See bʰel- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰleh₁-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel(h₁)-nos (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellǭ",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“bell”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-eh₂ reflex"
},
"expansion": "(*-eh₂ reflex)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“bell”) (*-eh₂ reflex) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to roar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bellaną (“to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bellaną (“to roar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰol-so-s (s-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*balsas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *balsas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *balsas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bolss",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bolss (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bolss (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "balss",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: balss (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: balss (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balsas",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: balsas (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: balsas (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥- (zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*biltei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *biltei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *biltei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bilti",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bilti (“to speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bilti (“to speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "byla",
"der": "1",
"t": "speech; case, file"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: byla (“speech; case, file”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: byla (“speech; case, file”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "billīt, billītwei",
"t": "to say, speak"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьltati",
"t": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bьltati (“to babble”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extended with -t-"
},
"expansion": "(extended with -t-)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bьltati (“to babble”) (extended with -t-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥d- (zero-grade, extended with -d-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bilstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bilstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bilstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bilsti",
"t": "to knock, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bilsti (“to knock, rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bilsti (“to knock, rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bilst",
"t": "to utter"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bilst (“to utter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bilst (“to utter”) (bildu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bildēt",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bildēt (“to speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bildēt (“to speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bildėti",
"t": "to knock, make noise"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bildėti (“to knock, make noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bildėti (“to knock, make noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bulderen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Low German: bulderen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Low German: bulderen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*päl-",
"t": "to praise, commend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *päl- (“to praise, commend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Tocharian: *päl- (“to praise, commend”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "päl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: päl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: päl-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "päl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: päl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: päl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sound; to speak, roar, bark"
],
"id": "en-bʰel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:sound",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰólH-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baltā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baltā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baltā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "baltë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: baltë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: baltë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-eh₁-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*folgēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *folgēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *folgēō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fulgeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fulgeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fulgeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰél-g-os- ~ *bʰél-g-es-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárgas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárgas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर्गस्",
"tr": "bhárgas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर्गस् (bhárgas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर्गस् (bhárgas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flagros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flagros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flagros"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrō",
"der": "1",
"t": "to burn, blaze"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: flagrō (“to burn, blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: flagrō (“to burn, blaze”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-mh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flagmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flagmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flagmā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flamma",
"t": "flame"
},
"expansion": "Latin: flamma (“flame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: flamma (“flame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰle-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlé-g-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰlegō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέγω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέγω (phlégō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέγω (phlégō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlé-g-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰlegmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegmə"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέγμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέγμα (phlégma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέγμα (phlégma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰleyǵ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-h₁-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥h₁wós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*blāukā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *blāukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *blāukā"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "blokër",
"t": "rubbish, trash"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: blokër (“rubbish, trash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: blokër (“rubbish, trash”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰolH-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bõls",
"t": "pale, dull"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bõls (“pale, dull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bõls (“pale, dull”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bāls",
"t": "pale"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bāls (“pale”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bāls (“pale”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bãlas",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bãlas (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bãlas (“white”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥H-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰalós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰalós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰalós"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φᾰλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φᾰλός (phalós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φᾰλός (phalós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰḗlH-o- / *bʰl̥-ós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bělъ",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bělъ (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bělъ (“white”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bēlą",
"t": "(bon)fire, pyre"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bēlą (“(bon)fire, pyre”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bēlą (“(bon)fire, pyre”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bal",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bal, balo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bal, balo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "blõvs",
"t": "dim"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: blõvs (“dim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: blõvs (“dim”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "blāvs",
"t": "dim"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: blāvs (“dim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: blāvs (“dim”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "blãvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: blãvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: blãvas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भाल",
"t": "splendour"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भाल (bhāla, “splendour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भाल (bhāla, “splendour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բալ",
"t": "fog"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բալ (bal, “fog”)\nArmenian: բալ (bal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բալ (bal, “fog”)\nArmenian: բալ (bal)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shiny, white"
],
"id": "en-bʰel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:shiny",
"links": [
[
"shiny",
"shiny"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:shiny"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-ǵʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-eh₁-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰléwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰléwō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰléwō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέω (phléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέω (phléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlewH-",
"alt": "*bʰl-ew-H-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl-ew-H-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl-ew-H-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: flō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: flō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from the n-stem below"
},
"expansion": "(or from the n-stem below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Armenian: (or from the n-stem below)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեղմն",
"t": "semen"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեղմն (bełmn, “semen”)\nArmenian: բեղմ (bełm)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեղմն (bełmn, “semen”)\nArmenian: բեղմ (bełm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեղուն",
"t": "fruit, product; semen"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեղուն (bełun, “fruit, product; semen”), բեղն (bełn)\n→ Armenian: բեղուն (bełun) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեղուն (bełun, “fruit, product; semen”), բեղն (bełn)\n→ Armenian: բեղուն (bełun) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Pokorny considered a heteroclitic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés</i>"
},
"expansion": "(Pokorny considered a heteroclitic *bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰél-ō ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round object”, n-stem noun) (Pokorny considered a heteroclitic *bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bullô",
"3": "*bullǭ",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f",
"t2": "ball, bowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bullô m, *bullǭ f (“ball, bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bullô m, *bullǭ f (“ball, bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellǭ",
"t": "~ knoll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“~ knoll”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“~ knoll”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bjalla",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bjalla (“hill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bjalla (“hill”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fotbjälle",
"3": "fotabjälle",
"alt1": "fot-bjälle",
"alt2": "fota-bjälle",
"der": "1",
"t2": "ankle, heel"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: fot-bjälle, fota-bjälle (“ankle, heel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: fot-bjälle, fota-bjälle (“ankle, heel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰə́llōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́llōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem"
},
"expansion": "(with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́llōn (with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"alt": "*φάλλων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *φάλλων (*phállōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *φάλλων (*phállōn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάλλαινα",
"der": "1",
"t": "whale",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰól-ō",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "o-grade"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰól-ō (o-grade)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰól-ō (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ballô",
"3": "*balluz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ballô, *balluz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ballô, *balluz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ballō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ballō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ballō"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ballo",
"3": "bal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ballo, bal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ballo, bal"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "balle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: balle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: balle"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ball",
"3": "Ballen"
},
"expansion": "German: Ball, Ballen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Ball, Ballen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "round body part, penis, testicle?"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round body part, penis, testicle?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round body part, penis, testicle?”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bulô",
"3": "*bullô",
"t2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bulô, *bullô (“bull”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bulô, *bullô (“bull”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰl̥n-ós",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl̥n-ós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl̥n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ballos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ballos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ballos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰəllós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰəllós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰəllós"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαλλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φαλλός (phallós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φαλλός (phallós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*bʰ(o)ln-is",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰ(o)ln-is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰ(o)ln-is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*folnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *folnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *folnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "follis",
"t": "bag; bellows; ball"
},
"expansion": "Latin: follis (“bag; bellows; ball”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "and/or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰelǵʰ-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(and/or from *bʰelǵʰ-?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: follis (“bag; bellows; ball”) (and/or from *bʰelǵʰ-?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰol-tos (t-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*balþaz",
"t": "bold",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *balþaz (“bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *balþaz (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαλλίον",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: βαλλίον (ballíon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ"
},
"expansion": "(from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: βαλλίον (ballíon) (from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάλης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φάλης (phálēs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φάλης (phálēs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bille",
"t": "penis"
},
"expansion": "German: Bille (“penis”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Bille (“penis”) (dialectal)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 2 90 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 94 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 79 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 92 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 84 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 84 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to blow, to swell up"
],
"id": "en-bʰel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:blow",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"swell up",
"swell up"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:blow"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-(e)no- (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bel(e)nъ",
"t": "day-dream, henbane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bel(e)nъ (“day-dream, henbane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bel(e)nъ (“day-dream, henbane”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "",
"alt": "bilsa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bilsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bilsa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"alt": "bilse"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bilse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bilse"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bilsenkraut"
},
"expansion": "German: Bilsenkraut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Bilsenkraut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*feliks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feliks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feliks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "filix",
"t": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Latin: filix (“fern”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: filix (“fern”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"henbane"
],
"id": "en-bʰel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:henbane",
"links": [
[
"henbane",
"henbane"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:henbane"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰleh₁-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel(h₁)-nos (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellǭ",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“bell”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-eh₂ reflex"
},
"expansion": "(*-eh₂ reflex)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“bell”) (*-eh₂ reflex) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to roar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bellaną (“to roar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bellaną (“to roar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰol-so-s (s-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*balsas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *balsas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *balsas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bolss",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bolss (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bolss (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "balss",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: balss (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: balss (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balsas",
"t": "voice"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: balsas (“voice”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: balsas (“voice”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥- (zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*biltei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *biltei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *biltei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bilti",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bilti (“to speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bilti (“to speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "byla",
"der": "1",
"t": "speech; case, file"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: byla (“speech; case, file”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: byla (“speech; case, file”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "billīt, billītwei",
"t": "to say, speak"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьltati",
"t": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bьltati (“to babble”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "extended with -t-"
},
"expansion": "(extended with -t-)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bьltati (“to babble”) (extended with -t-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥d- (zero-grade, extended with -d-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bilstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bilstei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bilstei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bilsti",
"t": "to knock, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bilsti (“to knock, rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bilsti (“to knock, rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bilst",
"t": "to utter"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bilst (“to utter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bilst (“to utter”) (bildu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bildēt",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bildēt (“to speak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bildēt (“to speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bildėti",
"t": "to knock, make noise"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bildėti (“to knock, make noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bildėti (“to knock, make noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bulderen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Low German: bulderen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Low German: bulderen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*päl-",
"t": "to praise, commend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *päl- (“to praise, commend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Tocharian: *päl- (“to praise, commend”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "päl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: päl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: päl-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "päl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: päl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: päl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sound; to speak, roar, bark"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰólH-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baltā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baltā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baltā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "baltë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: baltë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: baltë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-eh₁-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*folgēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *folgēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *folgēō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fulgeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fulgeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fulgeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰél-g-os- ~ *bʰél-g-es-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárgas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárgas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर्गस्",
"tr": "bhárgas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर्गस् (bhárgas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर्गस् (bhárgas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flagros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flagros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flagros"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flagrō",
"der": "1",
"t": "to burn, blaze"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: flagrō (“to burn, blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: flagrō (“to burn, blaze”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥-g-mh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flagmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flagmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flagmā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flamma",
"t": "flame"
},
"expansion": "Latin: flamma (“flame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: flamma (“flame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰle-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlé-g-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰlegō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέγω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέγω (phlégō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέγω (phlégō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlé-g-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰlegmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegmə"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέγμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέγμα (phlégma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέγμα (phlégma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰleyǵ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-h₁-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥h₁wós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*blāukā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *blāukā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *blāukā"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "blokër",
"t": "rubbish, trash"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: blokër (“rubbish, trash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: blokër (“rubbish, trash”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰolH-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bõls",
"t": "pale, dull"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bõls (“pale, dull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bõls (“pale, dull”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bāls",
"t": "pale"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bāls (“pale”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bāls (“pale”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bãlas",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bãlas (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bãlas (“white”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥H-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰalós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰalós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰalós"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φᾰλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φᾰλός (phalós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φᾰλός (phalós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰḗlH-o- / *bʰl̥-ós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bělъ",
"t": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bělъ (“white”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bělъ (“white”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bēlą",
"t": "(bon)fire, pyre"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bēlą (“(bon)fire, pyre”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bēlą (“(bon)fire, pyre”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bal",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bal, balo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bal, balo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "blõvs",
"t": "dim"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: blõvs (“dim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: blõvs (“dim”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "blāvs",
"t": "dim"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: blāvs (“dim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: blāvs (“dim”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "blãvas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: blãvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: blãvas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भाल",
"t": "splendour"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भाल (bhāla, “splendour”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भाल (bhāla, “splendour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բալ",
"t": "fog"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բալ (bal, “fog”)\nArmenian: բալ (bal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բալ (bal, “fog”)\nArmenian: բալ (bal)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shiny, white"
],
"links": [
[
"shiny",
"shiny"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:shiny"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-ǵʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-eh₁-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰléwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰléwō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰléwō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φλέω (phléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φλέω (phléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰlewH-",
"alt": "*bʰl-ew-H-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl-ew-H-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl-ew-H-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *flāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *flāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: flō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: flō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from the n-stem below"
},
"expansion": "(or from the n-stem below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Armenian: (or from the n-stem below)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեղմն",
"t": "semen"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեղմն (bełmn, “semen”)\nArmenian: բեղմ (bełm)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեղմն (bełmn, “semen”)\nArmenian: բեղմ (bełm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեղուն",
"t": "fruit, product; semen"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեղուն (bełun, “fruit, product; semen”), բեղն (bełn)\n→ Armenian: բեղուն (bełun) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեղուն (bełun, “fruit, product; semen”), բեղն (bełn)\n→ Armenian: բեղուն (bełun) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Pokorny considered a heteroclitic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés</i>"
},
"expansion": "(Pokorny considered a heteroclitic *bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰél-ō ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round object”, n-stem noun) (Pokorny considered a heteroclitic *bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bullô",
"3": "*bullǭ",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f",
"t2": "ball, bowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bullô m, *bullǭ f (“ball, bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bullô m, *bullǭ f (“ball, bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bellǭ",
"t": "~ knoll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“~ knoll”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“~ knoll”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bjalla",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bjalla (“hill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bjalla (“hill”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fotbjälle",
"3": "fotabjälle",
"alt1": "fot-bjälle",
"alt2": "fota-bjälle",
"der": "1",
"t2": "ankle, heel"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: fot-bjälle, fota-bjälle (“ankle, heel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: fot-bjälle, fota-bjälle (“ankle, heel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰə́llōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́llōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem"
},
"expansion": "(with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́llōn (with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"alt": "*φάλλων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *φάλλων (*phállōn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *φάλλων (*phállōn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάλλαινα",
"der": "1",
"t": "whale",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰól-ō",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "o-grade"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰól-ō (o-grade)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰól-ō (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ballô",
"3": "*balluz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ballô, *balluz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ballô, *balluz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ballō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ballō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ballō"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ballo",
"3": "bal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ballo, bal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ballo, bal"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "balle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: balle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: balle"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ball",
"3": "Ballen"
},
"expansion": "German: Ball, Ballen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Ball, Ballen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "round body part, penis, testicle?"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round body part, penis, testicle?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round body part, penis, testicle?”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bulô",
"3": "*bullô",
"t2": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bulô, *bullô (“bull”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bulô, *bullô (“bull”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰl̥n-ós",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰl̥n-ós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰl̥n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ballos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ballos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ballos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰəllós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰəllós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰəllós"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαλλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φαλλός (phallós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φαλλός (phallós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*bʰ(o)ln-is",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰ(o)ln-is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰ(o)ln-is"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*folnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *folnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *folnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "follis",
"t": "bag; bellows; ball"
},
"expansion": "Latin: follis (“bag; bellows; ball”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "and/or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰelǵʰ-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(and/or from *bʰelǵʰ-?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: follis (“bag; bellows; ball”) (and/or from *bʰelǵʰ-?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰol-tos (t-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*balþaz",
"t": "bold",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *balþaz (“bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *balþaz (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαλλίον",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: βαλλίον (ballíon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ"
},
"expansion": "(from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: βαλλίον (ballíon) (from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάλης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φάλης (phálēs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φάλης (phálēs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bille",
"t": "penis"
},
"expansion": "German: Bille (“penis”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "German: Bille (“penis”) (dialectal)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to blow, to swell up"
],
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"swell up",
"swell up"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:blow"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰel-(e)no- (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bel(e)nъ",
"t": "day-dream, henbane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bel(e)nъ (“day-dream, henbane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bel(e)nъ (“day-dream, henbane”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "",
"alt": "bilsa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bilsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bilsa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"alt": "bilse"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bilse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bilse"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bilsenkraut"
},
"expansion": "German: Bilsenkraut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Bilsenkraut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*feliks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feliks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feliks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "filix",
"t": "fern"
},
"expansion": "Latin: filix (“fern”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: filix (“fern”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"henbane"
],
"links": [
[
"henbane",
"henbane"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:henbane"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "bʰel-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰel- meaning in All languages combined (25.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.