၪ"
},
"expansion": "Western Pwo: ထွံၪ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Pwo: ထွံၪ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyu",
"2": "ꤓꤝꤤ꤬"
},
"expansion": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤝꤤ꤬ (htwì)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Kayah: ꤓꤝꤤ꤬ (htwì)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "*qluwˣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "*(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*enu",
"t": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "가히",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 가히 (kahi, “dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱwṓ",
"3": "",
"4": "dog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English hound",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "canis"
},
"expansion": "Latin canis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्वन्",
"tr": "śván"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-kʷəy-n (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *kwiy=*kwəy ⪤ **d-k-wiy (LaPolla, 1987); *kwiy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *kwəy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987)\nA widely attested root in Sino-Tibetan languages.\nThe nasal suffix -n is reconstructed solely on the basis of the Chinese comparandum \"犬 (quǎn)\", where it is said to function as a \"collective plural\" suffix. This word has almost been completely replaced by 狗 (gǒu) (gǒu, from Old Chinese *Cə.kˁroʔ, \"dog\") in modern varieties, which Schuessler (2007) considers to be a substrate loanword of Hmong-Mien origin (Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”)), which is in turn perhaps an Austronesian loan, cf. Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Benedict, 1996). Compare Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”) (distantly possible as *eŋku (signature shift), from **e-ŋku[kuɣ] (typical reduction on the right)), and Middle Korean 가히 (kahi, “dog”) (Modern 개 (gae)).\nCompare Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”), stem *ḱwón- (whence English hound, Latin canis, Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*d-kʷəj-n"
},
"expansion": "*d-kʷəj-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-kʷəj-n",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "wild dog",
"word": "s-pjaŋ"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf, jackal, dhole",
"word": "s-k-jwal"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf",
"word": "m-par Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
},
{
"english": "wild dog, wolf",
"word": "d-kʷəj-n pra"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan terms with redundant head parameter",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"sit-pro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eastern Han Dynasty",
"Sichuan"
]
}
],
"word": "d-kʷəj-n"
}
Download raw JSONL data for d-kʷəj-n meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.