See Cnɗuːm on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian: *ʔəndɯɯm (Phillips, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelaic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mah Meri: ndum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-ban-pro",
"2": "*ɗu(ː)m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric: *ɗu(ː)m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bahnaric: *ɗu(ː)m (Sidwell, 2011) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*ɗoom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic: *ɗoom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Katuic: *ɗoom (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katu: ɗɑm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngeq: doːm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "doum"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: doum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: doum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ទុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer: ទុំ (tum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khmer: ទុំ (tum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*hnduːm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic: *hnduːm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khmuic: *hnduːm (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: hnduːm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*kɗuːm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic: *kɗuːm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Palaungic: *kɗuːm (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lamet: ntum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybh",
"2": "तुम्मा",
"3": "",
"4": "to ripen",
"tr": "tumma"
},
"expansion": "Yakkha तुम्मा (tumma, “to ripen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "मेडुम्बाआ",
"3": "",
"4": "ripe"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu मेडुम्बाआ (meḍumbāā, “ripe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klr",
"2": "धम्पा़",
"3": "",
"4": "ripe",
"tr": "dhampä"
},
"expansion": "Khaling धम्पा़ (dhampä, “ripe”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *Cɗuːm (Sidwell, 2024, #AA150)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ɗum ~ *ɗuum (Shorto, 2006, #1362)\nIf not just a coincidence, Kiranti has seemingly borrowed this word, cf. Proto-Kiranti *dum (\"to ripen\") (Jaques, 2017), whence Yakkha तुम्मा (tumma, “to ripen”), Yamphu मेडुम्बाआ (meḍumbāā, “ripe”), Khaling धम्पा़ (dhampä, “ripe”) (through affixed forms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*Cnɗuːm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/Cnɗuːm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ripe"
],
"id": "en-Cnɗuːm-aav-pro-adj-~kHMlo6Y",
"links": [
[
"ripe",
"ripe"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ripe-colored"
],
"id": "en-Cnɗuːm-aav-pro-adj-Njzgcbha",
"links": [
[
"ripe",
"ripe"
],
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kiranti languages"
],
"word": "Cnɗuːm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Austroasiatic adjectives",
"Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Austroasiatic lemmas"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian: *ʔəndɯɯm (Phillips, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Semelaic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mah Meri: ndum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-ban-pro",
"2": "*ɗu(ː)m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric: *ɗu(ː)m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bahnaric: *ɗu(ː)m (Sidwell, 2011) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*ɗoom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic: *ɗoom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Katuic: *ɗoom (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katu: ɗɑm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngeq: doːm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "doum"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh: doum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pacoh: doum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ទុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer: ទុំ (tum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khmer: ទុំ (tum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-khm-pro",
"2": "*hnduːm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Khmuic: *hnduːm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Khmuic: *hnduːm (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmu: hnduːm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*kɗuːm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic: *kɗuːm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Palaungic: *kɗuːm (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lamet: ntum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybh",
"2": "तुम्मा",
"3": "",
"4": "to ripen",
"tr": "tumma"
},
"expansion": "Yakkha तुम्मा (tumma, “to ripen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "मेडुम्बाआ",
"3": "",
"4": "ripe"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu मेडुम्बाआ (meḍumbāā, “ripe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klr",
"2": "धम्पा़",
"3": "",
"4": "ripe",
"tr": "dhampä"
},
"expansion": "Khaling धम्पा़ (dhampä, “ripe”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *Cɗuːm (Sidwell, 2024, #AA150)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ɗum ~ *ɗuum (Shorto, 2006, #1362)\nIf not just a coincidence, Kiranti has seemingly borrowed this word, cf. Proto-Kiranti *dum (\"to ripen\") (Jaques, 2017), whence Yakkha तुम्मा (tumma, “to ripen”), Yamphu मेडुम्बाआ (meḍumbāā, “ripe”), Khaling धम्पा़ (dhampä, “ripe”) (through affixed forms).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*Cnɗuːm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/Cnɗuːm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ripe"
],
"links": [
[
"ripe",
"ripe"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ripe-colored"
],
"links": [
[
"ripe",
"ripe"
],
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kiranti languages"
],
"word": "Cnɗuːm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Cnɗuːm meaning in All languages combined (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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