See Windrush on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 45 55",
"word": "Windrusher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 45 55",
"word": "Windrush generation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "Uuenrisc"
},
"expansion": "Old English Uuenrisc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "gwynn",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh gwynn (“white”)",
"name": "langname-mention"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested as Old English Uuenrisc, from Old Welsh gwynn (“white”) + reisko (“fen”).\nMore recent senses derive from the ship HMT Empire Windrush, named after the River Windrush. The arrival of 802 immigrants to the UK from the West Indies onboard the Empire Windrush in 1948 is seen as symbolic of the beginning of mass immigration from the Caribbean to the UK.\nThe Windrush line was named for its running through several parts of London with large British Caribbean population.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Windrush",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in England",
"orig": "en:Places in England",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"orig": "en:Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Oxfordshire, England",
"orig": "en:Places in Oxfordshire, England",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rivers in England",
"orig": "en:Rivers in England",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rivers in Gloucestershire, England",
"orig": "en:Rivers in Gloucestershire, England",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rivers in Oxfordshire, England",
"orig": "en:Rivers in Oxfordshire, England",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A river in Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, England, a tributary of the Thames."
],
"id": "en-Windrush-en-name-2MQT0tGv",
"links": [
[
"Gloucestershire",
"Gloucestershire#English"
],
[
"Oxfordshire",
"Oxfordshire#English"
],
[
"England",
"England#English"
],
[
"Thames",
"Thames#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Civil parishes of England",
"orig": "en:Civil parishes of England",
"parents": [
"Civil parishes",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in England",
"orig": "en:Places in England",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"orig": "en:Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Villages in England",
"orig": "en:Villages in England",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Villages in Gloucestershire, England",
"orig": "en:Villages in Gloucestershire, England",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 53 8 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 51 7 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A village and civil parish in Cotswold district, Gloucestershire, named after the river (OS grid ref SP1913)."
],
"id": "en-Windrush-en-name-h4cOV3O5",
"links": [
[
"civil parish",
"civil parish"
],
[
"Cotswold",
"Cotswold#English"
],
[
"Gloucestershire",
"Gloucestershire#English"
],
[
"OS",
"OS"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 1, Supriya M. Nair, Teaching Anglophone Caribbean Literature, Modern Language Association, →ISBN:",
"text": "Black Britain's past stretches back to India and Africa, but more recently it draws inspiration from the several generations who had been forced to settle as slaves in the West Indies. All that history informs pre-Windrush writing in the early twentieth century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018 December 14, Subashish Bhattacharjee, Girindra Narayan Ray, New Women's Writing: Contextualising Fiction, Poetry and Philosophy, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:",
"text": "Its arrival marked the first large-scale wave of Caribbean immigration into the U.K. post-WWII and the beginning of the Windrush era.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 23, Floella Benjamin, What Are You Doing Here?: My Autobiography, Pan Macmillan, →ISBN:",
"text": "It could also help counteract the widespread ignorance about why there are Caribbean people living in Britain in the first place, highlighting the fact that we were invited to come, and the contribution we've made to the nation, not just since Windrush but from the time the Atlantic slave trade began over four hundred years ago.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The first significant wave of immigration of British African-Caribbean people in the 1940s and 1950s."
],
"id": "en-Windrush-en-name-tuoQ00Lz"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 July 3, Karen Fowler-Watt, Stephen Jukes, New Journalisms: Rethinking Practice, Theory and Pedagogy, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "When challenged, the government – and then Home Secretary Amber Rudd – repeatedly denied any awareness of Windrush deportations.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 September 17, Amelia Gentleman, The Windrush Betrayal: Exposing the Hostile Environment, Faber & Faber, →ISBN:",
"text": "A team of reporters was allocated to interviewing the huge number of newly emerging Windrush victims.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 June 13, Andrew Hindmoor, Haywire: A Political History of Britain since 2000, Random House, →ISBN:",
"text": "Two days later, Downing Street refused a formal diplomatic request to discuss Windrush and the issue of deportations at the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Windrush scandal; the wrongful deportation of British citizens from the UK in the 2010s, especially of Caribbean immigrants belonging to the Windrush generation."
],
"id": "en-Windrush-en-name-s-iQ9PYW",
"links": [
[
"Windrush generation",
"Windrush generation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Windrush line on the London Overground."
],
"id": "en-Windrush-en-name-rQ-n0t-7"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"HMT Empire Windrush",
"West Indies",
"Windrush"
],
"word": "Windrush"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Windrusher"
},
{
"word": "Windrush generation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "Uuenrisc"
},
"expansion": "Old English Uuenrisc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "gwynn",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh gwynn (“white”)",
"name": "langname-mention"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested as Old English Uuenrisc, from Old Welsh gwynn (“white”) + reisko (“fen”).\nMore recent senses derive from the ship HMT Empire Windrush, named after the River Windrush. The arrival of 802 immigrants to the UK from the West Indies onboard the Empire Windrush in 1948 is seen as symbolic of the beginning of mass immigration from the Caribbean to the UK.\nThe Windrush line was named for its running through several parts of London with large British Caribbean population.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Windrush",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in England",
"en:Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"en:Places in Oxfordshire, England",
"en:Rivers in England",
"en:Rivers in Gloucestershire, England",
"en:Rivers in Oxfordshire, England"
],
"glosses": [
"A river in Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, England, a tributary of the Thames."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloucestershire",
"Gloucestershire#English"
],
[
"Oxfordshire",
"Oxfordshire#English"
],
[
"England",
"England#English"
],
[
"Thames",
"Thames#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Civil parishes of England",
"en:Places in England",
"en:Places in Gloucestershire, England",
"en:Villages in England",
"en:Villages in Gloucestershire, England"
],
"glosses": [
"A village and civil parish in Cotswold district, Gloucestershire, named after the river (OS grid ref SP1913)."
],
"links": [
[
"civil parish",
"civil parish"
],
[
"Cotswold",
"Cotswold#English"
],
[
"Gloucestershire",
"Gloucestershire#English"
],
[
"OS",
"OS"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 1, Supriya M. Nair, Teaching Anglophone Caribbean Literature, Modern Language Association, →ISBN:",
"text": "Black Britain's past stretches back to India and Africa, but more recently it draws inspiration from the several generations who had been forced to settle as slaves in the West Indies. All that history informs pre-Windrush writing in the early twentieth century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018 December 14, Subashish Bhattacharjee, Girindra Narayan Ray, New Women's Writing: Contextualising Fiction, Poetry and Philosophy, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:",
"text": "Its arrival marked the first large-scale wave of Caribbean immigration into the U.K. post-WWII and the beginning of the Windrush era.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 23, Floella Benjamin, What Are You Doing Here?: My Autobiography, Pan Macmillan, →ISBN:",
"text": "It could also help counteract the widespread ignorance about why there are Caribbean people living in Britain in the first place, highlighting the fact that we were invited to come, and the contribution we've made to the nation, not just since Windrush but from the time the Atlantic slave trade began over four hundred years ago.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The first significant wave of immigration of British African-Caribbean people in the 1940s and 1950s."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 July 3, Karen Fowler-Watt, Stephen Jukes, New Journalisms: Rethinking Practice, Theory and Pedagogy, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "When challenged, the government – and then Home Secretary Amber Rudd – repeatedly denied any awareness of Windrush deportations.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 September 17, Amelia Gentleman, The Windrush Betrayal: Exposing the Hostile Environment, Faber & Faber, →ISBN:",
"text": "A team of reporters was allocated to interviewing the huge number of newly emerging Windrush victims.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 June 13, Andrew Hindmoor, Haywire: A Political History of Britain since 2000, Random House, →ISBN:",
"text": "Two days later, Downing Street refused a formal diplomatic request to discuss Windrush and the issue of deportations at the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Windrush scandal; the wrongful deportation of British citizens from the UK in the 2010s, especially of Caribbean immigrants belonging to the Windrush generation."
],
"links": [
[
"Windrush generation",
"Windrush generation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Windrush line on the London Overground."
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"HMT Empire Windrush",
"West Indies",
"Windrush"
],
"word": "Windrush"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Windrush meaning in All languages combined (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.