"ashlar" meaning in All languages combined

See ashlar on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈæʃlə/ [UK], /ˈæʃlɚ/ [General-American] Forms: ashlars [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English assheler, acheler, etc., from forms of Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”), from Medieval Latin ascelāris and assellāris (equivalent to a diminutive of early forms of ais (“plank”)), variant of *axillāris (attested only after the Renaissance), from Latin axilla (“little plank”) + -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”), from axis (“axle, plank”) + -illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|assheler}} Middle English assheler, {{m|enm|acheler}} acheler, {{der|en|fro|esselier||wooden support, traverse beam}} Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”), {{der|en|ML.|ascelāris}} Medieval Latin ascelāris, {{m|la|assellāris}} assellāris, {{m|fr|ais||plank}} ais (“plank”), {{m|ML.|axillāris}} axillāris, {{der|en|la|axilla||little plank}} Latin axilla (“little plank”), {{m|la|-āris||-ary: forming adjectives}} -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”), {{m|la|axis||axle, plank}} axis (“axle, plank”), {{m|la|-illa||-ella: forming diminutives}} -illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} ashlar (countable and uncountable, plural ashlars)
  1. (architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Architecture Translations (well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring): carreuada [feminine] (Catalan), blok natuursteen (Dutch), parement (Dutch), harkkokivimuuraus (Finnish), pierre de taille [feminine] (French), Quaderstein (German), Werkstein (German), eisléireacht [feminine] (Irish), pietra da taglio (Italian), pietra squadrata (Italian), concio [masculine] (Italian), pèira de talha [feminine] (Occitan), licówka kamienna nieregularna (Polish), mur ciosowy (Polish), белый камень (belyj kamenʹ) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-ashlar-en-noun-ny~lj3~6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 51 25 25 Topics: architecture Disambiguation of 'well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring': 53 34 13
  2. (architecture) Stone hewn and finished to create such masonry, either completely or as a facade over an earthen or rubble core. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Architecture
    Sense id: en-ashlar-en-noun-9RJzclHj Topics: architecture
  3. (military, historical) A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device. Tags: countable, historical, uncountable Categories (topical): Military Translations (well-finished stone intended for such work): дя́лан ка́мък (djálan kámǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), carreu [masculine] (Catalan), 方石 (Chinese Mandarin), kvadersten [common-gender] (Danish), harkkokivi (Finnish), perpiaño [masculine] (Galician), eisléir [feminine] (Irish), cantaria [feminine] (Portuguese), sillar (Spanish), kvadersten [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-ashlar-en-noun-KyAe70RJ Topics: government, military, politics, war Disambiguation of 'well-finished stone intended for such work': 12 35 53
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ashler Derived forms: ashlaring, bastard ashlar

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ashlar meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ashlaring"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bastard ashlar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "assheler"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English assheler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "acheler"
      },
      "expansion": "acheler",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "esselier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wooden support, traverse beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "ascelāris"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin ascelāris",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "assellāris"
      },
      "expansion": "assellāris",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ais",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plank"
      },
      "expansion": "ais (“plank”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "axillāris"
      },
      "expansion": "axillāris",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "axilla",
        "4": "",
        "5": "little plank"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin axilla (“little plank”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-āris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ary: forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "axis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "axle, plank"
      },
      "expansion": "axis (“axle, plank”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-illa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ella: forming diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English assheler, acheler, etc., from forms of Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”), from Medieval Latin ascelāris and assellāris (equivalent to a diminutive of early forms of ais (“plank”)), variant of *axillāris (attested only after the Renaissance), from Latin axilla (“little plank”) + -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”), from axis (“axle, plank”) + -illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ashlars",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "ashlar (countable and uncountable, plural ashlars)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "en:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1949 November and December, “Notes and News: The High Level Bridge, Newcastle”, in Railway Magazine, page 407",
          "text": "The four main spans across the waterway are carried on ashlar piers founded on Memel timber piles.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, Don't Point That Thing at Me, Penguin, published 2001, page 108",
          "text": "Even as I babbled, Jock's massy frame filled the doorway, his ill-hewn ashlar head weaving from side to side, eyes blinking at the light.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Seth G. Bernard, “Continuing the Deabte on Rome's Earliest Circuit Walls”, in Papers of the British School at Rome, number 80, page 2",
          "text": "By the Augustan period, however, the old ashlar circuit with its earthen agger was beginning to be dismantled in some places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 March 6, Dr Joseph Brennan, “England's booking offices of distinction”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 59",
          "text": "The building, in a plain Tudor Gothic style, has a central door in chamfered ashlar surround.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring."
      ],
      "id": "en-ashlar-en-noun-ny~lj3~6",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "Masonry",
          "masonry"
        ],
        [
          "employ",
          "employ"
        ],
        [
          "flat",
          "flat"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "squared",
          "squared"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "creating",
          "creating"
        ],
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
        [
          "flooring",
          "flooring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "carreuada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "blok natuursteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "parement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "harkkokivimuuraus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pierre de taille"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "Quaderstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "Werkstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "eisléireacht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "pietra da taglio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "pietra squadrata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "concio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pèira de talha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "licówka kamienna nieregularna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "word": "mur ciosowy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 34 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "belyj kamenʹ",
          "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "белый камень"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "en:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1970, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Witch`s Brat, Red Fox, published 1990, page 83",
          "text": "And from the choir itself, where the big hoist was working, came the shouts of the men sweating at the great wheel that swung the cut stones skyward, and the men high overhead on the hurdle-walks, waiting to receive the swinging ashlars and guide them into place.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Stone hewn and finished to create such masonry, either completely or as a facade over an earthen or rubble core."
      ],
      "id": "en-ashlar-en-noun-9RJzclHj",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "Stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "hewn",
          "hewn"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ],
        [
          "create",
          "create"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "masonry",
          "masonry"
        ],
        [
          "completely",
          "completely"
        ],
        [
          "facade",
          "facade"
        ],
        [
          "earthen",
          "earthen"
        ],
        [
          "rubble",
          "rubble"
        ],
        [
          "core",
          "core"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Stone hewn and finished to create such masonry, either completely or as a facade over an earthen or rubble core."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "en:Military",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device."
      ],
      "id": "en-ashlar-en-noun-KyAe70RJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "intend",
          "intend"
        ],
        [
          "hurling",
          "hurling"
        ],
        [
          "catapult",
          "catapult"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military, historical) A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "djálan kámǎk",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "дя́лан ка́мък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carreu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "word": "方石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kvadersten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "word": "harkkokivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "perpiaño"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "eisléir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cantaria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "word": "sillar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 35 53",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kvadersten"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæʃlə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæʃlɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ashler"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ashlar"
  ],
  "word": "ashlar"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for review of Bulgarian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ashlaring"
    },
    {
      "word": "bastard ashlar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "assheler"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English assheler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "acheler"
      },
      "expansion": "acheler",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "esselier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wooden support, traverse beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "ascelāris"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin ascelāris",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "assellāris"
      },
      "expansion": "assellāris",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ais",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plank"
      },
      "expansion": "ais (“plank”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "axillāris"
      },
      "expansion": "axillāris",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "axilla",
        "4": "",
        "5": "little plank"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin axilla (“little plank”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-āris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ary: forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "axis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "axle, plank"
      },
      "expansion": "axis (“axle, plank”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-illa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ella: forming diminutives"
      },
      "expansion": "-illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English assheler, acheler, etc., from forms of Old French esselier (“wooden support, traverse beam”), from Medieval Latin ascelāris and assellāris (equivalent to a diminutive of early forms of ais (“plank”)), variant of *axillāris (attested only after the Renaissance), from Latin axilla (“little plank”) + -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”), from axis (“axle, plank”) + -illa (“-ella: forming diminutives”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ashlars",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "ashlar (countable and uncountable, plural ashlars)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Architecture"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1949 November and December, “Notes and News: The High Level Bridge, Newcastle”, in Railway Magazine, page 407",
          "text": "The four main spans across the waterway are carried on ashlar piers founded on Memel timber piles.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, Don't Point That Thing at Me, Penguin, published 2001, page 108",
          "text": "Even as I babbled, Jock's massy frame filled the doorway, his ill-hewn ashlar head weaving from side to side, eyes blinking at the light.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Seth G. Bernard, “Continuing the Deabte on Rome's Earliest Circuit Walls”, in Papers of the British School at Rome, number 80, page 2",
          "text": "By the Augustan period, however, the old ashlar circuit with its earthen agger was beginning to be dismantled in some places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 March 6, Dr Joseph Brennan, “England's booking offices of distinction”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 59",
          "text": "The building, in a plain Tudor Gothic style, has a central door in chamfered ashlar surround.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "Masonry",
          "masonry"
        ],
        [
          "employ",
          "employ"
        ],
        [
          "flat",
          "flat"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "squared",
          "squared"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "creating",
          "creating"
        ],
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
        [
          "flooring",
          "flooring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Architecture"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1970, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Witch`s Brat, Red Fox, published 1990, page 83",
          "text": "And from the choir itself, where the big hoist was working, came the shouts of the men sweating at the great wheel that swung the cut stones skyward, and the men high overhead on the hurdle-walks, waiting to receive the swinging ashlars and guide them into place.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Stone hewn and finished to create such masonry, either completely or as a facade over an earthen or rubble core."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "Stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "hewn",
          "hewn"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ],
        [
          "create",
          "create"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "masonry",
          "masonry"
        ],
        [
          "completely",
          "completely"
        ],
        [
          "facade",
          "facade"
        ],
        [
          "earthen",
          "earthen"
        ],
        [
          "rubble",
          "rubble"
        ],
        [
          "core",
          "core"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Stone hewn and finished to create such masonry, either completely or as a facade over an earthen or rubble core."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Military"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "intend",
          "intend"
        ],
        [
          "hurling",
          "hurling"
        ],
        [
          "catapult",
          "catapult"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military, historical) A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæʃlə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæʃlɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ashler"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "carreuada"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "blok natuursteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "parement"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "harkkokivimuuraus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pierre de taille"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "Quaderstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "Werkstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "eisléireacht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "pietra da taglio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "pietra squadrata"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "concio"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pèira de talha"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "licówka kamienna nieregularna"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "word": "mur ciosowy"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "belyj kamenʹ",
      "sense": "well-finished masonry creating an effect similar to well-done wooden flooring",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "белый камень"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "djálan kámǎk",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "дя́лан ка́мък"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carreu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "word": "方石"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kvadersten"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "word": "harkkokivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "perpiaño"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "eisléir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cantaria"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "word": "sillar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "well-finished stone intended for such work",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kvadersten"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ashlar"
  ],
  "word": "ashlar"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.