See China proper on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "China proper",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms where the adjective follows the noun",
"parents": [
"Terms where the adjective follows the noun",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "China",
"orig": "en:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 October 20 [1797], “CALCULATIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE GLOBE.”, in The Rural Magazine, volume I, number 36, Newark, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Chowta-Zhin, who is ſaid to be a man of buſineſs and preciſion, and cautious of advancing facts, at the requeſt of Earl Macartney, delivered to him a ſtatement taken from one of the public officers in the capitol, of the inhabitants of the fifteen ancient provinces of China, or China proper, within the great wall ; according to which the number of inhabitants, taken by a regular enumeration, amounts to 333,000,000!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, Oxford University Press, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "Tun-huang, which means 'Blazing Beacon', was thus the last caravan halt in China proper for travellers setting out along the old Silk Road.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Liangren Zhang, Dongju Zhang, Xiaohong Wu, Kai Wang, Guoke Chen, Hui Wang, Peng Wang, “Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China”, in Paléorient, volume 44, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "The site is located in the Hexi Corridor, a critical section of the Silk Road, and the multi-room layout of the buildings and the wheat/barley crops hint at dual directions of inspiration, but it is yet uncertain whether the Xichengyi community absorbed the mud-brick building technology from Central Asia. The microscopic and particle size analyses, however, confirm that the second type of mud-brick was ingeniously fused with the earth ramming technique from China proper.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Shiqi Liang, “Architecture and Geography of China Proper: Influence of Geography on the Diversity of Chinese Traditional Architectural Motifs and the Cultural Values They Reflect”, in Culture, Society, and Praxis, volume 12, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 1, 2:",
"text": "To accommodate a fast growing urban population, real estate developers favor tall, rectangular, concrete apartment buildings over traditional Chinese architectures. The buildings in northern cities no longer look distinguishable from buildings in southern cities. Revisiting those diverse architectural motifs serves as a reminder of how diverse China proper really is.[...]East of the thick red lines is a rough definition of China proper (Lin et al., 2015)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China excluding Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, Tuva, and Xinjiang."
],
"id": "en-China_proper-en-name-bA9cSRIr",
"links": [
[
"Inner Mongolia",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
[
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"Tibet",
"Tibet"
],
[
"Tuva",
"Tuva"
],
[
"Xinjiang",
"Xinjiang"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mainland China"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "China Proper"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中國本部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "not commonly understood",
"roman": "Zhōngguó běnbù",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "not commonly understood",
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "內地十八省"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "Qing dynasty term",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nèidì shíbā shěng",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "内地十八省"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "Varsinainen Kiina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Chine propre"
},
{
"alt": "ちゅうごくほんど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Chūgoku hondo",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnútrennij Kitáj",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вну́тренний Кита́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korennój Kitáj",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коренно́й Кита́й"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "China histórica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Egentliga Kina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Inre kina"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"China proper"
]
}
],
"word": "China proper"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "China proper",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "mainland China"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms where the adjective follows the noun",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:China"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 October 20 [1797], “CALCULATIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE GLOBE.”, in The Rural Magazine, volume I, number 36, Newark, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "Chowta-Zhin, who is ſaid to be a man of buſineſs and preciſion, and cautious of advancing facts, at the requeſt of Earl Macartney, delivered to him a ſtatement taken from one of the public officers in the capitol, of the inhabitants of the fifteen ancient provinces of China, or China proper, within the great wall ; according to which the number of inhabitants, taken by a regular enumeration, amounts to 333,000,000!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, Oxford University Press, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "Tun-huang, which means 'Blazing Beacon', was thus the last caravan halt in China proper for travellers setting out along the old Silk Road.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Liangren Zhang, Dongju Zhang, Xiaohong Wu, Kai Wang, Guoke Chen, Hui Wang, Peng Wang, “Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China”, in Paléorient, volume 44, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "The site is located in the Hexi Corridor, a critical section of the Silk Road, and the multi-room layout of the buildings and the wheat/barley crops hint at dual directions of inspiration, but it is yet uncertain whether the Xichengyi community absorbed the mud-brick building technology from Central Asia. The microscopic and particle size analyses, however, confirm that the second type of mud-brick was ingeniously fused with the earth ramming technique from China proper.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Shiqi Liang, “Architecture and Geography of China Proper: Influence of Geography on the Diversity of Chinese Traditional Architectural Motifs and the Cultural Values They Reflect”, in Culture, Society, and Praxis, volume 12, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 1, 2:",
"text": "To accommodate a fast growing urban population, real estate developers favor tall, rectangular, concrete apartment buildings over traditional Chinese architectures. The buildings in northern cities no longer look distinguishable from buildings in southern cities. Revisiting those diverse architectural motifs serves as a reminder of how diverse China proper really is.[...]East of the thick red lines is a rough definition of China proper (Lin et al., 2015)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China excluding Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, Tuva, and Xinjiang."
],
"links": [
[
"Inner Mongolia",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
[
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"Tibet",
"Tibet"
],
[
"Tuva",
"Tuva"
],
[
"Xinjiang",
"Xinjiang"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"China proper"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "China Proper"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中國本部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "not commonly understood",
"roman": "Zhōngguó běnbù",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "not commonly understood",
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "內地十八省"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "Qing dynasty term",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nèidì shíbā shěng",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "内地十八省"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "Varsinainen Kiina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Chine propre"
},
{
"alt": "ちゅうごくほんど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Chūgoku hondo",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vnútrennij Kitáj",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вну́тренний Кита́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korennój Kitáj",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коренно́й Кита́й"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "China histórica"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Egentliga Kina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "parts of China excluding outer frontiers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Inre kina"
}
],
"word": "China proper"
}
Download raw JSONL data for China proper meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.