See bespredel on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bespredel meaning in All languages combined (4.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "беспреде́л",
"4": "",
"5": "lawlessness; arbitrary rule",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "беспреде́л",
"4": "",
"5": "lawlessness; arbitrary rule"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бес-",
"3": "преде́л",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "without",
"t2": "limit"
},
"expansion": "бес- (bes-, “without”) + преде́л (predél, “limit”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”), from бес- (bes-, “without”) + преде́л (predél, “limit”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bespredel (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Political science",
"orig": "en:Political science",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Social sciences",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "en:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Svetlana Stephenson, “6. THE GANG IN THE COMMUNITY”, in Gangs of Russia. From the Streets to the Corridors of Power, Cornell University Press, →DOI, pages 152–153, 154–155",
"text": "In the Russian Far East, for example, vory took it on themselves to punish not only criminals unaffiliated with their organizations but also those members of their own society who committed acts of bespredel, extreme violence that was forbidden under the code—for example, brutally attacking or killing a woman or a child. […] Crime committed by outsiders is seen as bespredel because the territory “belongs” to the gang. As always with the gang, moral reasoning goes hand in hand with pragmatic considerations. The members admitted that the gang fights bespredel largely because it does not want additional police attention in its territory.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Regine A. Spector, “6. Becoming Trading Elders and Local Authorities”, in Order at the Bazaar. Power and Trade in Central Asia, Cornell University Press, →DOI, page 150",
"text": "When asked of his understanding of bespredel at the bazaar, or mafia-related lawlessness, Adyl, a similarly aged trader originally from Osh confirmed what most other traders stated: there is not that kind of bespredel at the bazaar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fundamental breakdown in the established norms of a society, due to its citizens no longer having a collective understanding of the customs, values or institutions of that society; particularly in a Russian or post-Soviet context."
],
"id": "en-bespredel-en-noun-FvEYwa7g",
"links": [
[
"political science",
"political science"
],
[
"breakdown",
"breakdown"
],
[
"norms",
"norms"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"post-Soviet",
"post-Soviet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(political science) A fundamental breakdown in the established norms of a society, due to its citizens no longer having a collective understanding of the customs, values or institutions of that society; particularly in a Russian or post-Soviet context."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"political-science",
"social-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bespredel"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "беспреде́л",
"4": "",
"5": "lawlessness; arbitrary rule",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "беспреде́л",
"4": "",
"5": "lawlessness; arbitrary rule"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бес-",
"3": "преде́л",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "without",
"t2": "limit"
},
"expansion": "бес- (bes-, “without”) + преде́л (predél, “limit”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”), from бес- (bes-, “without”) + преде́л (predél, “limit”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bespredel (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Political science",
"en:Russia"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Svetlana Stephenson, “6. THE GANG IN THE COMMUNITY”, in Gangs of Russia. From the Streets to the Corridors of Power, Cornell University Press, →DOI, pages 152–153, 154–155",
"text": "In the Russian Far East, for example, vory took it on themselves to punish not only criminals unaffiliated with their organizations but also those members of their own society who committed acts of bespredel, extreme violence that was forbidden under the code—for example, brutally attacking or killing a woman or a child. […] Crime committed by outsiders is seen as bespredel because the territory “belongs” to the gang. As always with the gang, moral reasoning goes hand in hand with pragmatic considerations. The members admitted that the gang fights bespredel largely because it does not want additional police attention in its territory.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Regine A. Spector, “6. Becoming Trading Elders and Local Authorities”, in Order at the Bazaar. Power and Trade in Central Asia, Cornell University Press, →DOI, page 150",
"text": "When asked of his understanding of bespredel at the bazaar, or mafia-related lawlessness, Adyl, a similarly aged trader originally from Osh confirmed what most other traders stated: there is not that kind of bespredel at the bazaar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fundamental breakdown in the established norms of a society, due to its citizens no longer having a collective understanding of the customs, values or institutions of that society; particularly in a Russian or post-Soviet context."
],
"links": [
[
"political science",
"political science"
],
[
"breakdown",
"breakdown"
],
[
"norms",
"norms"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"post-Soviet",
"post-Soviet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(political science) A fundamental breakdown in the established norms of a society, due to its citizens no longer having a collective understanding of the customs, values or institutions of that society; particularly in a Russian or post-Soviet context."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"political-science",
"social-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bespredel"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.