See a-lɣəm on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-ḷəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tmh",
"2": "-<qq:including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether>"
},
"expansion": "Tuareg: (including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuareg: (including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ttq",
"2": "aləṃ",
"3": "alǎṃ",
"4": "taləṃt",
"5": "taḷǎmt",
"g3": "f",
"g4": "f"
},
"expansion": "Tawellemmet: aləṃ, alǎṃ, taləṃt f, taḷǎmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tawellemmet: aləṃ, alǎṃ, taləṃt f, taḷǎmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thz",
"2": "alǎṃ"
},
"expansion": "Tayert: alǎṃ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tayert: alǎṃ (rare), taḷǎmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thv",
"2": "aḷəm"
},
"expansion": "Tamahaq: aḷəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tamahaq: aḷəm (rare), taḷəmt f, təḷəmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tmh-ght",
"2": "ṭaləmt",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Ghat: ṭaləmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ghat: ṭaləmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taq",
"2": "taḷəmt",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Tamasheq: taḷəmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Adagh Tamasheq: taḷəmt f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "likely borrowed from Tuareg"
},
"expansion": "(likely borrowed from Tuareg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sedentary dialects: (likely borrowed from Tuareg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gha",
"2": "aḷǎm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ghadames: aḷǎm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ghadames: aḷǎm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzb",
"2": "aḷəm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Saharan Berber: aḷəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Mzab, Gourara, Wargla"
},
"expansion": "(Mzab, Gourara, Wargla)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Saharan Berber: aḷəm (Mzab, Gourara, Wargla)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-l(ə)ɣ(ʷ)əm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "auj",
"2": "alóɣom",
"3": "alöɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Awjila: alóɣom, alöɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Awjila: alóɣom, alöɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-fog",
"2": "alɣûm",
"3": "alɣúm"
},
"expansion": "Fogaha: alɣûm, alɣúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fogaha: alɣûm, alɣúm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swn",
"2": "lǎɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Sokna: lǎɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sokna: lǎɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jbn",
"2": "álɣåm",
"3": "alɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Nefusa: álɣåm, alɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nefusa: álɣåm, alɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siz",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Siwi: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Siwi: alɣəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-zuw",
"2": "alɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Zuwara: alɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zuwara: alɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ",
"3": "ⴰⵕⵄⵎ",
"4": "ⴰⵕⴰⵎ"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit: ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm), ⴰⵕⵄⵎ (aṛɛm), ⴰⵕⴰⵎ (aṛam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tashelhit: ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm), ⴰⵕⵄⵎ (aṛɛm), ⴰⵕⴰⵎ (aṛam)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tzm",
"2": "ⴰⵍⵖⵎ",
"3": "ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ"
},
"expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵍⵖⵎ (alɣm), ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵍⵖⵎ (alɣm), ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "alɣwem",
"3": "alɣem"
},
"expansion": "Kabyle: alɣwem, alɣem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kabyle: alɣwem, alɣem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shy",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Tachawit: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tachawit: alɣəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzb",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Saharan Berber: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Figuig"
},
"expansion": "(Figuig)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Saharan Berber: alɣəm (Figuig)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ařɣem",
"3": "alɣem"
},
"expansion": "Tarifit: ařɣem, alɣem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Iznasen"
},
"expansion": "(Iznasen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tarifit: ařɣem, alɣem (Iznasen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zen",
"2": "aǧiʔm",
"3": "ayiʔm"
},
"expansion": "Zenaga: aǧiʔm, ayiʔm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via regular metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(via regular metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Zenaga: aǧiʔm, ayiʔm (via regular metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants that may belong to either of the above forms"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tez",
"2": "aylim"
},
"expansion": "Tetserret: aylim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tetserret: aylim"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-ɣlam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taq",
"2": "aɣlam",
"t": "young adult camel"
},
"expansion": "Tamasheq: aɣlam (“young adult camel”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso"
},
"expansion": "(in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tamasheq: aɣlam (“young adult camel”) (in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings that may be direct from Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "rā̀ƙumī",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: rā̀ƙumī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: rā̀ƙumī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kr",
"2": "kalímo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kanuri: kalímo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from an older form <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"kr\">kalígimo</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from an older form kalígimo)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Kanuri: kalímo (from an older form kalígimo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ngi",
"2": "dlə́gámáu",
"3": "dlə́kə́mau",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ngizim: dlə́gámáu, dlə́kə́mau",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below"
},
"expansion": "(a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ngizim: dlə́gámáu, dlə́kə́mau (a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings that are likely indirectly from Berber, through uncertain intermediates (with multiple levels of borrowing in the case of nativized forms that now refer to the horse)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kai",
"2": "dlúkùmó",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Karekare: dlúkùmó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karekare: dlúkùmó"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bol",
"2": "dlukumo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bole: dlukumo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bole: dlukumo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nbh",
"2": "ndìkmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ngamo: ndìkmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ngamo: ndìkmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kna",
"2": "dlə́ŋŋó",
"3": "dlə́ŋók",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kanakuru: dlə́ŋŋó, dlə́ŋók",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kanakuru: dlə́ŋŋó, dlə́ŋók"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hia",
"2": "dlə̀gwàamà",
"3": "ɬugwama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lamang: dlə̀gwàamà, ɬugwama",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "latter form from the Zələdvə dialect"
},
"expansion": "(latter form from the Zələdvə dialect)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lamang: dlə̀gwàamà, ɬugwama (latter form from the Zələdvə dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udl",
"2": "ázlə̀wèmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uldeme: ázlə̀wèmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uldeme: ázlə̀wèmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqb",
"2": "zlùgwèmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mbuko: zlùgwèmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mbuko: zlùgwèmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfi",
"2": "eldugọmẹ",
"3": "lugwama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Wandala: eldugọmẹ, lugwama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Wandala: eldugọmẹ, lugwama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glw",
"2": "áadləgòma",
"3": "ádləgòma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Glavda: áadləgòma, ádləgòma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Glavda: áadləgòma, ádləgòma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "maf",
"2": "dlúgúmây",
"3": "dlúgúmáy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mafa: dlúgúmây, dlúgúmáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mafa: dlúgúmây, dlúgúmáy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfh",
"2": "dlígùmí",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Matal: dlígùmí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Matal: dlígùmí"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mif",
"2": "ɬágwàmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mofu-Gudur: ɬágwàmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mofu-Gudur: ɬágwàmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dbq",
"2": "dlogomo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Daba: dlogomo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Daba: dlogomo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckl",
"2": "dlugwam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cibak: dlugwam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cibak: dlugwam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hbb",
"2": "dlə́gwàm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Huba: dlə́gwàm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Huba: dlə́gwàm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrt",
"2": "adlugwom",
"3": "ləgwam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Margi: adlugwom, ləgwam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Margi: adlugwom, ləgwam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mug",
"2": "dlìgìnìi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Musgu: dlìgìnìi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Musgu: dlìgìnìi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bdm",
"2": "lògùmé",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Buduma: lògùmé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Buduma: lògùmé"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kot",
"2": "lògòmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lagwan: lògòmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lagwan: lògòmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdf",
"2": "lungwome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Guduf-Gava: lungwome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Guduf-Gava: lungwome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvi",
"2": "lokúma",
"3": "lògə̀mà",
"4": "kùlùkum",
"5": "kúlóogúm",
"bor": "1",
"t3": "horse",
"t4": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Kwang: lokúma, lògə̀mà, kùlùkum (“horse”), kúlóogúm (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kwang: lokúma, lògə̀mà, kùlùkum (“horse”), kúlóogúm (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvf",
"2": "làkmà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Kabalai: làkmà (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kabalai: làkmà (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lln",
"2": "lùŋmà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Lele (Chad): lùŋmà (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lele (Chad): lùŋmà (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ndm",
"2": "lùkmà",
"3": "làam",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Ndam: lùkmà, làam (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ndam: lùkmà, làam (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sok",
"2": "lúgumo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sokoro: lúgumo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sokoro: lúgumo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "daa",
"2": "lòkùmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dangaléat: lòkùmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dangaléat: lòkùmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmy",
"2": "lókùmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Migaama: lókùmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Migaama: lókùmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btf",
"2": "lòkòmó",
"3": "lògòmó",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Birgit: lòkòmó, lògòmó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Birgit: lòkòmó, lògòmó"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nie",
"2": "lwāàgūùm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Niellim: lwāàgūùm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via a Chadic language"
},
"expansion": "(via a Chadic language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Niellim: lwāàgūùm (via a Chadic language)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pbi",
"2": "dúgwąmạ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Podoko: dúgwąmạ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Podoko: dúgwąmạ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gid",
"2": "dǫgǫ́mọ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gidar: dǫgǫ́mọ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gidar: dǫgǫ́mọ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcy",
"2": "lùkápto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bacama: lùkápto",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/"
},
"expansion": "(with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Bacama: lùkápto (with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mcn",
"2": "lámka",
"3": "lákmáná",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Masana: lámka, lákmáná",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly metathesis or suffixation"
},
"expansion": "(possibly metathesis or suffixation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps borrowed via Kanuri"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps borrowed via Kanuri)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Masana: lámka, lákmáná (possibly metathesis or suffixation); kúlum (“horse”), kúlúmná (“horse”) (perhaps borrowed via Kanuri)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Likely borrowing into Mande, the origin of which is uncertain but possibly Zenaga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bm",
"2": "ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bambara: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bambara: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwk",
"2": "ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kita Maninkakan: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kita Maninkakan: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sus",
"2": "ɲɔxɔmɛ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Susu: ɲɔxɔmɛ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Susu: ɲɔxɔmɛ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "snk",
"2": "ɲogome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Soninke: ɲogome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Soninke: ɲogome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "men",
"2": "ɲɔ́má",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mende: ɲɔ́má",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mende: ɲɔ́má"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَمَل"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَمَل (jamal)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "camēlus"
},
"expansion": "Latin camēlus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Widely considered to be a metathesis of an early borrowing ultimately from Semitic language, with the form *gamal; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal). The intermediate is unknown, and Kossmann (2005) raises several formal problems, beyond just metathesis, with the common suggestions of Latin camēlus and Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*a-lɣəm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Berber",
"lang_code": "ber-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Berber/a-lɣəm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Huba terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kabalai terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lele (Chad) terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nefusa terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Niellim terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Saharan Berber terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Berber entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sokna terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uldeme terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"id": "en-a-lɣəm-ber-pro-noun-SBJYXpRJ",
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-lɣəm"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-ḷəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tmh",
"2": "-<qq:including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether>"
},
"expansion": "Tuareg: (including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuareg: (including feminine forms, as the masculine is often rare or lost altogether)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ttq",
"2": "aləṃ",
"3": "alǎṃ",
"4": "taləṃt",
"5": "taḷǎmt",
"g3": "f",
"g4": "f"
},
"expansion": "Tawellemmet: aləṃ, alǎṃ, taləṃt f, taḷǎmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tawellemmet: aləṃ, alǎṃ, taləṃt f, taḷǎmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thz",
"2": "alǎṃ"
},
"expansion": "Tayert: alǎṃ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tayert: alǎṃ (rare), taḷǎmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thv",
"2": "aḷəm"
},
"expansion": "Tamahaq: aḷəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tamahaq: aḷəm (rare), taḷəmt f, təḷəmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tmh-ght",
"2": "ṭaləmt",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Ghat: ṭaləmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ghat: ṭaləmt f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taq",
"2": "taḷəmt",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Tamasheq: taḷəmt f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Adagh Tamasheq: taḷəmt f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "likely borrowed from Tuareg"
},
"expansion": "(likely borrowed from Tuareg)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sedentary dialects: (likely borrowed from Tuareg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gha",
"2": "aḷǎm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ghadames: aḷǎm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ghadames: aḷǎm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzb",
"2": "aḷəm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Saharan Berber: aḷəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Mzab, Gourara, Wargla"
},
"expansion": "(Mzab, Gourara, Wargla)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Saharan Berber: aḷəm (Mzab, Gourara, Wargla)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-l(ə)ɣ(ʷ)əm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "auj",
"2": "alóɣom",
"3": "alöɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Awjila: alóɣom, alöɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Awjila: alóɣom, alöɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-fog",
"2": "alɣûm",
"3": "alɣúm"
},
"expansion": "Fogaha: alɣûm, alɣúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fogaha: alɣûm, alɣúm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swn",
"2": "lǎɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Sokna: lǎɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sokna: lǎɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jbn",
"2": "álɣåm",
"3": "alɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Nefusa: álɣåm, alɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nefusa: álɣåm, alɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siz",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Siwi: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Siwi: alɣəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-zuw",
"2": "alɣóm"
},
"expansion": "Zuwara: alɣóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zuwara: alɣóm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ",
"3": "ⴰⵕⵄⵎ",
"4": "ⴰⵕⴰⵎ"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit: ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm), ⴰⵕⵄⵎ (aṛɛm), ⴰⵕⴰⵎ (aṛam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tashelhit: ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm), ⴰⵕⵄⵎ (aṛɛm), ⴰⵕⴰⵎ (aṛam)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tzm",
"2": "ⴰⵍⵖⵎ",
"3": "ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ"
},
"expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵍⵖⵎ (alɣm), ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵍⵖⵎ (alɣm), ⴰⵍⵖⵯⵎ (alɣʷm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "alɣwem",
"3": "alɣem"
},
"expansion": "Kabyle: alɣwem, alɣem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kabyle: alɣwem, alɣem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shy",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Tachawit: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tachawit: alɣəm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzb",
"2": "alɣəm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Saharan Berber: alɣəm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Figuig"
},
"expansion": "(Figuig)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Saharan Berber: alɣəm (Figuig)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ařɣem",
"3": "alɣem"
},
"expansion": "Tarifit: ařɣem, alɣem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Iznasen"
},
"expansion": "(Iznasen)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tarifit: ařɣem, alɣem (Iznasen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zen",
"2": "aǧiʔm",
"3": "ayiʔm"
},
"expansion": "Zenaga: aǧiʔm, ayiʔm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via regular metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(via regular metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Zenaga: aǧiʔm, ayiʔm (via regular metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants that may belong to either of the above forms"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tez",
"2": "aylim"
},
"expansion": "Tetserret: aylim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tetserret: aylim"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Descendants of the form *a-ɣlam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taq",
"2": "aɣlam",
"t": "young adult camel"
},
"expansion": "Tamasheq: aɣlam (“young adult camel”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso"
},
"expansion": "(in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tamasheq: aɣlam (“young adult camel”) (in the dialects of Niger and Burkina Faso)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings that may be direct from Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "rā̀ƙumī",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hausa: rā̀ƙumī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hausa: rā̀ƙumī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kr",
"2": "kalímo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kanuri: kalímo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from an older form <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"kr\">kalígimo</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from an older form kalígimo)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Kanuri: kalímo (from an older form kalígimo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ngi",
"2": "dlə́gámáu",
"3": "dlə́kə́mau",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ngizim: dlə́gámáu, dlə́kə́mau",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below"
},
"expansion": "(a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ngizim: dlə́gámáu, dlə́kə́mau (a possible medium on phonological grounds for many of the borrowings below)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings that are likely indirectly from Berber, through uncertain intermediates (with multiple levels of borrowing in the case of nativized forms that now refer to the horse)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kai",
"2": "dlúkùmó",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Karekare: dlúkùmó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karekare: dlúkùmó"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bol",
"2": "dlukumo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bole: dlukumo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bole: dlukumo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nbh",
"2": "ndìkmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ngamo: ndìkmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ngamo: ndìkmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kna",
"2": "dlə́ŋŋó",
"3": "dlə́ŋók",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kanakuru: dlə́ŋŋó, dlə́ŋók",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kanakuru: dlə́ŋŋó, dlə́ŋók"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hia",
"2": "dlə̀gwàamà",
"3": "ɬugwama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lamang: dlə̀gwàamà, ɬugwama",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "latter form from the Zələdvə dialect"
},
"expansion": "(latter form from the Zələdvə dialect)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Lamang: dlə̀gwàamà, ɬugwama (latter form from the Zələdvə dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udl",
"2": "ázlə̀wèmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uldeme: ázlə̀wèmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uldeme: ázlə̀wèmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqb",
"2": "zlùgwèmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mbuko: zlùgwèmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mbuko: zlùgwèmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfi",
"2": "eldugọmẹ",
"3": "lugwama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Wandala: eldugọmẹ, lugwama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Wandala: eldugọmẹ, lugwama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glw",
"2": "áadləgòma",
"3": "ádləgòma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Glavda: áadləgòma, ádləgòma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Glavda: áadləgòma, ádləgòma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "maf",
"2": "dlúgúmây",
"3": "dlúgúmáy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mafa: dlúgúmây, dlúgúmáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mafa: dlúgúmây, dlúgúmáy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfh",
"2": "dlígùmí",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Matal: dlígùmí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Matal: dlígùmí"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mif",
"2": "ɬágwàmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mofu-Gudur: ɬágwàmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mofu-Gudur: ɬágwàmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dbq",
"2": "dlogomo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Daba: dlogomo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Daba: dlogomo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckl",
"2": "dlugwam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cibak: dlugwam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cibak: dlugwam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hbb",
"2": "dlə́gwàm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Huba: dlə́gwàm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Huba: dlə́gwàm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrt",
"2": "adlugwom",
"3": "ləgwam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Margi: adlugwom, ləgwam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Margi: adlugwom, ləgwam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mug",
"2": "dlìgìnìi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Musgu: dlìgìnìi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Musgu: dlìgìnìi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bdm",
"2": "lògùmé",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Buduma: lògùmé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Buduma: lògùmé"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kot",
"2": "lògòmè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lagwan: lògòmè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lagwan: lògòmè"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdf",
"2": "lungwome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Guduf-Gava: lungwome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Guduf-Gava: lungwome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvi",
"2": "lokúma",
"3": "lògə̀mà",
"4": "kùlùkum",
"5": "kúlóogúm",
"bor": "1",
"t3": "horse",
"t4": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Kwang: lokúma, lògə̀mà, kùlùkum (“horse”), kúlóogúm (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kwang: lokúma, lògə̀mà, kùlùkum (“horse”), kúlóogúm (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvf",
"2": "làkmà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Kabalai: làkmà (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kabalai: làkmà (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lln",
"2": "lùŋmà",
"bor": "1",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Lele (Chad): lùŋmà (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lele (Chad): lùŋmà (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ndm",
"2": "lùkmà",
"3": "làam",
"bor": "1",
"t2": "horse"
},
"expansion": "→ Ndam: lùkmà, làam (“horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ndam: lùkmà, làam (“horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sok",
"2": "lúgumo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sokoro: lúgumo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sokoro: lúgumo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "daa",
"2": "lòkùmò",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dangaléat: lòkùmò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dangaléat: lòkùmò"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmy",
"2": "lókùmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Migaama: lókùmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Migaama: lókùmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btf",
"2": "lòkòmó",
"3": "lògòmó",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Birgit: lòkòmó, lògòmó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Birgit: lòkòmó, lògòmó"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nie",
"2": "lwāàgūùm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Niellim: lwāàgūùm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via a Chadic language"
},
"expansion": "(via a Chadic language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Niellim: lwāàgūùm (via a Chadic language)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pbi",
"2": "dúgwąmạ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Podoko: dúgwąmạ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Podoko: dúgwąmạ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gid",
"2": "dǫgǫ́mọ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gidar: dǫgǫ́mọ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gidar: dǫgǫ́mọ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcy",
"2": "lùkápto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bacama: lùkápto",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/"
},
"expansion": "(with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Bacama: lùkápto (with an added suffix and possibly assimilation of the /m/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mcn",
"2": "lámka",
"3": "lákmáná",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Masana: lámka, lákmáná",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly metathesis or suffixation"
},
"expansion": "(possibly metathesis or suffixation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps borrowed via Kanuri"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps borrowed via Kanuri)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Masana: lámka, lákmáná (possibly metathesis or suffixation); kúlum (“horse”), kúlúmná (“horse”) (perhaps borrowed via Kanuri)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Likely borrowing into Mande, the origin of which is uncertain but possibly Zenaga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bm",
"2": "ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bambara: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bambara: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwk",
"2": "ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kita Maninkakan: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kita Maninkakan: ɲɔ̀gɔmɛ́"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sus",
"2": "ɲɔxɔmɛ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Susu: ɲɔxɔmɛ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Susu: ɲɔxɔmɛ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "snk",
"2": "ɲogome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Soninke: ɲogome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Soninke: ɲogome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "men",
"2": "ɲɔ́má",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mende: ɲɔ́má",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mende: ɲɔ́má"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَمَل"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَمَل (jamal)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "camēlus"
},
"expansion": "Latin camēlus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Widely considered to be a metathesis of an early borrowing ultimately from Semitic language, with the form *gamal; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal). The intermediate is unknown, and Kossmann (2005) raises several formal problems, beyond just metathesis, with the common suggestions of Latin camēlus and Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*a-lɣəm m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Berber",
"lang_code": "ber-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Berber/a-lɣəm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Huba terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Kabalai terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Lele (Chad) terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Masana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Nefusa terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Niellim terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Northern Saharan Berber terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Berber entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Berber lemmas",
"Proto-Berber masculine nouns",
"Proto-Berber nouns",
"Proto-Berber terms borrowed from Semitic languages",
"Proto-Berber terms derived from Semitic languages",
"Sokna terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Uldeme terms in nonstandard scripts",
"ber-pro:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-lɣəm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for a-lɣəm meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.